選修8unit2readingPPT學(xué)習(xí)教案

1、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1They are born naturally and identical in sex and appearance.第1頁/共81頁The new plants that grow from the runners are exact copies of the original plant.第2頁/共81頁一株草莓依靠它沿地一株草莓依靠它沿地“爬走爬走”的匍匐莖的匍匐莖,一年內(nèi)就能長出數(shù)百株草莓苗。一年內(nèi)就能長出數(shù)百株草莓苗。第3頁/共81頁富貴竹插枝即活富貴竹插枝即活The gardener should cut the plant, then the cutting prod

2、uce another new plant.第4頁/共81頁第5頁/共81頁第6頁/共81頁2002年年5月月中旬成功地中旬成功地繁殖了一只繁殖了一只胚胎細(xì)胞胚胎細(xì)胞克隆兔?？寺⊥?。第7頁/共81頁第8頁/共81頁2002年年4月月16日日美國第一頭克美國第一頭克隆牛隆?！鞍装住碑a(chǎn)下牛犢喜作產(chǎn)下牛犢喜作媽咪。媽咪。第9頁/共81頁第10頁/共81頁P(yáng)re-reading 第11頁/共81頁A clone is an animal or a plant produced naturally or artificially from the cells of another animal or

3、 plant and is exactly the same as it.第12頁/共81頁2. How is a clone produced？The cloning of plants is simple and relatively easy. It can be done by taking cuttings (man-made cloning) or letting the plant produce its own runners (natural cloning). The cloning of animals is more complicated. It was not ac

4、hieved until 1996 and is fully explained in the first reading.第13頁/共81頁第14頁/共81頁？Medical cloning can help cure serious illnesses that ruin ones quality of life (such as Parkinsons disease or Alzheimers disease). It can help infertile people have babies.第15頁/共81頁 People may want to clone themselves s

5、o they can live forever. People may want to clone dead children. People may want to clone their favourite pets.第16頁/共81頁1. What is the main topic? A. Cloning. B. Dolly the sheep . C. It will lead us to some places.2. What is the writing style? A. Expositive (說明性的說明性的). B. Descriptive. C. Argumentati

6、ve (議論性的議論性的).A A 第17頁/共81頁Learning tips: The passage is written in the expositive style. That is to say the text is in the third person and in factual and formal language. It gives different points of view and does not try to persuade the reader to make up his/her own mind.第18頁/共81頁B 第19頁/共81頁C 第20

7、頁/共81頁D 第21頁/共81頁A 第22頁/共81頁A 第23頁/共81頁B 第24頁/共81頁9. The lamb is the clone of the cell from sheep because _. A. it provides the egg cell B. it gives birth to the lamb C. it provides the nucleus D. it is a female sheep10. The sheep that donated the somatic cell most probably lived _ years. A. 3 B. 6

8、C. 9 D. 12C D 第25頁/共81頁D 第26頁/共81頁12. Which of the following is NOT a problem or danger of cloning mentioned in the text?A. Evil leaders may want to clone themselves.B. Animal clones may develop the illness of older animals and may die younger than the donor animals.C. There are moral objections to

9、cloning human beings.D. Too much cloning may lead to the destruction of the balance of nature.D 第27頁/共81頁13. We can infer from the last three paragraphs that _. A. the normal development of Dolly had no effect on the cloning of other species. B. Dollys serious disease and final death disturbed the w

10、hole world. C. Dolly successfully cloned a new lamb with the help of cloning scientists. D. there were arguments about animal cloning and concerns about the future of cloning.D 第28頁/共81頁Careful reading The main idea of each paragraph.1. Cloning is _ _ 2. Cloning has _ uses.3. The _ of Dolly.4. The _

11、 of clonging in society.5. The attitudes towards cloning.a way of making an exact copy of another animal and blemstwo majoreffect第29頁/共81頁It happens both in _ and in _. They can be cloned by _ and _.plantsanimalsthemselveshumansNatural cloneMan-made clonePara 1: The definition of cloning第30

12、頁/共81頁1. How many major uses do cloning have? Firstly, commercial Secondly, research2. How many female sheep participate in the cloning of a new sheep?3. When was the cloning of Dolly the sheep born?3Para 2: The major uses and procedures of cloning1996第31頁/共81頁About Dolly the sheepEncouraging news:

