英美文學(xué)導(dǎo)讀

1、PoetrySonnet 18 Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st; Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st. So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this , and this gives life to thee.選自（Sonnet 18）作者William Shakespeare威廉

2、83;莎士比亞 eternal lines：the eternal beauty brought forth by poetry to the one he loves這首詩表達(dá)了：1.praise the power of artistic creation 2a profound.meditation on destructive power of time and the eternal beauty of poem.From Paradise LostAll is not lost; the unconquerable will,And study of revenge, immort

3、al hate,And courage never to submit or yield:And what is else not to be overcome? .To wage by force or guile eternal warIrreconcilable, to our grand foe選自（Paradise Lost失樂園1667）作者John Milton約翰·彌爾頓代表作還有（Paradise Regained復(fù)樂園1671和Samson Agonistes力士參孫1671）失樂園取材于舊約·圣經(jīng)(the old testament)All is no

4、t lost: unconquerable will, revenge, immortal hate, courage never to submit or yield.eternal war: pull down the god from his thronegrand foe: godI Wandered Lonely as a Cloud-William Wordsworth(威廉·華茲華斯)I wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high o'er vales and hills,When all at once I sa

5、w a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils;Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.continuous as the stars that shineand twinkle on the milky way,they stretched in never-ending linealong the margin of a bay.Ten thousand saw I at a glance,tossing their heads in springhtly d

6、ance.The waves beside them danced; but theyout-did the sparkling waves in glee:a poet could not but be gay,in such a jocund company:I gazed-and gazed-but little thoughtwhat wealth the show to me had brought:For oft, when on my couch I liein vacant or in pensive mood,they flash upon that inward eyewh

7、ich is the bliss of solitude;and then my heart with pleasure fills,and dances with the daffodils.該詩體現(xiàn)了是個(gè)應(yīng)描寫“平靜中回憶起來的感情”（Emotion recollected in tranquility）這一詩學(xué)理論。William Wordsworth(威廉·華茲華斯)：1978年他同柯勒律治合作出版了有名的抒情歌謠集（Lyrical Ballads），該詩第二版的序被認(rèn)為是英國(guó)浪漫主義（1798-1832）的宣言。1843年被封為“桂冠詩人”。浪漫主義時(shí)期：歌頌愛情和自然，對(duì)

8、現(xiàn)實(shí)消極的態(tài)度Ode to the West Wind O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing, Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red, Pestilence-stricken multitudes:O thou Who chariltest to their dark wintry b

9、ed The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low, . Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere; Destroyer and preserver; hear, oh, hear! Thou on whose stream, 'mid the steep sky's commotion, Loose clouds like earth's decaying leaves are shedd, Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Oc

10、ean, Black rain, and fire , and hail will burst :oh, hear! . And tremble and despoil themselves: oh, hear! . I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed! A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowed One too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud. ; Be through my lips to unawakened earth The trumpet

11、of a prophecy! O Wind, If Winter comes , can Spring be far behind?作者Percy Bysshe Shelley波西·比希·雪萊，西風(fēng)頌3個(gè)地方on the earth , in the sky, on the seaWild Spirit：west wind Destroyer and preserver：destroy the old things,I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!:If Winter comes , can Spring be far beh

12、ind?:這首詩的結(jié)構(gòu)：詩歌每節(jié)有14行五音步詩行，每節(jié)可獨(dú)立成為一首十四行詩，前三節(jié)的末尾均以“oh，hear”結(jié)尾，既在形式上把不同詩節(jié)貫串起來，又在語氣上使詩節(jié)之間相互照應(yīng)。在論自然認(rèn)真的重要性最后一句的理解：,名詞解釋Code hero：The Code Hero is typically an individualist and free-willed. Although he believes in the ideals of courage and honor he has his own set of morals and principles based on his bel

13、iefs in honor, courage and endurance. A code hero never shows emotions; showing emotions and having a commitment to women shows weakness. Qualities such as bravery, adventuresome and travel also define the Code Herocode hero， is one who， wounded but strong more sensitive， enjoys the pleasures of lif

14、e （sex， alcohol， sport） in face of ruin and death， and maintains， through some notion of a code， an ideal of himself.2> barnes in the sun also Rises， Henry in a Farewell to arms and Santiago in the old man and the sea are typical of Hemingway Code HeroInternational theme：the works tell the differ

15、ences between England and America，it is international. The presentative works are Herny James，which is in his early times.Local colorism is the detailed representation in prose fiction of the setting dialect customs dress and ways of thinking and feeling which are distinctive of a particular region.

