被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法和主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句PowerPoint 演示文稿

1、Passive Voice (2)Passive Voice (2)By Grace Wong By Grace Wong From From ShifosiShifosi Junior High Junior High SchoolSchool12被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法 歌訣：歌訣： 誰做的動(dòng)作不知道，誰做的動(dòng)作不知道， 說出誰做的沒必要；說出誰做的沒必要； 動(dòng)作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào)，動(dòng)作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào)， 被動(dòng)語態(tài)運(yùn)用到。被動(dòng)語態(tài)運(yùn)用到。22021-12-18被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法 (1)(1)不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。 例如：例如：som

2、e new computers were stolen some new computers were stolen last night. last night. 一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。( (不不知道電腦是誰偷的知道電腦是誰偷的) ) This book was published in 1981.This book was published in 1981.這本書這本書出版于出版于19811981年。（沒有必要或說出出版者）年。（沒有必要或說出出版者）32021-12-18被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法 (2)(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承

3、受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。者。 例如：例如：The window was broken by mike.The window was broken by mike.窗窗戶是邁克打破的。戶是邁克打破的。 This book was written by Lu This book was written by Lu XunXun. .這這本書是本書是魯迅魯迅寫的。寫的。 The dinosaur eggs were found in the The dinosaur eggs were found in the GebiGebi Desert in the 1960s. Desert in th

4、e 1960s. 那些恐龍蛋是那些恐龍蛋是2020世紀(jì)世紀(jì)6060年代在戈壁灘上被發(fā)現(xiàn)的。年代在戈壁灘上被發(fā)現(xiàn)的。42021-12-18被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法 (3) (3) 為了更好地安排句子。為了更好地安排句子。 例例：The well-known person got on the The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by bus and was immediately recognized by people. people. （一個(gè)主語就夠了）（一個(gè)主語就夠了） (4) (4)

5、在傳遞命令或要求的時(shí)候，為了緩和語氣，在傳遞命令或要求的時(shí)候，為了緩和語氣，通常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)讓聽者感覺此事對(duì)事不對(duì)人。通常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)讓聽者感覺此事對(duì)事不對(duì)人。 例：例： The books cant be taken out of the The books cant be taken out of the reading room. reading room. （書不能被拿出閱覽室。）（書不能被拿出閱覽室。）52021-12-18主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句 (1)(1)把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。 (2)(2)把謂語變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)把謂語變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(

6、be(be過去分詞過去分詞) ) ( (根據(jù)被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子里的根據(jù)被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中以及原來主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來決來決定定bebe的形式的形式) )。 (3)(3)把主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞把主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞byby之后作之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。賓語，將主格改為賓格。62021-12-18變化：變化：示例示例The boy broke the glass.The glass was broken by the boy.從主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)從主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)1.1.主語主語 介詞介詞by by 賓語賓語2.2.謂語

7、謂語 加加be,be,并變?yōu)檫^去分詞并變?yōu)檫^去分詞3.3.賓語賓語 主語主語72021-12-18主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句 主動(dòng)句：主動(dòng)句： 主語主語 + + 謂語謂語 + + 賓語賓語。 （執(zhí)行者）（執(zhí)行者） （承受者）（承受者） 被動(dòng)句：被動(dòng)句： 主語主語 + + 謂語謂語 + + byby + +賓語賓語。 （承受者）（承受者）（be+donebe+done） （執(zhí)行者）（執(zhí)行者） All the peopleAll the people laughed at laughed at him.him. HeHe was laughed at was laughed at by all

8、the peopleby all the people. . 82021-12-18主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句 （1 1） WeWe must finish must finish this work this work soon. soon. This work This work must be finished soon.must be finished soon. （2 2） TomTom has locked has locked the doorthe door. . The door The door has been locked by has been locked by

9、Tom.Tom. （3 3）TheyThey clean the classroom every day. clean the classroom every day. The classroom The classroom is cleaned every day. is cleaned every day. 92021-12-18主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句需要注意的問題主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句需要注意的問題 （1 1）時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。）時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。 I I have repairedhave repaired my computer. my computer. My computer My computer h

10、as been repairedhas been repaired. . （2 2）有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的）有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語動(dòng)詞短語動(dòng)詞，如，如“動(dòng)動(dòng)詞介詞詞介詞”，“動(dòng)詞副詞動(dòng)詞副詞”等，也可以用于等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。 例例 All the peopleAll the people laughed at laughed at him.him. HeHe was laughed at was laughed at by all the peopleby

