英式英語與美式英語詞匯的區(qū)別

1、英式英語和美式英語詞匯的區(qū)別1.正書法:英式英語受法語影響較大前為英式,后為美式.例詞均為英式英語形-our/-or: colour, labour, flavour, humour,但表示動作施行者的-or英美同形-re/-er: centre, theatre(美式英語中可表示劇場), metre-nce/-nse: defence, offence-ise, -isation/-ize, -ization: organisation, recognise,但在英國的牛津大學(xué)出版社用的是-ize-ae, -oe/-e: encyclopaedia, foetus-lled, -lling,

2、 -ller/-led, -ling, -ler: traveller, signalling-l/-ll: instalment, skilful等元音+l+輔音的情況cheque/check:僅在表示”支票”時grey/gray:灰色kerb/curbmould/mold:霉,霉菌pyjamas/pajamasstorey/story:層,樓層sulphur/sulfurtyre/tireyoghurt, yogurt/yogurt2.詞匯前為英式,中間為通用(括號中表示多用于某方),后為美式horse riding/-/horseback ridingsweets/-/candyabse

3、il/-/rappeladvert/advertisement/-:廣告-/aerial(英)/antenna:天線aeroplane/-/airplaneAlright?, Alright mate?/Hi!/Whats up?alsatian/German shepherd(美)/-:謝潑德犬a(chǎn)mber/yellow/-:(交通信號燈上的)黃燈answerphone/answering machine/-:電話留言機anticlockwise/-/counterclockwise:逆時針aubergine/-/eggplant:茄子arse/-/ass:屁股-/autumn/fall:秋天

4、aye(蘇格蘭)/yeah, yes/-balaclava/-/ski mask:面罩,滑雪面罩banger(俗)/old car/-:老爺車banger/firecracker/-:爆竹banger/sausage/-:英式香腸note, banknote/banknote(美語罕用)/bill:紙幣bap/bread roll/-bap(俗)/breasts/-/barbecue/grill:烤肉,露天烤肉bath/bathtub/-:浴缸bedsit/-/single room occupancy:單人房biro/ball point pen/-:圓珠筆bloke/guy/-boiler

5、/-/furnace:供暖鍋爐bonnet/-/hood:汽車前蓋boot/-/trunkbraces/-/suspenders:(吊帶褲的)吊帶building society/-/savings and loan associationbum bag/-/fanny pack:腰包bus station, coach station/-/bus terminal:公交總站burgle/-/burglarize:入室盜竊campsite/-/campground:宿營地,露營場camping pitch/-/campsite:支帳篷的地方candy floss/-/cotton candy:

6、棉花糖caravan/-/travel trailer:拖掛式房車railway carriage, carriage, coach/-/railroad car, car:客車(車廂)casualty, accident and emergency, A&E/emergency department/emergency roomcatapult/-/slingshot:(小型)彈弓car park/-/parking lot, parking garagecashpoint, cash machine, hole-in-the-wall/ATM:自動取(存)款機central res

7、ervation/-/median strip:中央隔離帶canteen/-/cafeterialcinema/-/movie theater, theater:電影院cheers/thanks/-:(語氣較輕的)謝謝chemist/pharmacy/drugstore:藥店chips/french fries, fries/-:炸薯條,炸土豆條cling film/-/plastic wrap:食品保鮮膜,食品包裝膜coach/-/bus:城際觀光巴士cooker/-/stove, range:(烹調(diào)用的)灶coriander, coriander leaves/-/cilantro:香菜c

8、orn/grain/-:谷物,糧食cornflour/-/cornstarch:玉米粉,玉米淀粉corner shop/-/general store:小賣部,小雜貨店cot/-/crib(cot表示簡易折疊床):嬰兒床cotton bud/-/cotton swab:棉簽,棉棒courgette/-/zucchini:西葫蘆crisps/-/potato chips:薯片,土豆片cul-de-sac/dead end/-:盲路,死胡同CV(curriculum vitae)/-/résumé:簡歷,履歷drawing pin/-/thumbtack:圖釘driving l

