RO反滲透系統(tǒng)技術(shù)培訓(xùn)ppt課件

1、反浸透反浸透RO 培訓(xùn)培訓(xùn)2021年年3月月北京碧化科技北京碧化科技簡介：膜簡介：膜/反浸透反浸透 及其運(yùn)用及其運(yùn)用An INTRODUCTION TOMEMEBRANE / REVERSE OSMOSIS & ITS BEST PRACTICE交叉流交叉流/膜過濾方法膜過濾方法Cross Flow Filtration Methods微過濾微過濾Microfiltration超濾超濾Ultrafiltration超微過濾超微過濾 Nanofiltration反浸透反浸透Reverse Osmosis范圍范圍宏分子宏分子Macro molecular分子分子Molecular次分子次分

2、子Sub molecular離子離子Ionic顆粒大小顆粒大小Particle size1.0 - 0.1 mm0.1 - 0.01 mm0.01 - 0.001 mm100,00010,000 - 100,000200 - 20,000300操作壓操作壓OperatingPressure10 psig10 - 100 psig200 -250 psig200 - 800 psigPretreatmentNeeds預(yù)處置需求預(yù)處置需求LowMediumHighHigh投資本錢投資本錢Capital CostLowMediumHighHigh 膜構(gòu)造膜構(gòu)造 Membrane Configurat

3、ions 螺旋口 Spiral Wound 中空纖維 Hollow Fiber 管狀 Tubular膜系統(tǒng)膜系統(tǒng) Membrane System反浸透反浸透 Reverse OsmosisP1WaterStrongSolutionH2OH2OH2OWaterStrongSolutionH2OH2OH2OP2術(shù)語表術(shù)語表 Glossary of Terms Concentrate or reject 濃縮 或 損失/ 未滲 透Permeate or product 浸透 或 產(chǎn)物Percent recovery 回收率Percent salt rejection 鹽損率 / 抗鹽率兩步驟兩步驟

4、RO系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng) Two-Stage RO System 膜對(duì)比膜對(duì)比 Membrane Comparisons醋酸纖維素醋酸纖維素Cellulose acetate薄膜合成薄膜合成Thin film compositePH范圍范圍Typical pH range5.0-6.52.0-11.0平均未浸透率平均未浸透率Average % rejection95%99%微生物病體微生物病體 Microbio susceptibilityYesNo溫度限制溫度限制Temperature limit35C45 C氯接受力氯接受力Chlorine tolerance ExcellentPoor操作壓操作壓T

5、ypical operatingpressure400 psig200 psig離子經(jīng)過離子經(jīng)過 Typical Passage of IonsRO的優(yōu)勢(shì)的優(yōu)勢(shì)What Are the Advantages of RO ?去除非離子雜質(zhì)和溶解的固體如：有機(jī)物，無水硅酸，細(xì)菌Removes nonionic impurities and dissolved solids (i.e. organics, silica, bacteria)減少了危險(xiǎn)的化學(xué)品存儲(chǔ)和與離子交換相關(guān)的操Reduction of hazardous chemical storage and handling associa

6、ted with ion exchange減少了離子交換系統(tǒng)的裝載 Reduces loading on ion exchange systems:延伸運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)周期 Extends run lengths延伸樹脂壽命 Extends resin life降低操作本錢 Reduces operating costsRO的優(yōu)勢(shì)的優(yōu)勢(shì)What Are the Disadvantages of RO?25%的進(jìn)水未被浸透 25% of feed stream is rejected浸透的5%TDS 對(duì)HP鍋爐缺乏 5% TDS in permeate inadequate for HP boilers最終

7、過濾器易被堵塞 Ultimate filter which is easily fouled : - 提高操作本錢 Increasing operating costs- 降低樹脂壽命 Reducing membrane life操作本錢細(xì)分操作本錢細(xì)分 Typical Operating Cost Breakdown膜改換費(fèi)膜改換費(fèi)MembraneReplacement 31%化學(xué)藥品費(fèi)用化學(xué)藥品費(fèi)用Chemicals17% 人工費(fèi)人工費(fèi)Labor 15%過濾器改換費(fèi)過濾器改換費(fèi)Filter Replacement3%其它其它7%電費(fèi)電費(fèi)27%反浸透膜的問題反浸透膜的問題 RO Membra