16、Imagism :Imagism came into being in Britain and U.S around 1910 as a reaction to the traditional English poetry to express the sense of fragmentation and dislocation.2>the imagists， with Ezra Pound leading the way， hold that the most effective means to express these momentary impressions is throu

17、gh the use of one dominant image.3>imagism is characterized by the following three poetic principles：A. direct treatment of subject matter；B. economy of expression；C. as regards rhythm， to compose in the sequence of the musical phrase， not in the sequence of metronome.4> pounds In a Station of

18、 the Metro is a well-known imagist poem.“Renaissance”:The word “Renaissance”means “rebirth”， it meant the reintroduction into westerm Europe of the full cultural heritage of Greece and Rome.2>the essence of the Renaissance is Humanism. Attitudes and feelings which had been characteristic of the 1

19、4th and 15th centuries persisted well down into the era of Humanism and reformation.3> the real mainstream of the english Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama with william shakespeare being the leading dramatist.a revival or rebirth of the artistic and scientific revival which originated in Italy

20、 in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. It has two features: a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature and keen interest in activities of humanity.the stream of consciousness is a contiunously flow of sense-perception ,thoghts, feelings ,and memories in the human mind ,or

21、 literatury method of representing a blending mental process in fiction characters,usually an unpuntuated or disjionted form of interior monologueit is a literary technique that presents the thoughts and feelings of a character as they occur without any clarification by the author. It is a narrative

22、 mode. The “stream of consciousness” is a psychological term indicating “the flux of conscious and subconscious thoughts and impressions moving in the mind at any given time independently of the persons will”簡(jiǎn)答題 哈克貝里·費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記環(huán)境：It tells a story about the US before the Civil War(1861-1865),about 18

23、50,when the great Mississippi River was still being settled. On both sides of Mississippi River , there was unpopulated wilderness and a dense forest. Here lies an America, with its great national faults, full of violence , even cruelty, yet still retaining some virtues , some simplicity ,some innoc

24、ence , and some peace.語言：the combination of human and staire Strong epoch flavor The usage of south American dialect and the fist person· 人物：Huckleberry Finn, a boy about thirteen or fourteen. He has been brought up by his father, the town drunk, and has a hard time fitting into society.·

25、Widow Douglas is the kind old lady who has taken him in after he and Tom come into some money. She tries her best to civilize Huck, believing it is her Christian duty.· The widows sister, a tough old spinster called Miss Watson, also lives with them. She is pretty hard on Huck, causing him to r

26、esent her a good deal. Samuel Clemens may have drawn inspiration for her from several people he knew in his life.4· Jim, the widow's big, mild-mannered slave to whom Huck becomes very close in the novel.· Tom Sawyer, Hucks friend, the main character of other Twain novels and the leader

27、 of the town boys in adventures, is "the best fighter and the smartest kid in town".4100字梗概：Huck, a poor boy with a drunken bum a father, as a result of his adventure, gained quite a bit of money and was adopted by a respectable family. Huck dislikes his new life of cleanliness, manners, c

28、hurch, and school. However, he sticks it out in order to take part in Toms new “robbers gang.”Later Hucks brutish, drunken father reappears in town and demands Hucks money. He hangs around town for several months, harassing his son. Finally, he kidnaps Huck and holds him in a cabin. Huck escapes by

29、faking his own death, killing a pig and spreading its blood all over the cabin. Later the slave Jim joined his escape because his owner is thinking of selling him down the river to the deep South of harsher slavery . They float on a raft down the majestic Mississippi, but are sunk by a steamboat, se

30、parated, and later reunited. They go through many comical and dangerous adventures. In the end, it is discovered that Miss Watson had already freed Jim, and a respectable family offers to adopt Huck. But Huck grows impatient with civilized society and plans to escape to "the territories" -

31、 Indian lands. 傲慢與偏見：伊麗莎白的性格分析：intelligent，lively，attractive，witty（she says that she just marries a person she loves）brave（when lady Catherine ask her not to receive Darcys proposal，she dared to refuse her）trust people easily(she trustsWickham and regards Darcy as a bad man, whats more, she shows mo

32、re prejudices to Darcy. )三種婚姻模式:Lidyia&Wickham（based on passion and appearance） Elizabeth&Darcy(based on true love and Comprehension） Charlotte&Collins(their marriage is based on financial benefits.They are compromise with reality)及作者對(duì)此的態(tài)度：Marriage should be based on true love and compre

33、hension.老人與海硬漢的性格特征：A man with great determination courage and confidence獻(xiàn)給艾米麗的一朵玫瑰主題： “racial discrimination” “womens self identity”Memory and the Past ."A Rose for Emily." Spanning approximately 74 years, this short story spins backwards and forwards in time like memory, and shows a sout

34、hern town torn between the present and the past. Post-Civil War and Pre-Civil Rights, "A Rose for Emily" shows us an American South in limbo, trying desperately, with each generation, to find a better way, a way which honors the good of the past, while coming to terms with its evils. "

35、; Alive, Miss Emily had been a tradition,a duty,and a care; a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town dating from that day in 1894."Emily is described here as an object, a thing passed on from generation to generation. Visions of America. The second paragraph of the first section of "A

36、 Rose for Emily" gives us all the clues we need to find out what the story is saying about America.The story shows how difficult it was for southern people to deal with the new America represented by the Emancipation Proclamation.Versions of Reality What we confront is the reality of America in

37、 the story, and the reality of the main character's complete isolation.This story shows how much things have changed since Miss Emily's time, how different our reality is from that of the characters in the story.Compassion and Forgiveness. Compassion and Forgiveness" is another major th

38、eme that we can find in almost any Faulkner story. The story can seem downright cruel, the characters wholly unsympathetic, and the plot gross. When we begin to see the magnitude of the tragedy, and its impact on multiple generations, we understand the story is a call for understanding. The story seems to argue that forgiveness, compassion, and understanding can only come by facing the facts of the past a