9、icence/-/drivers license:駕駛證,駕駛執(zhí)照(注意拼寫)dressing gown/-/bathrobedual carriageway/-/divided highway:(有中央隔離帶的)干線道路dummy/-/pacifier:(嬰兒含的)奶嘴duvet, quilt, bedspread/-/comforter:床罩,被罩dustbin, bin/-/wastebasket, trash can:垃圾箱electric fire/electric heater/space heaterengaged/busy/-:(對方)通話中,正在通話entrée,

10、starter/first course, appetizer/-:前菜-/main course/entrée:主菜council estate, estate/housing project:住宅區(qū),住宅小區(qū)industrial estate, estate/industrial park:工業(yè)區(qū),工業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū)estate agent/-/realtor:不動產(chǎn)商estate car/-/station wagonex-directory/-/unlisted number:未記入電話號碼簿的號碼fag(俗)/-/Nicotiana tabacum:煙草fizzy drink/ca

11、rbonated soft drink/sodaflannel/facecloth/washclothflat/-/apartmentflyover/-/overpass:立交橋,立體交叉點fringe/-/bangsfortnight(14+night)/two weeks/-:兩周,兩個星期football/-/soccer:足球frying pan(skillet為方言)/frying pan/skillet:平底鍋full stop/-/period:句點,終止符garage, petrol station/-/gas station:加油站gobsmacked(俗)/astonish

12、ed/-goods/freight, cargo/-:貨物grass(俗), supergrass(俗)/informant/stool pigeon(俗):密告者grill/-/broil(grill指的是露天烤肉)grotty(俗)/dirty/-greengrocer/-/-:蔬菜店guard/conductor/-:列車長hard shoulder/-/breakdown lane:(硬)路肩hash, hash mark, hash sign/number sign/pound sign:井號,#Have you got?/Do you have?(美)/-headmaster, h

13、eadmistress/-/principal:校長high street/main street/-:商業(yè)街hire purchase, instalment plan/-/installment plan:割賦販賣hob/-/cooktop, range:灶(的上表面)holiday/holiday(指節(jié)日)/vacation:休假,假期旅行How no?(蘇格蘭)/Why not?/-Hoover(商標(biāo))/vacuum cleaner/-:吸塵器indicator/-/blinker, turn signal:轉(zhuǎn)向燈,方向指示燈inverted commas/quotation mark

14、s/-:引號-/police car/patrol car:警車jelly/-/jell-O(商標(biāo)), gelatin dessert:果凍jam/-/jelly:(果凍狀的)果醬jumble sale/-/rummage sale:(學(xué)校,教會等街區(qū)性的)拍賣jumper, pullover/sweater(美)/-:毛衣lass(蘇格蘭), bird(俗)/girl/chick(俗)laundrette/-/laundromat:(投幣式)洗衣店letter box, postbox/-/mailbox:(收信用的)郵箱,信箱lift/-/elevator:(箱式)電梯loch(蘇格蘭)/

15、lake/-:湖,峽灣loo, bogs(俗), khazi(俗)/toilet/restroom:衛(wèi)生間,廁所lorry/truck/-:卡車lounge, sitting room/living room/-:起居室mackintosh, mac/raincoat/-:雨衣,雨披mains, mains electricity/-/household power, domestic power, line power, grid power:商用電源mate/-/pal, buddy, budmaths/mathematics/math:數(shù)學(xué)managing director, MD/ch

16、ief executive officer, CEO/-:行政總裁,最高管理者Happy Christmas!/Merry Christmas!/-mince, minced meat/-/ground meat:肉醬,肉沫mobile phone/-/cell phone:手機,移動電話motorway/-/freeway, expressway:高速公路motor car/car/automobile:汽車nappy/-/diaper:尿布,尿片newsagent/-/newsdealer:報刊亭,雜貨店news reader/-/news anchor, newscaster:新聞播報員