13、Dolly developed _. Disturbing news:normally Dolly lived for six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original one. Para 3: The problems of Dolly第32頁/共81頁P(yáng)ara 4: The impact of DollyB 第33頁/共81頁P(yáng)ara 5: Peoples reaction to cloningMany governments forbade research into human beings.T T F

14、第34頁/共81頁第35頁/共81頁意大利狂人醫(yī)生意大利狂人醫(yī)生:安蒂諾里安蒂諾里冒死也要克隆人的冒死也要克隆人的科學(xué)家科學(xué)家:布瓦瑟利耶布瓦瑟利耶第36頁/共81頁Comprehending 1. What are the two major uses of cloning? The first use is to produce commercial quantities of plants. The second is to research on new plants species and do medical research on animals.第37頁/共81頁2. Why

15、is it easier to make commercial plant clones than animal clones? Cloning plants is straightforward, but the cloning of animals is very complicated.第38頁/共81頁3. What was the first clone from an adult animal? At what age did this clone die? 4. Why is cloning controversial in some countries? The first c

16、lone from an adult animal was Dolly the sheep. She died in 2003 at the age of 6 and a half.Cloning is controversial in some countries for moral and religious reasons.第39頁/共81頁P(yáng)roblems or dangers of cloningAdvantages of cloningAnimals may Develop the illnesses of older animals.2 Fill in the chart.Med

17、ical cloning could produce cures for serious illnesses in humans. 第40頁/共81頁Animal clones may die younger than the donor animalsEvil leader may want to clone themselves.There are moral objections to cloning human beings.Cloning plants can produce plants of similar quality for sale.Cloning plants can

18、be useful for research on new plant species.Cloning can help save endangered animals.第41頁/共81頁 I think the writer is because impartialhe/she does not state any personal opinion about cloning. 第42頁/共81頁第43頁/共81頁As a coin has two sides, everything has two aspects. First, if the cloning is used in a co

19、rrect way it can bring many conveniences to us. Such as: curing serious illnesses and being used to produce commercial qualities of plants. On the other hand, if the cloning is used in an evil way it can cause much troubles: such as moral questions.第44頁/共81頁P(yáng)ractice activity: Debate Are you in favor

20、 of cloning or against cloning? What is your point of view on it?第45頁/共81頁1. This happens in plants when gardeners take when twins identical in sex and 1) “when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones, when twins identical in是兩個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。是兩個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中從句的動(dòng)作可以與引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中從

21、句的動(dòng)作可以與主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可以先于主句的動(dòng)作。主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可以先于主句的動(dòng)作。Dont be afraid of asking for help _ it is needed. (03, 全國全國)A. unless B. since C. although D. whenD 第46頁/共81頁2) happen vi. occur by chance; take place (偶然地偶然地)發(fā)生發(fā)生; 出現(xiàn)出現(xiàn) happen to do happen to sb. It happened that happening n. 事件事件; 偶然發(fā)生的事偶然發(fā)生的事 (常用復(fù)數(shù)

22、常用復(fù)數(shù))辨析辨析: happen, occur, take place與與come about四詞都有四詞都有“發(fā)生發(fā)生”之意之意, 但有區(qū)別。但有區(qū)別。happen 是一般用語是一般用語, 詞義較廣詞義較廣, 強(qiáng)調(diào)事情強(qiáng)調(diào)事情 發(fā)生的偶然性發(fā)生的偶然性;occur 用法較正式用法較正式, 既可以指自然發(fā)生既可以指自然發(fā)生, 也也 可以指有意安排?？梢灾赣幸獍才?。碰碰巧巧(某人某人)發(fā)生什么事了發(fā)生什么事了碰巧碰巧第47頁/共81頁occurtake placecome abouthappenUse the above words to fill in the blanks.take pla

23、ce 一般指有計(jì)劃一般指有計(jì)劃, 按事先安排的按事先安排的 進(jìn)行的含義。進(jìn)行的含義。come about 往往注重事情發(fā)生的原因往往注重事情發(fā)生的原因, 常常 與與how 連用。連用。以上四組詞均為不及物動(dòng)詞以上四組詞均為不及物動(dòng)詞, 無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。第48頁/共81頁2. straightforward adj. 簡單的簡單的, 易懂的，易懂的， 坦誠的坦誠的, 坦率的坦率的straightforwardly adv. 率直地率直地, 坦誠地坦誠地straightforwardness n. 率直率直Jack is rough, but always straightforward.