8、ne ProblemsFouling 污垢 微生物，殘?jiān)?泥沙，臟物，有機(jī)物，金屬氧化物Microbio, silt, crud, organics, metal oxidesScaling 水銹天然鹽 Mineral salts無水硅酸 Silica水解和降解 Hydrolysis or DegradationpH, Temperature, oxidants, biodegradation離子污垢離子污垢 Iron Fouling膜退化膜退化/降解降解 Membrane Degradation 膜問題呵斥的結(jié)果膜問題呵斥的結(jié)果 Results of Membrane Problems水質(zhì)降

9、低 Reduced water quality運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)周期縮短 Shorter run lengths提早改換膜 Premature membrane replacement運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)本錢提高 Higher operating costs 廠商要求廠商要求 Typical Manufacturers Requirements CA MEMBRANES 微生物生長率微生物生長率Microbio growth present pH levels 5.0 - 6.5 溫度溫度 Temperatures 35 oC Exposed to direct sunlight TFC MEMBRANES 進(jìn)水中的氧化劑

10、進(jìn)水中的氧化劑Oxidants in feedwater (i.e. Cl2, Ozone) 進(jìn)水中的游離氯進(jìn)水中的游離氯 0.01 ppm Free chlorine in feedwater 溫度溫度 Temperatures 0 in reject防水銹劑Up to LSI index = +2.3CaSO4Ca2+SO42-1000 ppm in reject防水銹劑3x 溶解度Up to 3x solubility limitBaSO4Ba2+0.2 ppm in feed防水銹劑Up to 11x solubility limitFe Fe2+ 0.1 ppm in feed防水銹

11、劑Up to 5x solubility limit無水硅酸SilicaSiO2120 ppm in reject防水銹劑Up to 250 ppm in reject微生物Microbio進(jìn)水中細(xì)菌棒量Bacteria level104 CFU/cm2 in feed生物殺滅劑 BiocideUp to 106 CFU/cm2RO系統(tǒng)控制系統(tǒng)控制 RO System Monitoring預(yù)處置控制 Pretreatment monitoring殘?jiān)芏萐DI，混濁，pH，氧化劑 Silt Density (SDI), Turbidity, pH, oxidants溫度、壓力、TDSTempe

12、rature, pressure, TDS污垢物質(zhì)細(xì)菌、金屬、硬度、無水硅酸 Foulants (bacteria, metals, hardness, silica)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)控制 Performance monitoring抗鹽率/鹽損率 Percent salt rejection正常化浸透流速 Normalized permeate flowrate壓差 Differential pressure進(jìn)水流速 Feedwater flowrateReject Flow Rate,Conductivity ORP* 當(dāng)進(jìn)水中離子程度當(dāng)進(jìn)水中離子程度0.5ppm時(shí)引薦第二進(jìn)水點(diǎn)時(shí)引薦第二進(jìn)水點(diǎn) Se

13、condary feed points are recommended when iron levels 0.5 ppm in feed處理處理RO系統(tǒng)缺點(diǎn)系統(tǒng)缺點(diǎn)Troubleshooting an RO System檢查預(yù)處置控制系統(tǒng) Check pretreatment monitoring system檢查儀表，校正 Check instrument calibration for accuracy隔離RO問題部分 Isolate the location of problem RO elements尋覓性能失誤的能夠緣由Investigate possible causes of p

14、erformance loss控制運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，保證問題處理 Monitor performance to assure problem is fixed可采用的效力或工具可采用的效力或工具Services & Tools Available降低能源,人工和清潔費(fèi)用降低能源,人工和清潔費(fèi)用降低能源,人工和清潔費(fèi)用降低能顯示目錄,人工和清潔費(fèi)用效力效力/工具工具特點(diǎn)特點(diǎn) FEATURES帶給客戶的價(jià)值帶給客戶的價(jià)值 VALUE TO CUSTOMER顆?？刂破鱌article Monitor 識(shí)別固體懸浮物 相對(duì)SDI更易運(yùn)用 降低膜改換費(fèi)用ORP 優(yōu)化亞硫酸鹽的運(yùn)用 查探浸透水中的消毒殺菌劑

15、降低化學(xué)物處置費(fèi)用 降低IE樹脂改換費(fèi)用水分析水分析 Water Analysis 識(shí)別潛在污垢物質(zhì) (Fe, Ba, Ca, bio, 有機(jī)物質(zhì)) 降低膜改換費(fèi)用Sacrificial Membrane 識(shí)別水銹物和污垢物 運(yùn)用低本錢膜 降低膜改換費(fèi)用RO Test Skid 評(píng)價(jià) chemical programs 進(jìn)展pilot trials 降低化學(xué)物處置費(fèi)用 降低/防止資產(chǎn)本錢 capital costs咨詢咨詢/檢測(cè)檢測(cè)Consulting/Inspections 確認(rèn)問題原因 識(shí)查新時(shí)機(jī) 降低運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)本錢 提高消費(fèi)力,縮短停工期膜分析膜分析 Membrane Autopsy 識(shí)別水銹