17、,播音員nick(俗)/-/-:警察局;逮捕;盜竊notice board/-/bulletin board:公告欄,布告欄number plate/registration plate/license plate:車牌OAP(old age pensioner)/elderly/senior citizen:高齡者,老人off-licence/-/liquor store:販酒店Oi!/Hey!/-:(打招呼的)喂!pavement/-/sidewalk:人行道pedestrian crossing, zebra crossing, pelican crossing/-/crosswalk:

18、人行橫道,斑馬線peg, clothes peg/-/clothes-pin:晾衣夾petrol/-/gas, gasoline:汽油postbox, pillar box/-/mailbox:(寄信時的)郵筒-/pissed(俗)/loaded(俗), wasted(俗):醉了,喝醉了-/pissed off(俗)/pissed(俗)pisshead(俗)/-/takeout:酒豪,千杯不倒的人pissing it down(俗)/pissing down(俗)/-:大雨,下大雨plaster/-/Band-aid(商標(biāo)):創(chuàng)可帖plaster/orthopedic cast, cast/-

19、:(石膏)繃帶P&P(posting and packing)/-/S&H(shipping and handling):(物品的)郵資,郵費to post/to send/to mail:郵寄,投遞postcode/-/postalcode(常用), zipcode:郵政編碼poste restante/-/general delivery(poste restante僅用于國際郵件):(郵件的)滯留power cut/-/power outage:停電pram/-/baby buggy:(廂型)嬰兒車press-up/push-up/-:俯臥撐provisional lic

20、ence/-/learners permit:臨時駕駛執(zhí)照,練習(xí)駕駛執(zhí)照pudding/dessert/-:(餐后)甜點purse/coin purse/-:(女性用的)零錢錢包,小錢包-/handbag/purse:手袋,手包pushchair, buggy/-/stroller:(椅型)嬰兒車pylon/-/transmission tower, mast:輸電鐵塔queue/-/line:(等待的)隊,隊列quite/fairly/pretty:相當(dāng),很quid(俗)/-/-:(英)鎊railway/-/railroad:鐵路,鐵道rat-arsed(俗)/-/-:爛醉redundanc

21、y/layoff/-:解雇rev counter/-/tachometerreverse charge call/-/collect call:對方付費電話the River (Thames)/-/the (Colorado) Riverroundabout/-/rotary, traffic circle:環(huán)島(式交叉點)roundabout/merry-go-round, carousel/-:旋轉(zhuǎn)木馬rozzer, copper, filth, pigs(俗)/cop/-:警官rubber/eraser(美)/-:橡皮(擦)rubbish/-/garbage, trashsanitary

22、 towel/-/sanitary napkin:衛(wèi)生巾Sellotape(商標(biāo))/cellophane tape/scotch tape:透明膠帶serviette/table napkin/-:餐巾set square/-/triangle:三角尺,三角板silencer/-/mufflershop/-/store(shop指小型商店):商店shop assistant/shop worker/salesclerkshopping trolley/-/shopping cartskint(俗)/broke(俗)/-sleet/-/-:霙,介于雨夾雪和凍雨之間的一種天氣現(xiàn)象-/-/sleet

23、:凍雨spanner/-/wrench:扳手spring onion/-/scallion:大蔥squaddie(俗)/-/G.I.(俗):士兵squash/cordial/-:(加水稀釋后飲用的)果汁飲料sultana/-/raisin:葡萄干summat(俗)/something/-swede/-/rutabaga:蕪菁takeaway/-/to go:(將剛購買的食品帶走的)外賣tannoy(商標(biāo))/PA system, loudspeaker/-:擴音裝置,PAtap/-/faucet:水龍頭tea/dinner, supper/-:晚餐tea(一部分地區(qū)), dinner/-/lunch:一天里最為充實的一頓飯(也可能是午餐)tea towel/dish towel/-telephone box/telephone booth(美