后綴-ly的形容詞

1、后綴-ly的形容詞許多英語初學(xué)者看見含有后綴-ly的單詞，便認(rèn)定是副詞。其實(shí)，不少以 -ly結(jié)尾的單詞只能用作形容詞，還有一些單詞既可用作形容詞，也可用作副詞?，F(xiàn)將這類帶后綴-ly的單詞作一分類，并加以說明。一.在friend, brother, woman這類名詞的詞尾加上后綴-ly所構(gòu)成的單詞，一般是形容詞，不是副詞，其意義為“具有那種本性或本質(zhì)的”。屬于這一類的形容詞主要有：beastly, cowardly, earthly, fatherly,gentlemanly, heavenly, leisurely, manly, masterly, motherly, princely,

2、queenly, kingly, scholarly,sisterly 等。例如：Mrs Wang is a motherly old teacher.（王老師是位慈母般的老教師。）Slave owners were beastly people.（奴隸主是非常殘忍的人。）假若要表示上述形容詞的副詞意義，如“友好地，悠閑地”，可以使用像“ in a friendlyway/manner"或"ina leisurely fashion ”這類短語。例如：The villagers treated us in a friendly way.（村民們對我們很友好。）二.在hour

3、, day等表示時(shí)間的名詞詞尾加上后綴-ly構(gòu)成的單詞，含有“每一”的意思，它們既可用作形容詞，也可用作副詞。這一類單詞主要有：hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, yearly, biweekly, bimonthly（形容詞）radio talk.（公眾對總統(tǒng)每周等。例如：The public show great interest in the president ' s weekly次的廣播講話表現(xiàn)出極大的興趣。）Are you paid weekly or monthly（副詞）（你是按周還是按月領(lǐng)工資）I read this

4、poem in a quarterly（形容詞）magazine.（我在一本季刊上看到過這首詩。This magazine is published monthly（副詞）。（這種雜志每月出版一期。）.含后綴-ly 的 deadly, likely及costly很容易被誤用。（1） deadly意為“致命的，仇深的"。例如:Aids is a deadly disease.（愛滋病是一種致命的疾病。）He couldn ' t forgive his deadly enemy.（他不能寬恕他的仇敵。）（2） likely 意為“很可能的，有希望的”。例如:Rain is li

5、kely in all parts of the country today.（今天全國各地都可能下雨。）We explored the likely regions for the discovery of coal.（我們勘探了有希望發(fā)現(xiàn)煤的地區(qū)。（3） costly意為“昂貴的，代價(jià)高的”。例如:Hong Kong is one of the costliest cities in the world.（香港是全球生活費(fèi)用最高的城市之一。有無“ ly意不同某些形容詞有兩種副詞形式，一種和形容詞同形，另一種以-ly 結(jié)尾。這兩種副詞有一部分意義和用法都相同，但其中多數(shù)意義用法以不盡相同。所

6、以把這類詞在意義和用法上的差別搞清楚是很重要的。（一）late/latelylate 意為“遲，晚”，置于句末或動詞后。He goes to bed late and gets up late.lately 意為“近來，最近"，相當(dāng)于 recently ,可置于句首也可置于句末。Lately I've collected a lot of foreign stamps.（二）pretty/prettilypretty 與rather, very 相近，意為“相當(dāng)，十分”。It's pretty cold outdoors today.prettily 意為“漂亮地，有

7、禮貌地”。She was prettily dressed at the party.（三）hard/hardlyhard意為“努力地，猛烈地”。It is raining hard.hardly 意為“幾乎不，簡直不”，常置于行為動詞前或情態(tài)動詞、助動詞、系動詞之后。I was so tired that I could hardly walk.（四） new/newlynew作副詞一般用在某些合成詞中，常與過去分詞構(gòu)成合成形容詞，兩個詞之間有連字符。a new-born babya new-laid eggnewly意為“新近地”，一般用于修飾過去分詞，中間無連字符。They are a

8、newly married couple.Don't sit on the newly painted chair.（五）easy/easilyeasy作副詞意義和easily 相同，但它僅用于某些慣用語中。如：Take it easy.別著急。Easy come, easy go.來得容易，去得快。Easier said than done.說來容易做來難。Stand easy!稍息！Easily 意為“容易地，輕松地，隨便地”。He lots his temper easily.他很容易發(fā)火。（六） firm/firmlyfirm 與firmly意義相同，它僅用于與某些動詞的習(xí)慣搭

