小升初英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總

1、 【小學(xué)英語(yǔ)】小升初英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總內(nèi)容提要： 名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則 1.一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則1.一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watch

2、es3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

3、二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，也可表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或主語(yǔ)具備的性格和能力。2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，沒有be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)的肯定句，動(dòng)詞要按規(guī)則加上s，主語(yǔ)是非第三人稱單數(shù)的肯定句，動(dòng)詞用原形。3.在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，句中有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，否定句在be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not，一般疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在句首。 4.在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，句中沒有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)的否定句在動(dòng)詞前加does+not (doesnt)，一般疑問(wèn)句在句首加does，句子中原有動(dòng)詞用原形;主語(yǔ)為非第三人稱單數(shù)，否定句用do+not (dont)，一般疑問(wèn)句在句首

4、加do，句子中動(dòng)詞用原形。動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則1.一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2 .以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing.3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到

5、句首。動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1.一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting3.如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping四、be going to1.be going to 表示將要發(fā)生的事或打算、計(jì)劃、決定要做的事情。2.肯定句：be going to +動(dòng)詞原形，如：Jim is going to play football. 否定句：be not going to +動(dòng)詞原形，如：Jim is not

6、going to play football. 一般疑問(wèn)句：把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首，如：Is Jim going to play football? 特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原形?如：What is Jim going to do? 疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)：疑問(wèn)詞+be+going to+動(dòng)詞原形?如：Who is going to play football?五、一般過(guò)去時(shí)1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。一般過(guò)去時(shí)也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作感謝。2.Be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化：am 和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。(w

7、as not=wasnt)are在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。(were not=werent)帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問(wèn)的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問(wèn)句把was或were調(diào)到句首。3.句中沒有be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子否定句：didnt +動(dòng)詞原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑問(wèn)句：在句首加did，句子中的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形?如： What did Jim do yesterday? 疑問(wèn)

8、詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)：疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式?如：Who went to home yesterday?動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則：1.一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2.結(jié)尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3.末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i，再加-ed，如：study-studied5.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式： am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-w

9、ent, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat（二）小升初英語(yǔ)詞類：動(dòng)詞、名詞和形容詞不太容易區(qū)分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：先用“一(量詞)”(如：一個(gè)、一張等)和這個(gè)詞連起來(lái)說(shuō)，如說(shuō)得通，一般認(rèn)為是名詞;說(shuō)不通再用“很”去判斷，就是把“很”

10、和為個(gè)詞連起來(lái)說(shuō)，說(shuō)得通一般就是形容詞;都說(shuō)不通就是動(dòng)詞。(目前我們學(xué)過(guò)的，以后可能不同)(另外一些很明顯的，如人稱代詞、數(shù)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等一下就可以知道)1、動(dòng)詞這里所說(shuō)的動(dòng)詞是指各種動(dòng)詞總稱，其中包括行為動(dòng)詞(就是我們平時(shí)總說(shuō)的那種動(dòng)詞)、be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。(1)行為動(dòng)詞就是我們平時(shí)上課時(shí)說(shuō)的動(dòng)詞，表示某一動(dòng)作或行為。如：sweep、live等。行為動(dòng)詞我們已學(xué)過(guò)它們的四種形式：原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing，具體判斷方法如下：有，就加ing讀句子讀該單詞認(rèn)識(shí)該單詞理解意思看有無(wú)be動(dòng)詞(若是be going to 就用原形)沒有，再看情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有，就用原形有，就加ed沒有，再看有無(wú)表示

11、過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)就加s或es沒有，再看主語(yǔ)不是第三人稱單數(shù)就用原形(2)be動(dòng)詞a、Am-was Is -was Are-were 口訣：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有復(fù)數(shù)全用are。b、肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.c、一般疑問(wèn)句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are they

12、 American? Yes, they are. No, they arent. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.我們現(xiàn)在學(xué)過(guò)的be動(dòng)詞大致分兩類：is、am、are為一類，一般用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)中，was和were為另一類，一般用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)。判斷步驟：第一、三人稱單數(shù)，就用was有，再看人稱第二人稱單數(shù)和所有復(fù)數(shù)，就用were看有無(wú)表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)第一人稱單數(shù)，就用am沒有，再看人稱第三人稱單數(shù)，就有is第二人稱單數(shù)和所有復(fù)數(shù)，就用are(3)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也是一類特殊的動(dòng)詞，平時(shí)我們不把它說(shuō)成是動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以和

13、行為動(dòng)詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)句子中。我們現(xiàn)在學(xué)過(guò)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can、must、should、would、may。接觸最多的是can。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后動(dòng)詞總是用原形。(不受其他任何條件影響)2、名詞表示某一事物，有具體的和抽象的之分。判斷的關(guān)鍵詞往往是be動(dòng)詞，be動(dòng)詞如果是am、is或was，名詞就用原形;be動(dòng)詞如果是are或were，名詞就加s或es。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)兩點(diǎn)：不可數(shù)名詞都默認(rèn)為單數(shù)，所以總是用is或者was;最好不要根據(jù)some、any、a lot of等詞去作判斷，以免受誤導(dǎo)。如何加后綴：a.一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed

14、-bedsb.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watchesc.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberriesd.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knivese.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-f

15、eet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese判斷步驟：如是am、is或was原形讀句子讀該單詞認(rèn)識(shí)該單詞理解意思看be動(dòng)詞如是are或were加s或es3、形容詞(包括副詞)形容詞表示某一事物或的特征，副詞表示某一動(dòng)作的特征。形容詞和副詞只有兩種形式：原形和+er。未作比較的情況下就用原形，比較時(shí)就+er。兩個(gè)重要特征：asas中間一定用原形，有than的時(shí)候一定+er。4、人稱代詞和物主代詞人稱代詞物主代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格形容詞性(短)名詞性(長(zhǎng))形容詞性(短)名詞

16、性(長(zhǎng))第一人稱 I me we us my mine our ours第二人稱 you you you you your yours your yours第三人稱 he him they them his his their theirsshe her her hersit it its its人稱代詞：有主格和賓格之分。一般動(dòng)詞前用主格，動(dòng)詞后用賓格。物主代詞：有兩類：形容詞性物主代詞(短的)和名詞性物主代詞(長(zhǎng)的)一般看后面有沒有名詞，如有，就用形容詞性物主代詞(短的);如無(wú)，就用名詞性物主代詞(長(zhǎng)的)。5、數(shù)量詞我們學(xué)過(guò)兩類：基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)用于表示數(shù)量多少，而基數(shù)詞用于表示次序，

17、常在日期中出現(xiàn)。6、冠詞有a、an、the。a和an有具體的意思，一(個(gè))，the沒有具體意思，有時(shí)翻譯為這、那。確定用a、an還是the時(shí)可根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思。a和an的區(qū)別：an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前，a用于輔音音素前。一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“輔音字母 y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families,

18、 strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives Leafleaves5不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,child-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)I _him _this _her _watch _child _photo _diar

19、y _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _peach_ sandwich _dish_bus_man_ woman_二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹【No. 1】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：I get up at six every day.我天天六點(diǎn)起床。3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成1. be動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ) be(am,is,are

20、) 其它。如：I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。2.行為動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ) 行為動(dòng)詞( 其它)。如：We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she,it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)?！綨o. 2】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化1. be動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句：主語(yǔ) be not 其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑問(wèn)句：Be 主語(yǔ) 其它。如：-Are you a student?-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.非凡疑問(wèn)

21、句：疑問(wèn)詞 一般疑問(wèn)句。如：Where is my bike?2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句：主語(yǔ) don't( doesn't ) 動(dòng)詞原形( 其它)。如：I don't like bread.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如：He doesn't often play.一般疑問(wèn)句：Do( Does ) 主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞原形 其它。如：- Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。如：- Does she go t

22、o work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.動(dòng)詞 s的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“輔音字母 y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專練:一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _come_

23、watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_ do_ teach_wash_二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?7. _ your parents _(

24、read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _(like) cooking.12. They _(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always _(do) your homework w

25、ell.15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE.18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term.20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)

26、或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be 動(dòng)詞ing.3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的非凡疑問(wèn)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問(wèn)詞不達(dá)意 be 主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞ing?但疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問(wèn)詞不達(dá)意 be 動(dòng)詞ing?動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting3假如末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

27、：一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play_ run_ swim _make_go_ like_ write_ _ski_read_ have_ sing _ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_live_ take_ come _ get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What

28、_ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .四、將來(lái)時(shí)理論及練習(xí)一、概念：表示

29、將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或預(yù)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be going to do；will do.三、否定句：在be動(dòng)詞（am, is, are）l后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not成wont。例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、同義句：be going to =

30、willI am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.練習(xí)：填空。1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.2.我們將要學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)We _ _ _ learn English.We _ learn English.五、一般過(guò)去時(shí)1一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。一般過(guò)去時(shí)也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2Be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變

31、化：am 和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。（was not=wasnt）are在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。（were not=werent）3句中沒有be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子否定句：didnt 動(dòng)詞原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday.動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則：1一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如：work_-worked , cook-cooked2結(jié)尾是e加d，如：live_lived3末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“輔音字母 y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i， 再加-ed，如：study-studie

32、d5不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式：am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式isam_ plant_ are _drink_ play_ go_ make _does_ dan

33、ce_ worry_ ask _taste_ eat_ put _kick_ pass_ do _Be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)（1）Name _ No. _ Date _一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ at school just now.2. He _ at the camp last week.3. We _ students two years ago.4. They _ on the farm a moment ago.5. Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year.6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday.7. There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8. The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening.一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ an English teacher now.2. She _ happy yesterday.3. They _ glad to see each other last month.行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)（2）Name _ No. _ Date _一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ (watch) a cartoo