11、 all the people. . 102021-12-18主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句需要注意的問題主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句需要注意的問題 （3 3）帶雙賓語的句子有兩種改法帶雙賓語的句子有兩種改法: : 一般情況下一般情況下把指人的間接賓語作為被動(dòng)句的主語把指人的間接賓語作為被動(dòng)句的主語. .當(dāng)把指物當(dāng)把指物的直接賓語作為主語時(shí)，要加介詞的直接賓語作為主語時(shí)，要加介詞to,forto,for Vivian gave me a book.Vivian gave me a book. ( (雙賓語，人間物雙賓語，人間物直，直， me me為間接賓語，為間接賓語，a book a book 為直接賓語為直接賓語) )

12、 - I was given a book by Vivian.- I was given a book by Vivian. -A book was given -A book was given toto me by Vivian. me by Vivian.（直接賓語提前時(shí)，要在間接賓語前加介詞直接賓語提前時(shí)，要在間接賓語前加介詞）112021-12-18主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句需要注意的問題主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句需要注意的問題 （3 3）帶雙賓語的句子有兩種改法帶雙賓語的句子有兩種改法: : 一般情況下一般情況下把指人的賓語作為被動(dòng)句的主語把指人的賓語作為被動(dòng)句的主語. .當(dāng)把直接賓語當(dāng)把直接賓語物作為

13、主語時(shí)，要加介詞物作為主語時(shí)，要加介詞to,forto,for 主動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語主動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語 + +謂語謂語+ +間接賓語（人）間接賓語（人）+ +直接賓語（物）直接賓語（物） 被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)：（：（1 1）主語主語+ +謂語謂語+ + 直接賓語（物）直接賓語（物）+ by + + by + 賓語。賓語。 （原間接賓語人）（原間接賓語人）（be done be done ） （2 2）主語主語+ +謂語謂語+ to/for+ to/for+間接賓語（人）間接賓語（人）+ by + + by + 賓語。賓語。 （原直接賓語物）（原直接賓語物）（be done be done ）122021-1

14、2-18pass, show, send 此類動(dòng)詞有：此類動(dòng)詞有：buy如如：givebe given to 此類動(dòng)詞還有：此類動(dòng)詞還有：Sb give sb1 sth. Sb 1 be given sth by sb.Sth be given to sb1 by sb. My father gave me a new book . Sb buy sb1 sth. Sb 1 be bought sth by sb.Sth be bought for sb1 by sb. My father bought me a new book . 132021-12-18主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句需要注意的問題主動(dòng)句

15、變被動(dòng)句需要注意的問題 （4 4）主動(dòng)語態(tài)若有復(fù)合賓語，（即句子結(jié)構(gòu)為）主動(dòng)語態(tài)若有復(fù)合賓語，（即句子結(jié)構(gòu)為主及物動(dòng)詞賓賓補(bǔ)），將主動(dòng)句的賓語變主及物動(dòng)詞賓賓補(bǔ)），將主動(dòng)句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語，賓補(bǔ)為被動(dòng)句的主語，賓補(bǔ)形式形式不變不變，但在被動(dòng)句中，但在被動(dòng)句中稱為主語補(bǔ)足語稱為主語補(bǔ)足語。 They call him They call him Louis.Louis. He is called He is called LouisLouis. . Our teacher often asks us Our teacher often asks us to be carefulto be

16、careful. . We are often asked We are often asked to be careful to be careful by by our teacher. our teacher. 142021-12-18主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句需要注意的問題主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句需要注意的問題 (5)(5)如果主動(dòng)句是含復(fù)合賓語的句子，如果主動(dòng)句是含復(fù)合賓語的句子，即句子結(jié)即句子結(jié)構(gòu)為主及物動(dòng)詞賓賓補(bǔ)構(gòu)為主及物動(dòng)詞賓賓補(bǔ)，主動(dòng)語態(tài)句中動(dòng)主動(dòng)語態(tài)句中動(dòng)詞詞make, let(make, let(使使sbsb做做sthsth), notice, see. watch, ), notice, s

17、ee. watch, look at, look at, hear, listen to, feelhear, listen to, feel等等，后面接，后面接的是省略的是省略toto的不定式在做賓語補(bǔ)足語，則的不定式在做賓語補(bǔ)足語，則變成被變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，后面的不定式需要加上動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，后面的不定式需要加上to. to. Mr. Lee made him Mr. Lee made him washwash the dishes. the dishes. -He was made -He was made to wash to wash the dishes.the dishes.152021