24、 Installing the program is relatively straightforward.She admired his straightforwardness.第49頁/共81頁3. undertake vt. (undertook; undertaken) 著手做著手做, 從事從事, 進(jìn)行進(jìn)行; 擔(dān)任擔(dān)任, 承擔(dān)承擔(dān), 答應(yīng)答應(yīng), 同意。同意。The procedure is difficult to undertake, of course. 當(dāng)然當(dāng)然, 這個(gè)過程很難實(shí)施。這個(gè)過程很難實(shí)施。The scientist undertakes the experiment.

25、科學(xué)家從事這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)?？茖W(xué)家從事這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)。I can undertake the responsibility for the changes.我愿意承擔(dān)這些變革的責(zé)任。我愿意承擔(dān)這些變革的責(zé)任。第50頁/共81頁完成下列句子。完成下列句子。1) The lawyer _ a new case. 那個(gè)律師接了一個(gè)新的案子。那個(gè)律師接了一個(gè)新的案子。2) He will _ _ _ next month (去旅行去旅行).3) He _ _ _ _. (承擔(dān)一項(xiàng)新任務(wù)承擔(dān)一項(xiàng)新任務(wù))undertookundertook a new taskundertake a jorney第51頁/共81頁4.

26、 pay off (事業(yè)、計(jì)劃等事業(yè)、計(jì)劃等) 成功成功; 付清薪水并付清薪水并 解雇解雇; 償還償還(債務(wù)等債務(wù)等)。 At last the determination and patience of scientists paid off 最終科學(xué)家們的決心和耐心得到了回報(bào)最終科學(xué)家們的決心和耐心得到了回報(bào) He paid off the crew of the ship. 他付清全體船員的工資并將他們解雇。他付清全體船員的工資并將他們解雇。 In the end he paid off all his debts. 最終他還清了所有的債務(wù)。最終他還清了所有的債務(wù)。 pay back 報(bào)

27、答報(bào)答; 報(bào)復(fù)報(bào)復(fù)第52頁/共81頁offtobackoff第53頁/共81頁1) contain v. 包含包含, 含有含有2) needed to produce a new sheep 為過去分詞為過去分詞 短語作后置定語短語作后置定語, 修飾其前面的名詞修飾其前面的名詞 genes, 構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配關(guān)系。構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配關(guān)系。5. The nucleus of this cell contains all the genes needed to produce a new sheep. 這個(gè)細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞核含有生產(chǎn)一只新的綿羊的這個(gè)細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞核含有生產(chǎn)一只新的綿羊的 必需的基因。必需的基因。第5

28、4頁/共81頁containscontainsincluding第55頁/共81頁1) using electricity 為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作方式狀語。為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作方式狀語。2) 聯(lián)手聯(lián)手, 攜手?jǐn)y手 參加活動(dòng)參加活動(dòng) 和某人一起做事和某人一起做事 參軍參軍, 連起來連起來join handsjoin in sth. / doing sth join sb. in sth.join up第56頁/共81頁辨析辨析: take part in, join, join in 與與 attend第57頁/共81頁7. The fact that she seemed to develop norm

29、ally was very encouraging. 多莉看來是在正常地成長著多莉看來是在正常地成長著, 這很令人鼓舞。這很令人鼓舞。“that she seemed to develop normally”是同位語是同位語從句。從句。同位語從句可由同位語從句可由when/ where/ how/ why/that/ whether等詞引導(dǎo)。先行詞多半是等詞引導(dǎo)。先行詞多半是idea/ fact/ news/hope/ belief/ thought/ doubt/question等。等。同位語從句一般放在抽象名詞之后同位語從句一般放在抽象名詞之后, 用以說明用以說明抽象名詞的具體內(nèi)容抽象名詞

