常見錯(cuò)誤--動(dòng)詞精品資料

1、中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)常見錯(cuò)誤- 動(dòng)詞誤She laid down and soon fell asleep.正She lay down and soon fell asleep.析考試中常出現(xiàn)的是易混動(dòng)詞 lay 放， lie 躺， lie 說(shuō)謊。它們的過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞變化如下：lay ( 放 ) laid， laid ， laying (及物動(dòng)詞 )lie ( 躺 ) lay ， lain ， lying (不及物動(dòng)詞 )lie ( 說(shuō)謊 ) lied ， lied ， lying誤Please rise your hand.正Please raise your hand.析rise是不

2、及物動(dòng)詞，其后不能接賓語(yǔ)，如：The sun rises in the east.而 raise是及物動(dòng)詞。誤I like to swim very much, but I don't like swimming this afternoon.正I like swimming very much, but I don't like to swim this afternoon.析 like 作為 " 喜歡 " 講時(shí)，可以接動(dòng)名詞也可以接不定式，但接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)多表達(dá)一種習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。而接不定式則側(cè)重于表達(dá)一次性、特殊性的動(dòng)作。但要注意的是 like 與 would

3、 連用時(shí)則一定要接不定式，如： Would you like to go with me? 再有一點(diǎn)要注意的是，like作為介詞 " 像 " 講時(shí)，只能用分詞作其賓語(yǔ)。誤Stop! Did you listen to a strange voice?正Stop! Did you hear a strange voice?析hear的側(cè)重點(diǎn)是聽到、聽見什么，而listen to的側(cè)重點(diǎn)為聽的傾向，如：listen!Do you hear someone calling help?這樣的詞還有l(wèi)ook 與 see 。它們的側(cè)重點(diǎn)也不同，look重于 " 看 "

4、; 的傾向，而see 重于看見沒(méi)看見。誤Did you watch some film recently?正Did you see some film recently?析英語(yǔ)中 see看電視和看球賽。與 watch各有不同的用處，see用于看電影、劇目，而watch用作誤Look. A beautiful lamp hanged from the ceiling.正Look. A beautiful lamp hung from the ceiling.析hang有兩個(gè)含義，" 掛 " ，它的過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去分詞是hung這時(shí)它是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞則為hanged，

5、 hanged。，hung; "絞刑 "，誤How long can I borrow this book?正How long can I keep this book?析 " 借" 在英文中有三個(gè)詞， 借入，即 borrow,the library? 借出，如： I can lend my bike to you.如：May I borrow some books from 借多久要用keep,因?yàn)閎orrow與lend都是截止性動(dòng)詞，而keep是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 如How long can I keepit?誤We have won your class

6、.正We have beaten your class.析win是及物動(dòng)詞，其后面的賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)是比賽、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、獎(jiǎng)品、獎(jiǎng)金。而應(yīng)是人、隊(duì)、班級(jí)等等，如：We won the game.beat的賓語(yǔ)，誤I left my key.正I forgot my key.正I left my key at home.析leave是 " 丟下 " ，其后一定要接地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，而forget其后不要接地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。誤Oh! It's raining outside. Please bring the rain coat with you.正Oh! It's raining outsid

7、e. Please take this rain coat with you.析bring為 " 帶來(lái) " 如： Next time bring your little sister here.而 take為 " 帶走 " ，fetch為 " 去某處取什么回來(lái)" ，如： Please fetch some coffee for us要熟記的是在初中課文中與take有關(guān)的詞組，如： takeaway拿走 take back收回 takedown取下 takeoff脫下take out 拿出 take place發(fā)生 take hold

8、of拿住 take part in參加take a seat坐下 take one's place替代take a look看看 take one's turn輪流 take amessage捎信 take careof照看take it easy別著急 take one's time慢慢來(lái) take one's temperature測(cè)量體溫誤 The policeman reached his gun.正 The policeman reached for his gun.析 reach作 " 到達(dá) " 講時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，如：I reach

9、ed the hotel at 830 但作 "伸手去拿 " ，則要用 reach for something。作為 " 到達(dá) " 講時(shí)還有 arrive (in+大地方 )(at 較小的地方 ) 和 get to.要注意的是與get 有關(guān)的詞組有： get back回來(lái) get in 收割 get into進(jìn)入 get off下車 get on 上車 get out出去 get up起床get to 到達(dá)get ready for=be ready for get on well with與人相處融洽get加比較級(jí)為變得如何，例如：get colder

