小學英語語法復習要點

1、小學英語語法復習要點（一）名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞有單復數(shù)，不可數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)。一、不可數(shù)名詞：小學英語常見不可數(shù)名詞有：1、集合名詞：food, fruit, money, traffic.2、液態(tài)物質(zhì)：water, coffee, tea, milk, soup.3、固態(tài)物質(zhì)：ice, butter, meat, glass, paper, wood, cotton, wool.4、氣態(tài)物質(zhì)：vapour， air, smoke.5、顆粒物質(zhì)：rice, chalk, gress, hair, peper, salt, sand, suger, wheat, flour, c

2、orn.6、抽象名詞：beauty, fun, health, help, luck, sleep, time, news, homework, work7、語言：Chinese， English, 8、科學領(lǐng)域：mathematice, science.9、球類：football, basketball, baseball, soccer, chess, table tennis, tennis你還知道我們學過的不可數(shù)名詞還有： 二、名詞復數(shù)規(guī)則（同第三人稱單數(shù)后動詞+s或+ es的變化一樣）1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed

3、-beds-2以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches-3以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries-4以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives leaf-leaves life-lives-5. 以o結(jié)尾，有些+es,如：potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes, hero-heroes- 有些+s, 如：zoo-zoos, vidio-

4、vidios, photo-photos, piano-pianos-6不規(guī)則名詞復數(shù)：如：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, ox-oxen goose-geese -有些不規(guī)則名詞本身就是復數(shù)：如：people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese， police-police7.單復數(shù)同形：deer, fish, sh

5、eep-還有更特殊的嗎？請舉例說明。-三、名詞復數(shù)發(fā)音規(guī)則: （同第三人稱單數(shù)后動詞+s或+ es的發(fā)音規(guī)則一樣）1、在/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/等清輔音后發(fā)/ s /， - 2、在/s/, /z/,/,/t/, /d/等 s,x,sh,ch,后發(fā)/ iz / - 3、濁輔音和元音后發(fā)/ z /,- 四、量詞。與可數(shù)名詞連用的數(shù)量詞有：many, one, each, every, both, a few, , several與不可數(shù)名詞連用的數(shù)量 詞有：much, a little, a great deal of. 與可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞都可以連用的數(shù)量詞有：some， not any

6、 / no, a lot of, lots of, most, all.五、some，any 的用法：some 和any 都是一些的意思，但some只用在肯定句，any用在疑問句和否定句。例如：There are some magazine on the table. 桌子上有一些雜志。 There are not any magazine on the table. 桌子上沒有一些雜志。Are there any magazine on the table?桌子上有一些雜志嗎？你肯定能說出更好的例子，寫下來吧！最好不是用上面例子中的there be句型。-六、名詞所有格。1、 名詞加s A、

7、單數(shù)名詞詞尾加s， 復數(shù)名詞詞尾如沒有s, 也要加s。 例如: This is Zhang Pengs friend. 這是張鵬的朋友。 Mikes knife is on the desk. 麥克的刀在課桌上。 Happy Childrens Day! 兒童節(jié)快樂！- B、 表示幾個人共有一樣東西，只需在最后一人的名字后加s. 如果表示各自所有，則需在各自名字后加s. 例如：This is Tom and Jasons room. 這是湯姆和杰森共有的房間。These are Toms and Jasons room. 這些是湯姆和杰森各自的房間。- C、若名詞已有復數(shù)詞尾-s, 只加。 例

8、如：the teachers reading room. 老師的閱覽室。-2、名詞 + of + 名詞 名詞如果是無生命的，我們就要用名詞 + of + 名詞 的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系。 例如：the classroom of Class One and Grale Six. 601班的教室。 This is a picture of my family. 這是我的一張家庭照片。注意： 、 在表示名詞所有格時，s結(jié)構(gòu)可以轉(zhuǎn)換成of結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：The girls name is Lily. The name of the girl is Lily. 這個女孩的名字叫李麗。He is my fathe

9、rs friend. He is a friend of my father. 他是我父親的朋友。 、 有些表示時間、距離、國家、城市等無生命的東西的名詞，也可以加s。例如：Beijings street 北京的街道 todays newspaper 今天的報紙一句話記名詞所有格的構(gòu)成分式和用法The children's teacher asked a friend of Tom's to bring him some students' books on the first day of the month.總復習練習 （一 ） 班級 姓名 寫出下列各詞的復數(shù) I

10、_him _this _her _watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _man_ woman_ paper_ juice_water_ milk_ rice_ tea_二、一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時基本用法介紹 【No. 1】一般現(xiàn)在時的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍色的。2.表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。如：I get up at six every day.我每

11、天六點起床。3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成1. be動詞：主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一個男孩。2.行為動詞：主語+行為動詞(+其它)。如：We study English.我們學習英語。當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she,it)時，要在動詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。一般現(xiàn)在時的變化1. be動詞的變化。否定句：主語+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a

