初四復(fù)習(xí)--被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)導(dǎo)學(xué)案

1、The passive voice 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 導(dǎo)學(xué)案 一、英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系1.當(dāng)我們不知道或不必指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。Computers are widely used in transport.2. 或者只需強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。A third ring will be built around this city.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)V原/V-s/-esam/are/is +V.pp一般過(guò)去時(shí)v.過(guò)去式was/ were + V.pp一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/be going to + V.原will/ be g

2、oing to + be + V.pp進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)be +doingbe being +done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has +donehave/has been +done過(guò)去完成時(shí)had+donehad been +done情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+V原情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be +V.pp1 Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都舉行班會(huì)。2 The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那個(gè)男孩打碎了。3 A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一個(gè)演講。4 I thought thousands

3、 of people would be helped. 我認(rèn)為將有數(shù)千人得到幫助。 5 The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天這時(shí)，機(jī)器正在被修理。 6 The problem is being discussed now. 問(wèn)題正在被討論。7 Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到現(xiàn)在為止，已經(jīng)種了二百棵樹了8 She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)房子已經(jīng)被暴風(fēng)雨摧毀二、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的

4、方法：賓變主，主變賓（by+賓格），謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be“過(guò)分”（be +V過(guò)去分詞）We speak English.English is spoken by us賓變主 謂語(yǔ)（be+pp） 主變by+賓格三、做題步驟：1、找出賓語(yǔ) （變主語(yǔ)）2、判斷時(shí)態(tài) （be+done） 時(shí)態(tài)一致3、檢查三個(gè)一致性 句式一致 主謂一致主變by+賓格(放在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)之前)I must send this letter to his school soon.This letter must be sent to his school by me soon .做選擇題技巧：1.選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)被動(dòng)態(tài)優(yōu)先考慮被動(dòng)態(tài)。2.注意主語(yǔ)

5、與動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系：是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)3.happen、take place 沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。4.變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不能丟掉尾巴上的介詞,常用的有l(wèi)ook after, take care of, cut down, laugh at, talk about, turn on等 小試身手：一 選擇（ ）1. The computer _ in Japan in 2003 and I have had it for only a week . A. was made B. can be made C. is made D. made 2. Most of the work _ by the computer l

6、ast year . A . are done B. is done C. were done D. was done3. The students _ the books to the library on time .A. must return B. are returned C. must be returned D. must to return4. Can you tell me what _ last night ?A. happen B. was happened C. took place D. was taken place5. Dont worry. All the ch

7、ildren_ by the nurses. A. look after B. are looked after C. looked after D. are looked 二 用括號(hào)里的動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，然后把句子由主動(dòng)變成被動(dòng)： 1. Tom _(speak) English every day. English _ _ _ Tom every day.2. I_(clean) the windows yesterday. The windows _ _ _ _ yesterday.3. We_(必須完成) this work. This work _ _ _ by_ .4. They

8、_(play) football tomorrow. Football _ _ _ _ _tomorrow.5. _ they _(make) bikes in the factory in 1980? _ bikes _ in the factory _ _in 1980.三 雙賓語(yǔ)一人一物 ，物做主語(yǔ)人前加to或for(buy)。We gave him some books.Eg:人：He was given some books(by us). 物：Some books were given to him (by us) buy sb sth sb is bought sth sth i

9、s bought for sb把下列句子由主動(dòng)變成兩個(gè)被動(dòng)的句子：1.They gave him two books yesterday .He _ _ _ _ by them yesterday .Two books _ _ _ _by them yesterday.2.She bought me a football yesterday . I _ _ _ _ by her yesterday.A football _ _ _ _ by her yesterday.四 中考鏈接1People speak Japanese in Japan._ _ _ in Japan.2 Two year

10、s ago we used that machine to make shoes for children.Two years ago that machine_ _ _ _shoes for children3. You must throw the broken pottery away at once.The broken pottery_ _ _ _ at once.You must hand in your history homework by the weekend.Your history homework_ _ _ _ by the weekend.4. A neighbou

11、r helped to keep the dog. It _while we were on holiday.A. was taken care B. took care of C. is taken care of D. was taken care of 5. As usual , Meihua _at 6:00 this morning by her mother to get ready for school.A. has woken up B. woke up C. wakes up D. was woken up6. I think that bicycles_ for this

12、trip. It will be fun and good for our health.A. should use B. will use C. should be used D. will be able to use7 .-Excuse me , whats this for? -Its a cleaner and it _ to pick up dirt.A .uses B. is used C. is using D.used被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊情況：1. lock, open, shut, read, sell, wash, write等動(dòng)詞,用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)特征而不強(qiáng)調(diào)被執(zhí)行者的動(dòng)作

13、時(shí),用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。The door doesnt open easily. Bikes of that kind sell well.2 cost, last, break out, take place, happen等狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞及詞組,雖然有被動(dòng)意義,但要用主動(dòng)形式。如: The meeting lasted two hours.3 feel, look, sound, smell, taste, remain等系動(dòng)詞,用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。如: The dish smells delicious.4 need, want, require等動(dòng)詞以及形容詞worth后

14、面,常跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式,用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。如:This dictionary is well worth buying. The room needs cleaning.5不定式符號(hào)to在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不可省。其他形式不變。（如be found doing /be asked to do）The boss made him work overtime.He was made to work overtime. (其他 如be seen /heard +to do)6 表示客觀說(shuō)明的特殊句式須記住。 It is said that another steel plant will be se

15、t up in this city.It is hoped that 希望It is supposed that 據(jù)推測(cè)It must be pointed out that 必須指出It is known that 據(jù)說(shuō)It is well known that 眾所周知It is believed that 大家相信It is thought that 人們認(rèn)為課堂反饋：一 主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)1 He made me do that for him. I _ _ _ that for him.2.I have given this book to the library. This book _ _ _ to the library.3.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? _ a bridge _ here by them a year ago?4 You needn't do it now. It _ _ _ by you now.二 完成句子1. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.2. That play _(put) on again sometime