9、配中。如： hole firm , standfirm 。Whatever they may say, I'll stand firm by you.無論他們說什么，我都會堅(jiān)定地站在你身邊。firmly 意為“牢牢地，堅(jiān)定地”，可放在動詞前，也可放在動詞后。I firmly believe in his leadership.我堅(jiān)信他的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。“We won't give in, “ he said firmly.“我們決不投降?！彼麍?jiān)定地說。（七）deep/deeplydeep意為“深深地”時(shí)主要表示具體可感的深度，一般不放在實(shí)義動詞前。He went deep into th

10、e water.They dug deep for the treasure.deeply “深深地，深入地”常用于表示抽象的概念，用于引申義，動詞之后或過去分詞之前。He was deeply moved by their story.（八）direct/directlydirect 意為“直接地，一直地”，它多用來表示時(shí)間或路程，不能置于動詞前。He flew direct to New York.他直接飛往紐約。directly 可表示“直接地，直率地，直截了當(dāng)?shù)?，馬上”等意。He drove directly to school.He answered me directly.他直率地

11、回答了我的問題。（九）loud/loudlyloud作副詞意為“大聲地"，常與 talk, speak, sing, laugh 等詞連用，它不能置于動 詞前。They laughed loud and long.他們大聲笑了很久。Facts speak louder than words.事實(shí)勝于雄辯。loudly 表示"雜、舌L、大”的聲音。The bomb exploded loudly.She cried loudly.（十）most/mostlymost作副詞，意為“最，非?！?，修飾動詞時(shí)，不能置于動詞和賓語之間。I like swimming most.most

12、ly意為“絕大多數(shù)，大部分地，主要地”。如：The students are mostly from the countryside. （=Most of the students are from the countryside.）The medicine is mostly sugar and water.這種藥的主要成分是糖和水。（T一"）first/firstlyfirst 意為“首先，起初，開始時(shí)，第一次”。First, I'd like to make a self-introduction.首先，我想做一下自我介紹。When did you first meet

13、你們最初什么時(shí)候見的面firstly 意為“第一，首先”，用于例舉事物或理由。Firstly, she didn't graduate. Secondly, she meant to live with her parents.（十二）high/highlyhigh用來表示具體高度、上升的幅度。This kind of bird flies high.high （過富另外，它與某些詞搭配也可表示抽象意義。如： aim high（目標(biāo)高），live裕生活）。highly 含有比喻義，意為“高度地，非常地”可修飾動詞、過去分詞、形容詞。This method is highly effec

14、tive.這種方法非常有效。The little boy was highly praised for what he had done.這小孩兒因其所作所為受到人們的高度贊揚(yáng)。（十三） close/closelyclose意為“接近，靠近，挨近”，多用于描述兩物體之間距離上的變化。He was told to stand close to the wall.有人告訴他靠墻站著。He went closer to her.他向她挨得更近了一些。closely 常用于比喻意，表示“仔細(xì)地，緊密地，嚴(yán)密地”。They were closely united around the Partly.他們

15、緊緊地團(tuán)結(jié)在黨的周圍。The baby was closely looked after by her mother.這個嬰兒被她母親緊緊地看護(hù)著。（十四） wide/widelywide意為“廣大地，廣闊地，全部地”，主要指具體范圍，只能放在所修飾的動詞的后面。The doctor told her to open her mouth wide.He travels far and wide.他去過很多地方。wide有時(shí)也可用于表示程度，相當(dāng)于"completely "。如： He was wide awake. = He was completely awake.他睡意

16、全無。widely意為“廣泛地，大大地”，用于引申義。As a writer he is widely known.作為一名作家，他遠(yuǎn)近聞名。They differ widely on this point.在這一點(diǎn)上他們的意見迥異。（十五） slow/slowlyslow作副詞僅和go, drive, pass 等動詞連用，且只能用在動詞后面。Tell the driver to go slower.How slow time passes!slowly 和slow 意思相同，前者可用于引申義，且比 slow 用得更廣泛，置于謂語動詞前 后均可。He slowly realized his mistake.Slowly the water in the tube turned green.（十六） nea