12、worker.他不是工人。一般疑問句：Be +主語+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：Where is my bike?2.行為動詞的變化。否定句：主語+ don't( doesn't ) +動詞原形(+其它)。如：I don't like bread.當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如：He doesn't often play.一般疑問句：Do( Does ) +主語+動詞原形+其它。如：- Do you often

13、play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如：- Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：How does your father go to work?動詞+s的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-w

14、atches, go-goes3以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies一般現(xiàn)在時用法專練:一、 寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù) drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_  carry _come_  watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_ do_  teach_二、用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Clas

15、s One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.10. There _

16、(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _(like) cooking.12. They _(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _look) after her baby carefully.14. You always _ (do) your homework well.15. I _ (be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She _ (go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _ (do) not like PE.18. The child

17、often _ (watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang _ (have) eight lessons this term.20.  What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday.三、按照要求改寫句子1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改為否定句)_2. I do my homework every day.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答)_3. She likes milk.(改為一般疑問句，作肯定回答)_ 4. Amy likes playi

18、ng computer games.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答)_5. We go to school every morning.(改為否定句)_6. He speaks English very well.(改為否定句)_7. I like taking photos in the park.(對劃線部分提問)_8. John comes from Canada.(對劃線部分提問)_9. She is always a good student.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答)_10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改為否定句)_五、改錯(劃出錯

19、誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上)1. Is  your brother speak English?      _2. Does he likes going fishing?         _3. He likes play games after class.     _4. Mr. Wu teachs us English.            _5. She

20、 dont do her homework on Sundays._三、現(xiàn)在進行時1現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，也可表示當前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。2現(xiàn)在進行時的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動詞ing.3現(xiàn)在進行時的否定句在be后加not。4現(xiàn)在進行時的一般疑問句把be動詞調(diào)到句首。5現(xiàn)在進行時的特殊疑問的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞不達意 + be + 主語 + 動詞ing?  但疑問詞當主語時其結(jié)構(gòu)為： 疑問詞不達意 + be + 動詞ing?動詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：

21、make-making, taste-tasting3如果末尾是一個元音字母和一個輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping現(xiàn)在進行時專項練習：一、寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play_ run_ swim _make_go_ like_  write_ _ski_ read_ have_ sing  _ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _  get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_二、用所給的動詞的正確形式填

22、空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food  now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is o

23、ur granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.  9. Its  5  oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1. They are doing housework .(分別改成一般疑問句和否定句)_2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答)_3Im playing the football

24、 in the playground .(對劃線部分進行提問)_4Tom is reading books in his study . (對劃線部分進行提問)_四、將來時理論及練習一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準備做某事。句中一般有以下時間狀語：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be going to + do；will+ do. 三、否定句：在be動詞（am, is, are）l后加not或情態(tài)動詞will后加not成wont。例如：Im g

25、oing to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑問句： be或will提到句首，some改為any, and改為or，第一二人稱互換。例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?五、對劃線部分提問。一般情況，一般將來時的對劃線部分有三種情況。1.  問人。Who 例如：Im going to New Yo

26、rk soon. Whos going to New York soon.2.   問干什么。What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this   afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3.  問什么時候。When.例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going    to bed?六、同義句

27、：be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 練習：填空。1.  我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.2.  下個星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball.What _ you do next Mo

28、nday? I _ play basketball.3.        你媽媽這個周末去購物嗎？是，她要去買一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _?Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit.4.        你們打算什么時候見面。What time _ you _ _ meet?改句子。5.  Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定） Nancy _

29、going to go camping.6.  Ill go and join them.（改否定） I _ go _ join them.7.  Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑問句） _ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑問句） _ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.9.  She is going to listen to

30、 music after school.（對劃線部分提問） _ _ she _ _ _ after school?10.  My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)_ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.用所給詞的適當形式填空。11.        Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoo

31、n.12.        My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week.13.        Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike.14.        What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watc

32、h) TV and _(catch) insects? 15.        Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects.16.        What _ (d0) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm. What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows.

33、17.        Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.18.        Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.19.        David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday.20.        I _

34、(plan) for my study now.五、一般過去時1一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。一般過去時也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作感謝。2Be動詞在一般過去時中的變化：am 和is在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣as。（was not=wasnt）are在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣ere。（were not=werent）帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。3句中沒有be動詞的一般過去時的句子   否定句：didnt +動詞原形

35、，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday.   一般疑問句：在句首加did，句子中的動詞過去式變回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday?   特殊疑問句：疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形？如：        What did Jim do yesterday?疑問詞當主語時：疑問詞+動詞過去式？如：Who went to home yesterday?動詞過去式變化規(guī)則：1一般在動詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2結(jié)尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3末尾只有一個元音字母和一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied5不規(guī)則動詞過去式：am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-t