高中英語(yǔ)Unit19LANGUAGE難句.剖析.拓展北師大版選修

1、難句·剖析·拓展1. It was predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.早在18世紀(jì)，就預(yù)測(cè)到英語(yǔ)有一天將會(huì)成為全球性語(yǔ)言，在最近幾十里，這一點(diǎn)得到了證明。剖析 本句中it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。拓展 為了避免頭重腳輕，常常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正主語(yǔ)放在后面。常用的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：1）it過(guò)去分詞從句It is

2、 predicted that. . . 據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)It is said that. . . 據(jù)說(shuō)It is believed that. . . 大家相信It is reported that. . . 據(jù)報(bào)道2）it is形容詞從句It is natural that. . . 很自然It is strange that. . . 奇怪的是2. Some respected theories on language acquisition believe that to attain a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign langu

3、age, you need to be surrounded by it.一些備受尊崇的語(yǔ)言習(xí)得理論認(rèn)為，要想達(dá)到高水平的外語(yǔ)流利程度和準(zhǔn)確性，你得置身于該語(yǔ)言的環(huán)境中。剖析 1）本句中that引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句。2）to attain a high level是不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。拓展 1）引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有:連詞that(在口語(yǔ)中that?？墒÷?, if, whether；連接代詞who, whom, whose, which；連接副詞when, where, how, why。2)過(guò)去分詞在句子中作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句，單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞位于被修飾的名詞前面，過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定

4、語(yǔ)，常位于被修飾的名詞后面。除了過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，作后置定語(yǔ)的短語(yǔ)還有現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)和形容詞短語(yǔ)等。3. What this means is that they make sure there is an adequate amount of input in English conveyed to the students through various mediums.這就意味著，他們要確保通過(guò)多種方式給學(xué)生足夠的英語(yǔ)輸入量。剖析 這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，What this means是主句, that引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句。conveyed to the students through v

5、arious mediums是過(guò)去分詞用作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾an adequate amount of input.拓展 conveyed to sb. 向某人傳達(dá)、表達(dá)某事或某種表情。如：I want to convey to my students that reading is the most important in learning a foreign language. 我想告訴學(xué)生們，讀是學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)中最重要的。4. This can take the form of reading and listening materials which must be of the highes

6、t quality.足夠量的語(yǔ)言輸入可以以高質(zhì)量的閱讀和聽(tīng)力材料的形式呈現(xiàn)。剖析 1）這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，This can take the form of reading and listening materials是主句, which引導(dǎo)的是限制性定語(yǔ)從句。2）take the form / take a form of“以的形式出現(xiàn)、存在”。如：A typical training programme takes the form of a series of workshops. 一種典型的培訓(xùn)方案是以系列研討的形式出現(xiàn)的。拓展 在定語(yǔ)從句中that, which, who, who

7、se名詞常作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，whom只能作表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，where常作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when常作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。5. You would probably think that the father was congratulating his son on doing something well.你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為父親在祝賀兒子某事做得好。剖析 這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，You would probably think是主句, that引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句。 congratulate on意為“祝賀，向道賀”，介詞on后常接動(dòng)名詞。拓展 動(dòng)名詞常作on, about, after, against, at, bef

8、ore, besides, by, for, from, in, since, without等介詞的賓語(yǔ)。如：He never complained about being sent to work far away.他從不抱怨被派到遠(yuǎn)方工作。Besides knowing English, he is fluent in German.他除了懂英語(yǔ), 還能流利地說(shuō)德語(yǔ)。6. It is a language without words that consists of gestures, facial expressions and body movements that greatly

9、add to and sometimes even replace spoken language.這是一種沒(méi)有詞語(yǔ)，由手勢(shì)、面部表情和身體動(dòng)作組成的語(yǔ)言，它極大地豐富了有時(shí)甚至取代了口頭語(yǔ)言。剖析 1）這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，It is a language without words是主句, it指上文中的body language；that consists of gestures, facial expressions and body movements是定語(yǔ)從句, 修飾language。2）consist of 由組成，由構(gòu)成。如：The delegation consisted of

10、 ten teachers and fifty students. 代表團(tuán)由10名教師和50名學(xué)生組成。拓展 it作主語(yǔ)具有下面的意義：1）it指上文提到的人、物和事情。2）it表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、天氣、距離等。3）it用于構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。7. Body language can therefore make peoples feelings more transparent as although we can lie with words, it is not as easy to do so with our bodies.因此，身體語(yǔ)言能夠使人們的感情表露得更清晰，因?yàn)楸M管我們能夠用語(yǔ)言撒謊

11、，但是，用身體語(yǔ)言來(lái)撒謊不那么容易。剖析 這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句， Body language can therefore make peoples feelings more transparent是主句，as引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語(yǔ)從句。拓展 because, since, as和for的區(qū)別：1） because語(yǔ)勢(shì)最強(qiáng)，用來(lái)說(shuō)明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問(wèn)題，是句子中的重要部分，常放在句末。2）當(dāng)原因是顯而易見(jiàn)的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。3）for是并列連詞，表示對(duì)多種情況加以推斷。8. Learning to be aware of your body language can be a very useful tool.學(xué)會(huì)意識(shí)到你的身體語(yǔ)言可以是一種非常有用的工具。剖析 本句中l(wèi)earning to be aware of your body language是主語(yǔ)。9. Regardless of these differences, experts agree that across the globe there is one form of body language that receives universal approvalthe smile.盡管存在著這些不同，世界各地的專家們卻一致認(rèn)為有一種身體語(yǔ)言得到普遍的認(rèn)同，那就是微笑。