系動詞用法PowerPoint 演示文稿

1、定義定義 系動詞，亦稱連系動詞（系動詞，亦稱連系動詞（Link Verb）。作）。作為系動詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨用為系動詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語，亦稱補語（形作謂語，后邊必須跟表語，亦稱補語（形容詞），構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、容詞），構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。性質(zhì)、特征等情況。 分類分類: 狀態(tài)系動詞狀態(tài)系動詞; 持續(xù)系動詞持續(xù)系動詞; 表像系動詞表像系動詞 感官系動詞感官系動詞; 變化系動詞變化系動詞; 終止系動詞終止系動詞 1狀態(tài)系動詞狀態(tài)系動詞 be 用來表示主語性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，只有用來表示主語性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，只有be一詞一詞 He is

2、 a teacher. He is ill. (表示主語的狀態(tài)表示主語的狀態(tài)) 連系動詞連系動詞 be 后根據(jù)情況可自由地接不定式作后根據(jù)情況可自由地接不定式作表語：表語： My dream is to be a scientist. All you have to do is to listen. 2表像系動詞表像系動詞 用來表示用來表示“看起來像看起來像”這一概念，主要有這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：例如： He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad. She appears 18. But in fact, she

3、is already 28.3持續(xù)系動詞持續(xù)系動詞 用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, continue. 例如：例如： He always kept silent at meeting. This matter remains a mystery. It continued/ remained rainy for days. He stood quite still, except his lips moved slightly. The snow lay thick on t

4、he ground.4 注意：注意：(1)表示表示“仍然處于原來的狀態(tài)仍然處于原來的狀態(tài)”時，時，remain和和stay可以互換，例如：可以互換，例如： Three of them remained/ stayed single. Shops should remain/ stay open till later in the evening. The door stayed/ remained closed. But the police themselves prefer to stay/ remain unarmed. 5 (2)表示表示“需要設(shè)法才能保持某種狀態(tài)需要設(shè)法才能保持某種狀

5、態(tài)”時，時，可用可用keep和和stay. 后常接的形容詞有后常接的形容詞有 calm, clean, awake, young, warm, fine等等. 例如：例如： She knew she must keep/ stay calm. Although they have many difficulties, they keep happy. Paul managed to keep/ stay awake by drinking lots of strong black coffee. 6感官系動詞感官系動詞 感官系動詞主要有感官系動詞主要有feel, smell, sound, t

6、aste, look. 例如：例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet. The music sounds nice. The fish tastes good.7變化系動詞變化系動詞 這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，變化系動詞主要有這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，變化系動詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. go和和come 是一對相反的詞是一對相反的詞. go+ adj.表示令人不愉快的表示令人不愉快的事事; come+ adj.表示好

7、的事情表示好的事情,還可以接前綴還可以接前綴un-的過去分的過去分詞作表語，表示變化的情況。詞作表語，表示變化的情況。 go blind/ mad/ hungry/ bad come true/ right/ clear/ dear/ unstuck/ untied His dream to be a pilot has come true. My shoelaces have come undone. She went blind at the age of 8.8 run后接后接 short, dry, low, deep等形容詞等形容詞,主語為主語為流動性的或能消耗掉的東西。流動性的或能

8、消耗掉的東西。 Their money was running short. The well has run dry. 但表語為但表語為wild時時,主語是人主語是人; run wild(放蕩不羈）放蕩不羈） Dont let the children run wild. grow常指逐漸的變化常指逐漸的變化,表示身高、歲數(shù)的增長。表示身高、歲數(shù)的增長。 My little brother has grown much taller in the past year. She grew thinner and thinner. Soon the sky grew light.9 turn表示

9、表示“變得變得”,指變?yōu)榕c原先不同的情況指變?yōu)榕c原先不同的情況,通通常指顏色和天氣等變化。常指顏色和天氣等變化。 The weather suddenly turned much colder. Her face turned blue with fear. She turned teacher after graduation. get “變成變成,變得變得起來起來”,后可接形容詞后可接形容詞,分詞分詞,介介詞短語詞短語;接不定式時表示接不定式時表示“由不由不變得變得”. The days are getting longer and longer. He got excited about

10、 it. My watch gets out of order.10 fall接接asleep, silent, quiet等靜態(tài)形容詞和表等靜態(tài)形容詞和表示疾病的形容詞，但不能接形容詞的比較級。示疾病的形容詞，但不能接形容詞的比較級。 While I was doing my homework, my little sister fell asleep. She fell ill from cold. The naughty boy fell silent suddenly. fall apart(散開散開) fall flat (沒效果沒效果)11 become “變成變成;變?yōu)樽優(yōu)椤?好

11、壞均可好壞均可),語氣正式語氣正式,且不能用于將來時態(tài)且不能用于將來時態(tài),強調(diào)結(jié)果強調(diào)結(jié)果.表人的身體狀表人的身體狀況況,情緒情緒,天氣和社會變化時可與天氣和社會變化時可與get互換使用互換使用. He became a lawyer. I became/ got interested in math. He became/ got angry with me. I hope you will become/ get well.12 注意：注意：1. become, turn, go, get, fall后面能接名詞后面能接名詞作表語作表語,其他則不能其他則不能. turn和和go后面的名詞不帶冠后面的名詞不帶冠詞。詞。 His dream has become/ got a reality. He has turned scientist. She has gone artist. He fell an victim to cancer. 2. 表變化的系動詞用于進行時態(tài)時，表示逐漸的表變化的系動詞用于進行時態(tài)時，表示逐漸的變化。變化。 The days are getting/ becoming longer and longer. She is growing to be more and more like her mother.13終止系動詞終