18、-12-18主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句需要注意的問題主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句需要注意的問題 We often see him go for a walk by the river. He is often seen to go for a walk by the river. Make sb do sth be made to do sth See sb do sth be seen to do sth. Hear sb do sth be heard to do sth Watch sb do sth be watched to do sth162021-12-18see / hear sb. do sthbe

19、seen / heard to do sthsee / hear sb. doing sth.be seen / heard doing sth.make sb.do sth.be made to do sth.主動(dòng)主動(dòng): :被動(dòng)被動(dòng): :主動(dòng)主動(dòng): :被動(dòng)被動(dòng): :主動(dòng)主動(dòng): :被動(dòng)被動(dòng): :172021-12-18主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句需要注意的問題主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句需要注意的問題(6) It is said that+(6) It is said that+從句及其他類似句型從句及其他類似句型一些表示一些表示“據(jù)說據(jù)說”或或“相信相信”的動(dòng)詞如的動(dòng)詞如believe, consider, expec

20、t, believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, thinkreport, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型等可以用于句型 “It “Itbebe過去分詞過去分詞thatthat從句從句” 或或“主語主語bebe過去分詞過去分詞to do to do sthsth.”.”。有：。有：It is said that It is said that 據(jù)說據(jù)說, , It is reported that It is reported that據(jù)報(bào)道，據(jù)報(bào)道， It is believed that It is believe

21、d that大家相信，大家相信， It is hoped that It is hoped that大家希望，大家希望， It is well known that It is well known that眾所周知，眾所周知， It is thought that It is thought that大家認(rèn)為，大家認(rèn)為， It is suggested that It is suggested that據(jù)建議。據(jù)建議。例例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. It is said that the boy has pass

22、ed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national exam. The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）182021-12-18常見的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：常見的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)： （1 1）.be covered with .be covered with 被被覆蓋覆蓋 （2 2）.be made of .be made of 由由制作（發(fā)生物理變化）制作（發(fā)生物理變化） be made from be made from 由由制作（發(fā)生化學(xué)變化）制作（發(fā)生化學(xué)變化）

23、be made in be made in 在（某地）制造在（某地）制造 be made by be made by 被（某人）制造被（某人）制造 3 3）be used forbe used for被用來被用來 be used as be used as 被當(dāng)作被當(dāng)作( (作為作為)來使用來使用 be used to do sth be used to do sth被用來做某事被用來做某事 （4 4）.It is said that .It is said that 據(jù)說據(jù)說 It is reported / believed that It is reported / believed t

24、hat 據(jù)報(bào)道據(jù)報(bào)道/ /據(jù)認(rèn)為據(jù)認(rèn)為 It is hoped that It is hoped that 人們?nèi)藗兿ＭＭ?It is well known that It is well known that 眾所周知眾所周知192021-12-181. The man _ clean the toilet because he _ rubbish when the police walked past the park. A. was made; was seen to throw B. was made to; was seen throwing C. made; saw練 習(xí)2020

25、21-12-189. Children should _. A. take good care of B. be taken good care C. be taken good care of固定短語的被動(dòng)不要丟掉后面的固定短語的被動(dòng)不要丟掉后面的介詞或副詞介詞或副詞練 習(xí)212021-12-18二、常見語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換二、常見語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換（一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。（一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。練習(xí)練習(xí)1。請(qǐng)將下列主動(dòng)語態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。請(qǐng)將下列主動(dòng)語態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.Lucy bought some fruit. Some fruit _ _ _ Lucy.2.Uncle Wan

26、g waters the flowers every day. The flowers _ _ _ Uncle Wang every day.3.Did they build the bridge in 1998? _ the bridge _ in 1998?4.When did Lu Xun write these books?When _these books _ _ Lu Xun?5.The farmers dont grow apples on the farm.Apples _ _ on the farm.6.They didnt clean the classroom yeste

27、rday.The classroom _ _ yesterday.小結(jié)：小結(jié)：1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換，在、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換，在be+過去分詞中，確定過去分詞中，確定_ 是關(guān)鍵，是關(guān)鍵，_永不永不變。變。2、Be的時(shí)態(tài)由的時(shí)態(tài)由_確定；確定；be的單的單/復(fù)數(shù)由復(fù)數(shù)由_確定。確定。3、問句提前、問句提前_; 否定否定_后加后加not.was bought by are watered byWasbuiltwere written by arent grownwasnt cleanedbe 形形過去分詞過去分詞主動(dòng)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)時(shí)態(tài) 被動(dòng)主語被動(dòng)主語be動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞be222021-12-18(二）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。二）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的