16、物和污垢物(Fe, Ba, Ca, bio, 有機(jī)物質(zhì)) 降低膜改換費(fèi)用污染位置和影響污染位置和影響 Fouling Location & Impact 位置位置 Location of Fouling in RO plants Fouling Where does it occur first Scaling/silica Last membranes in last stage Metal oxides First membranes of first stage Colloids First membranes of first stage Organic First membr

17、anes of first stage Biofouling (rapid) First membranes of first stage (slow) Throughout the whole installation 根據(jù)對(duì)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的影響識(shí)別污染根據(jù)對(duì)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的影響識(shí)別污染 Identifying fouling by impact on performance Fouling Normalized Flux Pressure Drop Salt Passage Where Scaling End Metal oxides Front Colloids/silica Front/End Organ

18、ic Front Biofouling Front 運(yùn)用運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)變量運(yùn)用運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)變量 Using the Performance Variables清潔RO系統(tǒng)的時(shí)間：Time to clean the RO system when:降低10-15%的正常化后浸透水的流速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的前200個(gè)小時(shí)后10-15% decrease in normalized permeate flowrate (after first 200 hours of operation), or降低1-2%的抗鹽率 1-2% decrease in percent salt rejection, or提高10-15%的壓差 10-

19、15% increase in differential pressureLLPP清洗罐Cleaning Tank加熱器加熱器HeaterP壓力容器2:1Pressure Vessels浸透水浸透水Permeate濃鹽水濃鹽水 Concentrate Brine進(jìn)水Feed筒式過濾器筒式過濾器Cartridge Filter(5 or 10 micron)再流通再流通Recirculation 采樣采樣 Sample最正確膜清潔作法最正確膜清潔作法Membrane Cleaning Best Practice 一步一步 Stage by Stage 正確的化學(xué)品運(yùn)用方案 Right Chemi

20、cal Program 充足的流速 Sufficient Flow Rate 清潔時(shí)間 Cleaning Duration 重開場運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)的問題 Problems when back to the service.維護(hù)維護(hù)RO的益處的益處Benefits of Maintaining an RO 降低運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)本錢 Reduced operating costs降低維護(hù)費(fèi)用 Reduced maintenance costs縮短停工期 Reduced downtime延伸膜壽命 Extended membrane life提高水質(zhì)和產(chǎn)量 Improved water quality and outpu

21、t設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)RO系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng) Designing a RO System我需求多少浸透水產(chǎn)量How much permeate production do I need我需求怎樣的水質(zhì)What water quality do I need能否對(duì)濃水有任何需求Is there any use for the concentrate監(jiān)測(cè)控制裝Monitoring and control packages我需求多少trainHow many trains do I need進(jìn)水溫度,變化,熱回收如何What is the feedwater temperature, variation, heat re

22、covery進(jìn)水質(zhì)量如何What is the feedwater quality預(yù)處置 Pretreatment過濾 Filtration重力/壓力Gravity/pressure多媒/綠砂Multimedia/Greensand濾筒類型和尺寸Cartridge type and size微生物 MicrobiopH值控制 pH control化學(xué)品運(yùn)用 Chemical applications分析器/自動(dòng)操作Analyzers/automationORP/氯監(jiān)控 ORP/chlorine monitors膜處置方案膜處置方案Membrane Treatment Program傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)用水

23、的管理傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)用水的管理 Conventional Industrial Water ManagementSurfaceWater進(jìn)水處置進(jìn)水處置 Feed Water Treatment鍋爐鍋爐 Boiler廓清器廓清器Clarifier冷卻塔冷卻塔 Cooling TowersProcessDischarge廢水處置工廠廢水處置工廠Wastewater Treatment Plant膜性能膜性能 Membrane Performance21st 世紀(jì)工業(yè)用水系統(tǒng)世紀(jì)工業(yè)用水系統(tǒng) Industrial Water SystemsCustomer Needs 客戶需求降低運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)總本錢自動(dòng)操作的可靠性提高運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)效果DischargeSurfaceWaterBoiler冷卻塔冷卻塔 Cooling TowersProcessWastewater Treatment- Nalmet- Prop. ChemicalsCleaners-Coagulant-Flocculant-Cleaners-Antiscalant-Cleaners-Biocid