10、 and colder.誤This dictionary spent me five dollars.正This dictionary cost me five dollars.析英文中的 " 花費(fèi) " 有 4 個(gè) spend, cost, take和 pay, 其中 spend與 pay 所在句中的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為人，如： I spent two hours in doing my homework. I paid five dallars for the book.而 cost 與 take的主語(yǔ)則是事物，如：It takes me two years to finish th

11、is book.誤In summer I always sleep with the windows opened.正In summer I always sleep with the windows open.正I always sleep with the windows closed.析要注意open是動(dòng)詞也是形容詞，而close則要用其過(guò)去分詞作形容詞。誤Please wait a minute. I'm having on my clothes.正Please wait a minute. I'm putting on my clothes.析 英語(yǔ)中的穿衣服要分狀態(tài)

12、，是什么樣的穿著打扮，還是穿衣服的動(dòng)作兩類動(dòng)詞。表示穿著狀態(tài)的詞有have on, wear, 在用法上have on不宜用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，它多用一般時(shí)態(tài)，如： She has on a new school dress.而 wear則多用進(jìn)行時(shí)來(lái)表示狀態(tài)，如：She iswearing a new sweater. 在表示動(dòng)作的詞中put on是常用的一詞。dress用作動(dòng)詞當(dāng) " 穿衣 " 講時(shí)其后賓語(yǔ)不應(yīng)接衣物，而要接人，如：My children were very young they couldn't dress themselves.在表示穿著狀態(tài)時(shí)用其過(guò)去

13、分詞當(dāng)形容詞，如：He is dressed in white.誤My computer can't begin. Could you find someone to help me?正My computer can't start. Could you find someone to help me?析 begin 與 start 均可指 " 開始 " ，而且常常可以互換， 如：School begins (starts) at 8 a. m. 但是在兩種情況下不宜用 begin 而要用 start, 當(dāng)作機(jī)器開動(dòng)、發(fā)動(dòng)講，如： My car can

14、9;t start. There must be something wrong with it. 作為 " 旅途開始 " 講，如： We should have to start early. There was a lot of traffic on the road.誤I'm very glad because I have founded my lost key.正I'm very glad because I have found my lost key.析find是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，它的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞是found, found，而 found又是另外

15、一詞 " 建立 " ，它是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞是founded founded,如： The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.誤Please. Let's speak in English.正Please. Let's speak English.正Please. Let's talk in English.誤Can you speak it English?正Can you say it in English?析 英文中 " 說(shuō) " 有 4 個(gè)常用詞s

16、ay, tell, speak, talk.其中不及物動(dòng)詞有speak和 talk ，如： I want to talk with you.We are talking about the new film.而 speak其后接語(yǔ)言時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，其他情況是不及物動(dòng)詞。say與 tell 是及物動(dòng)詞，其中tell 常用雙賓語(yǔ)，如： Tell us a story.但用于講實(shí)話或謊話時(shí)也用單賓語(yǔ)。如：Tell the truth.誤Can you say Japanese from Chinese?正Can you tell Japanese from Chinese?析tellfrom 為固定詞

17、組，即分辨兩者的不同。誤Excuse me, did I step on your foot?正Oh, sorry, did I step on your foot?析excuseme 用于未打擾對(duì)方前，以提醒對(duì)方注意的用語(yǔ)，而sorry則是由于自己已做的事向?qū)Ψ降狼?。誤Would you care for to swim with us?正Would you care to swim with us?析care for后接不定式時(shí)，要省略for , 或換用名詞，如：Would you care for a cupof tea. care for作 " 照顧 " 講時(shí)與 l

18、ook after相同。在初中階段學(xué)習(xí)與for 有關(guān)的詞組有：ask for請(qǐng)求call for接人，請(qǐng)人care for關(guān)心go in for從事answer for負(fù)責(zé)look for尋找wait for等待send for請(qǐng)人pay for付款search for尋找leave for去某地prepare for準(zhǔn)備thank somebody for something為某事向某人道謝。誤Are you understanding it? Yes, I got to it.正Do you understand it? Yes, I got it.析understand這一詞沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)