30、的具體內(nèi)容, 有時(shí)為了保持句子的有時(shí)為了保持句子的平衡平衡, 同位語從句還可以放在動(dòng)詞的后面。同位語從句還可以放在動(dòng)詞的后面。如如: Soon word came that we won. 第58頁/共81頁8. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 然后傳來了多莉病重的壞消息。然后傳來了多莉病重的壞消息。本句中本句中, 副詞副詞then放于句首放于句首, 主語是名詞主語是名詞“news”, “that Dolly had become seriously ill”是同位語是同位語從句從句, 句子用

31、了倒裝語序。句子用了倒裝語序。In the dark forests _, some large enough to hold several English towns. (05, 遼寧遼寧)A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakesC. many lakes lie D. many lakes standB 第59頁/共81頁 disturbing adj. The news from the front is very disturbing. 來自前線的消息令人極為不安。來自前線的消息令人極為不安。 disturb vt. 擾亂擾亂, 使不安使不安, 弄亂

32、弄亂; disturbed adj. 被擾亂的被擾亂的, 動(dòng)亂的動(dòng)亂的, 不安的；不安的； disturbing adj. 令人不安的。令人不安的。 特別提示特別提示: 現(xiàn)在分詞表示現(xiàn)在分詞表示: 令人怎么樣令人怎么樣 過去分詞表示過去分詞表示: 被使得怎么樣被使得怎么樣, 感到怎么樣感到怎么樣第60頁/共81頁用用disturb, disturbing, disturbed填空。填空。1) Im very _ about Alice.2) Dont _ the papers on my desk.3) This country is in a _ state.4) What _ news i

33、t is!5) A light wind _ the surface of the water. disturbeddisturbdisturbingdisturbingdisturbed第61頁/共81頁9. cast down 使沮喪使沮喪; 毀掉毀掉 (常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)或常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)或作表語作表語)Cloning Scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illness were more appropriate to a much older animal. 克隆科學(xué)家克隆科學(xué)家沮喪地沮喪地發(fā)現(xiàn)多莉的病發(fā)現(xiàn)多莉的病更容易在年老的羊身上。

34、更容易在年老的羊身上。不要這么沮喪不要這么沮喪, 打起精神來！打起精神來！Dont be so cast down. Just keep up your spirits.cast away 丟棄丟棄 cast off 放棄放棄; 丟棄丟棄cast out 趕走趕走第62頁/共81頁1) 聽到這個(gè)消息他很沮喪。聽到這個(gè)消息他很沮喪。 _2) 發(fā)現(xiàn)事情的真相使他很沮喪。發(fā)現(xiàn)事情的真相使他很沮喪。 _He was cast down to hear the news.Finding out the truth made him cast down.將下列句子譯成英語。將下列句子譯成英語。第63頁/共

35、81頁10. altogether 和和 all together 及及 together1) altogether adv. 總共總共, 完全地完全地, 總之總之, 總而言之總而言之You owe me 68 RMB altogether. Your work is altogether perfect.2) all together 全部在同一地方或同一時(shí)間全部在同一地方或同一時(shí)間Can you put your books all together in this box?3) together adv. 在一起在一起, 共同地共同地All his trouble seemed to c

36、ome together.Hes bad-tempered, selfish and _ an unpopular man.A. therefore B. altogether C. otherwise D. anyhowB 第64頁/共81頁11. object v. & objection n. 反對(duì)反對(duì), 不贊成不贊成On the other hand, Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.另一方面另一方面

37、, 多莉的出現(xiàn)引來了巨大的反對(duì)，激發(fā)多莉的出現(xiàn)引來了巨大的反對(duì)，激發(fā)了傳媒的熱炒和公眾的想像力。了傳媒的熱炒和公眾的想像力。I feel a strong objection to getting up early.我極不愿意早起。我極不愿意早起。Have you any objection to my opening the window?你反對(duì)我打開窗子嗎你反對(duì)我打開窗子嗎?第65頁/共81頁object vi.We object to being treated like this. 我們抗議這種待遇。我們抗議這種待遇。I object to the plan. 我反對(duì)這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。我反對(duì)這