19、，如同感觀動(dòng)詞love 、 hate I got it是美語(yǔ)，即 I understood it。要記住 get 作為 " 到達(dá) " 講時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞，如： I'll get to the school at 8 a. m.to屬于come to蘇醒point to (at)初中范圍常用與指著 get toto到達(dá)有關(guān)的動(dòng)詞詞組如下：refer to談到stick tobelong堅(jiān)持lead to導(dǎo)致turn to翻到look forward to期望agree to同意誤The meat has gone badly.正The meat has gone bad

20、.析 英語(yǔ)中 go, get, become, turn 作為轉(zhuǎn)變時(shí)，其后接形容詞，這時(shí)這些動(dòng)詞應(yīng)被看作系動(dòng)詞。誤The teacher said the earth moved around the sun.正The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.析 如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)從句可以是任何時(shí)態(tài)。如果是過(guò)去時(shí)，則賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)與之呼應(yīng)。但地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)是不隨時(shí)間而變化的客觀事實(shí)，所以還應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表達(dá)。誤I'll come to see you as soon as I'll be back.正I&#

21、39;ll come to see you as soon as I am back.析 在狀語(yǔ)從句中要用一般時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)，如：I should tell him when he came back.誤I want to know whether you come to my party tomorrow or not.正I want to know whether you will come to my party tomorrow or not.析在賓語(yǔ)從句中則要用將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。 要注意的是如果賓語(yǔ)從句中仍有狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，依然要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)，如： I want to know

22、 if it rains tomorrow you'll come here or not.誤What did you do at eight last night?正What were you doing at eight last night?析在描述過(guò)去某一具體時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或從某時(shí)到某時(shí)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作要用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，如： I was washing clothes from eight till noon last Sunday誤 My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn't go with them,

23、because I have seen it before.正 My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn't go with them because I had seen it before.析現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)的相同之處是其動(dòng)作均開始于過(guò)去的某一點(diǎn)，它的差別在于該動(dòng)作是截止到什么時(shí)候。如動(dòng)作截止到現(xiàn)在用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如動(dòng)作截止到過(guò)去，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如：I've learnt English for three years.(到現(xiàn)在為止 ) 又如：Before I went to college,I had le

24、arnt English for three years.( 動(dòng)作截止到上大學(xué)那時(shí)，即截止于過(guò)去)誤 I'm feeling well now.正 I feel well now.析瞬間動(dòng)詞有些無(wú)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，它們是：表示思維狀態(tài)的詞：believe,feel, forget,imagine, know, mean, need, prefer, remember , understand, want表示感情的動(dòng)詞： care, like, do like, love, mind, hate, fear表示狀態(tài)的詞： belong,own感觀動(dòng)詞：feel, hear, see ， smel

25、l, taste誤When have you done this work?正When did you do this work?析when提問(wèn)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)不可用于完成時(shí)態(tài)的問(wèn)句中。誤This is our new English teacher. He has gone to many foreign countries.正This is our new English teacher. He has been to many foreign countries.析have gone to是到某地去了，此人現(xiàn)在不在這里。have been to是到過(guò)某地，現(xiàn)在此人在說(shuō)話現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。誤I have

26、 borrowed this book for two weeks.正I have kept this book for two weeks.析截止性動(dòng)詞有完成時(shí)態(tài)，但不可和與表達(dá)一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：When I gotto the cinema the film had begun.但要講When I got to the cinema the film had be on for five minutes這樣的用法還有buy,join, die,如： I bought this book yesterday.我昨天買的這本書。I have had this book for two

27、 days.這本書我已買了兩天了。I joined the club two years ago.兩年前我加入了這個(gè)俱樂(lè)部。I have been in this club for two years.我加入這個(gè)俱樂(lè)部已兩年了。My father died five years ago.我父親是5 年前去世的。My father has been dead for five years.我父親已去世5 年了。誤Have you understood the lessons?正Do you understand the lessons?析有些動(dòng)詞不易用完成時(shí)態(tài)，它們是understand, think, believe, know (知道 )誤It was said that the Second World War had broken out in 1939.誤It was said that the Second World War was broken out in 1939. 正 It was said that th