38、項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。object vt.I object that he is too young to take that position. 我提出反對(duì)意見我提出反對(duì)意見: 他太年輕不適合那個(gè)職位。他太年輕不適合那個(gè)職位。object to (doing ) sth.object + that 從句從句objection 是名詞是名詞, 常與常與have, take, feel 等連用等連用have / take / feel objection to (doing )sth.第66頁/共81頁即時(shí)練習(xí)即時(shí)練習(xí): 句型轉(zhuǎn)換句型轉(zhuǎn)換(1) Have you any objection to my ope

39、ning the window? = Would you _ _ my opening the window?(2) take objection to smoking. = I _ _ smoking.(3) “But he is too young,” she argued. = She _ that he was too young.object toobject toobjected第67頁/共81頁12. It suddenly opened everyones eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illn

40、ess, and even to produce human beings. 突然每個(gè)人都看到了利用克隆技術(shù)治愈重病突然每個(gè)人都看到了利用克隆技術(shù)治愈重病, 甚至克隆出人的可能性。甚至克隆出人的可能性。本句中本句中of 和后面的動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成介詞短語作和后面的動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成介詞短語作定語定語, 修飾前面的名詞修飾前面的名詞 possibility. 注意介詞后出現(xiàn)動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)注意介詞后出現(xiàn)動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí), 一定要把握好動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)形式的變化。一定要把握好動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)形式的變化。第68頁/共81頁At the beginning of class, the no

41、ise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. (07, 全國全國II)A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closed D. to open and close C 解析解析 答案答案C。題意為。題意為: 開始上課時(shí)開始上課時(shí), 開關(guān)課桌的聲音開關(guān)課桌的聲音在教室外都能夠聽到。本題考查動(dòng)名詞的用法。在教室外都能夠聽到。本題考查動(dòng)名詞的用法。the noise 是句中主語是句中主語, of 后應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)后應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu), des

42、ks是邏輯主語是邏輯主語, 因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)椤罢n桌課桌”與與“開關(guān)開關(guān)”之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 故須用故須用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式 being opened and closed。第69頁/共81頁13. attain vt. 獲得獲得(尤其指經(jīng)過努力尤其指經(jīng)過努力)達(dá)到達(dá)到 (年齡年齡, 水平水平, 狀況等狀況等)He attianed success through hard work. He attained the age of 25 before marriaging. 比較：比較：obtain vt. (經(jīng)買經(jīng)買, 借借, 拿等拿等)獲得獲得, 得到某

43、物得到某物He always manages to obtain what he wants.Where can I obtain a copy of her latest books?第70頁/共81頁14. forbid vt. (forbade; forbidden)禁止禁止, 不許不許, 妨礙妨礙, 阻止阻止 Governments became nervous and many forbade research into human clothing. 政府開始感到不安政府開始感到不安, 有許多政府禁止對(duì)克隆的研究。有許多政府禁止對(duì)克隆的研究。Smoking should be fo

44、rbidden in public places.公共場所應(yīng)禁止吸煙。公共場所應(yīng)禁止吸煙。Her father forbid her to go out alone.她父親不許她單獨(dú)外出。她父親不許她單獨(dú)外出。I forbid you entering my study.我不許你進(jìn)入我的書房。我不許你進(jìn)入我的書房。第71頁/共81頁forbid sb. to do / forbid sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事禁止某人做某事forbid sth. 禁止某事禁止某事與與forbid 結(jié)構(gòu)相同的詞有：結(jié)構(gòu)相同的詞有：permit sb to do / permit doi

45、ng sth 允許某人做某事允許某人做某事/允許做某事；允許做某事；allow sb. to do / allow doing sth允許某人做某事允許某人做某事/允許做某事；允許做某事；advise sb. to do / advise doing sth. 建議某人做某事建議某人做某事/建議做某事建議做某事第72頁/共81頁1) The school _ _ _ _ _ (禁止學(xué)生吸煙禁止學(xué)生吸煙).2) He is forbidden to _ _ _ (進(jìn)入這個(gè)房間進(jìn)入這個(gè)房間).3) There are laws in some countries which forbid adve

46、rtisements _ at inappropriate times and places.A. being shown B. shown C. show D. to have shown4) At the conference he was forbidden _ the subject again.A. mentioning B. to mention C. mention D. mentionedforbids the students to smoke enter the roomA B 第73頁/共81頁15. accumulate vt. 收集收集, 聚集聚集, 堆積堆積Some countries such as China and the UK continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant me