大學(xué)英語翻譯專項(xiàng)的應(yīng)試策略與解題技巧

1、一、命題特點(diǎn)翻譯部分為漢譯英，測試的是句子、短語或常用表達(dá)層次上的中譯英能力，共5個(gè)句子，一 句一題，句長為15-30詞。句中的一部分已用英文給出，耍求考生根據(jù)全句意思將漢語部 分譯成英語?？荚噮奸g5分鐘。翻譯須符合英語的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和表達(dá)習(xí)慣,耍求用詞準(zhǔn)確。需 要考牛由漢語翻譯成英語的部分，在意義上是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的成分（但不是一個(gè)單詞），一般需要 用到英語屮某個(gè)詞組短語，或者固定搭配，或者某種句型結(jié)構(gòu)。翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)還淡不上“信、 達(dá)、雅”，只需要將漢語的意思完整地表達(dá)出來，符合英語表達(dá)方法和整個(gè)句子語法的耍求, 當(dāng)然不能有時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和拼寫方面的錯(cuò)誤。二、翻譯常見問題和應(yīng)對政策理解表達(dá)不到位是翻譯的最人問

2、題。理解關(guān)鍵在于理解句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，表達(dá)關(guān)鍵在于符合 英語語言的習(xí)慣來做適當(dāng)調(diào)整。翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是準(zhǔn)確、通順、完整。方法是直譯為主適當(dāng)意譯。三、解題方法：第一步：通讀金句，正確理解。首先快速瀏覽句子，先看英語不看漢語，從而判斷劃線處所 填句子的形式、時(shí)態(tài)。所謂形式包括：1詞組固定搭配（不定式短語、分詞短語、動名詞、句子等）2. 虛擬3 被動所謂吋態(tài)是指：根據(jù)前后已經(jīng)給出的英語句子判斷所填英語句子的時(shí)態(tài)。第二步：分析成分，劃分意群。看括號里面的漢語句子，以核心謂語動詞為切入點(diǎn)，找準(zhǔn)主 謂賓、分清定狀補(bǔ)。第三步：選擇詞義，貼切表達(dá)。適當(dāng)調(diào)整，書寫譯文。先翻譯主謂賓、后翻譯定狀補(bǔ)，切塊 對應(yīng)翻譯，重新組

3、合。動詞注意時(shí)態(tài)，名詞注意單復(fù)數(shù)。例題詳解1.specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to（適應(yīng)不同文化屮的生活）.06.12j解題步驟:第一步：由it is not easy to "j以推;i,劃線處應(yīng)該接動詞原形。第二步：劃分成分“適應(yīng)不同文化的生活”核心謂語動詞是“適應(yīng)二“不同文化的”作定語，“主活”作賓語。第三步：（1）.切塊對應(yīng)翻譯："適應(yīng)”二adapt; adapt to; adapt oneself to；"生活”=life；"不同文化的''

4、二different cultures（2）.重新組合:adapt oneself to the life in different cultures正確答案:adapt oneself to the life/living in different cultures翻譯:跨文化研究&家說，適應(yīng)不同文化的生活不是一件容易的事情。考察知識點(diǎn):詞組固定搭配adapt oneself to sth/doing sth"適應(yīng)2.since my childhood i have found that (沒有什么比讀卩對我更有吸引力).解題步驟:第“步:由since my childh

5、ood i have found that nj以推出,劃線處應(yīng)該填寫一個(gè)句子，吋態(tài) 需要根據(jù)后面的漢語意思作進(jìn)一步的確定。第二步：劃分成分“沒有什么比讀書對我更有吸引力”核心謂語動詞是“比更有吸引力",“沒有什么”作主語，“讀書”作賓語,“對我”作狀語。 第三步：(1) .切塊對應(yīng)翻譯：“比更有吸引力”二be more attractive to sb,"沒有什么''-nothing, “讀書"reading,"對我"=foi7to me。(2) .重新組合：nothing is more attractive to me t

6、han reading正確答案:nothing is more attractive to me than reading翻譯:從兒吋起我就發(fā)現(xiàn)，沒有什么比讀書對我更有吸引力?？疾熘R點(diǎn):比較級nothing+比較級二最高級；時(shí)態(tài)：因?yàn)閺木鋽⑹龅氖乾F(xiàn)在的事情，所 以用一般現(xiàn)在是即可。3. the victim(本來會有機(jī)會活卜來)訐 he had been taken to hospital in time.解題步驟:第一步：由the victim訐he had been taken to hospital in time.nj'以推出，劃線處應(yīng)該填寫謂語 動詞和賓語使得主句完整，并且

7、主句形式、時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)麻itu的if he had been taken to hospital in time確定應(yīng)該采取虛擬語氣，是對過去的虛擬。第二步：劃分成分“本來會有機(jī)會活下來”核心謂語動詞是“本來有機(jī)會”，“活下來”作賓語。第三步：(1) 切塊對應(yīng)翻譯："本來有機(jī)會"=would have had a chance to do sth,"活下來”二survive(2) .重新組合：would have had a chance to survive.正確答案: would have had a chance to survive/of survival翻譯

8、:如果遇難者被及時(shí)送往醫(yī)院的話，他本來會有機(jī)會活下來的?？疾熘R點(diǎn)：虛擬語氣與過去相反的虛擬語氣，從句用had done,主句用would have done 有機(jī)會做某事：have a chance to do sth/of sth-* “虛擬語氣”在英語四級漢譯英考住應(yīng)該注意以卜兒種虛擬語氣的形式：第一種：由“if”引導(dǎo)的虛擬句了(1) .與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反:if+ were/did一,+ would doif i were you , i would marry him.如果我是你，就會嫁給他。(2) .與過去的事實(shí)相反：if + had done,一+would have doneif

9、you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam如果你用功學(xué)習(xí)，就會通過考試了。（3）.與將來的事實(shí)可能相反:if -+ should do-, -+ would doif it should rain tomorrow , what would you do ?如果明天下雨，你怎么辦？第二種：用在表示要求、建議、命令等的名詞從句中從句謂語形式為："（should ） + do sth”（在美語中should常省去）。類似用法的動詞有：insist （堅(jiān)持）,suggest （建議）,order（命令）,propose （建議）

10、,demand （要求）,command （命令）, advise （建議）,desire （要求、請求）,request （請求）,require （需要、要求）,ask （要求）,prefer （寧 愿）,recommend（推薦）,arrange （安排）,advocate （擁護(hù)、提倡）,maintain（堅(jiān)決主張）等后面的 賓語從句中。第三不申： 用在t【+ be + important （,necessary , natural, essential, strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , v

11、ital, advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial, imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等，以及 insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等）+ that "結(jié)構(gòu)中的（hat引導(dǎo)的主語從句中第四種：用在it is time that -結(jié)構(gòu)中

12、,表示“該干某事了二含建議的意思，用動詞過去式。it is time （that） we went to bed . 咱們該睡覺了。注意:time前可加about （表示“大約”）或high（表示“強(qiáng)調(diào)”）等。4.some psychologists claim that people （ill 門在外時(shí)u 能會感到孤獨(dú)）.解題步驟:第一步：由some psychologists claim that people .可以推出，劃線處丿'v該填寫謂語動詞和賓語 使得主句完整，并且主句時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。第二步：劃分成分“出門在外時(shí)可能會感到孤獨(dú)"核心謂語動詞是“可能會感到”，“

13、孤獨(dú)”作賓語，“出門在外吋"作狀語。第三步：切塊對應(yīng)翻譯："可能會感到might feel,"孤獨(dú)”=lonely, “出門在外吋"be away from home.（2）.重新組合： might feel lonely when they are away from home.正確答案:might feel lonely when they are away from home.翻譯:一些心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為人們出門在外時(shí)可能會感到孤獨(dú)?？疾熘R點(diǎn):詞性辨析lonely, adj.孤獨(dú)的、寂寞的;alone, adj.獨(dú)自的難點(diǎn):“出門在外”的翻譯。歷年四級

14、翻譯真題、答案與解析09.687. soon after he transferred to the new school, ali found that he had （很難跟上班里的同學(xué)）in math and english.88. if she hour earlier, mary（就不會被大雨淋著了）.89. it is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are（更啟可能增加體重）.90. （很多人所沒有意識到的）is that simon is a lover of sports, and footballin

15、 particular.91. the study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is （與缺乏鍛煉密切相關(guān)）.解析：87. difficulty （in） keeping up with his classmates / difficulty （in） catching up with his classmates 本題考點(diǎn)非常明確，共有兩個(gè)：一是四級核心詞組keep up with sb （跟上某人），二是核心短 語have difficulty in doing sth （做菜事是何困難的），另外要注意另一類似短語，即

16、have trouble in doing sth （做某事是有困難的）。88. wouldn't have been caught by the heavy rain本題的考點(diǎn)為兩個(gè)：第一考査對虛擬語氣的掌 握，情態(tài)動詞+完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)。第二考杳對短語be caught by的掌握，意思為“被所困"，另 外注意對雨這個(gè)概念的修飾，一定要用heavy rain而不是big rain。89. more likely to put on weight首先判斷本題應(yīng)該使用短語be likely to來表示“有町能做某 事”，而“增加體重”的表達(dá)為put on weight ,除此之外

17、，題目屮表達(dá)的是“更有可能"，要加more ,所以答案為more likely to put on weight.除此z外，我們述應(yīng)該掌握其相關(guān)表達(dá), 比如說 lose one's weight （減肥），go on diet（節(jié)食）等。90. what many people don't realize / what a host of folks don't realize 本題考杳主語從彳u,對考 生來說并不難。91. closely linked to the lack of exercise / closely related to the lack

18、 of exercise 本題考點(diǎn)有兩 個(gè)，一是對固定搭配的考杳，be linked to = be related to （與何關(guān)）以及the lack of exercise（缺 乏鍛煉）；二是對修飾關(guān)系的考査，closely related是副詞與動詞的修飾關(guān)系。08.1287. medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems（他們至今還沒有答案）.88. （大多數(shù)父母所關(guān)心的）is providing the best education possible for theirchildren.89

19、. you'd better take a sweater with you（以防天氣變冷）.90. through the project, many people have received training and （決定 口己倉u業(yè)）.91. the anti-virus agent was not known（肓到一名醫(yī)生偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了它）.解析：87. which/that they haven't found answers to做四六級的翻譯題實(shí)質(zhì)是在補(bǔ)全句了，所以已給 出的英文和要翻譯的屮文都要分析清楚。本句中要翻譯的是一句完整的話，而橫線前是名訶 problem

20、s,因此顯然是個(gè)定語從句的考點(diǎn)，可以選擇that或which做關(guān)聯(lián)詞，核心動詞搭配 是have answers to,另外“至今還"提醒我們句子是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)態(tài)。88. what most parents care about / are concerned about 或 the concern of most parents 很顯然本 句缺主語，有兩種方法處理：主語從句或名詞短語，核心詞匯“關(guān)心”可以用concern或care abouto89. in case it turns/should turn cold 或 lest it should turn cold -看到“以

21、防"，馬上要反應(yīng)出"in case”或“l(fā)est”這類的連詞。如果用“in case",后面的從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或should+動詞原型; 如果是用lest,般是用should+動詞原型。90. decided to start their own business本題的考察重點(diǎn)是不定式decide + to do,核心詞組“門己 創(chuàng)業(yè)”。91. until it was accidentally found/discovered by a doctor 木題考點(diǎn)是 until 引導(dǎo)的狀語從彳u和被 動語態(tài)的結(jié)合。"偶然f以處理為by accident/

22、chance或accidentally 008.687. our efforts will pay off if the results of this research（能應(yīng)用于新技術(shù)的開發(fā)）.88. i can't boot my computer now .something（一定出 了 毛?。﹚ith its operation system.89. leaving one's job,（不管是什么工作）,is a difficult change evenfor those who look forward to retiring.90. （與我成長的地方相比）,th

23、is town is more prosperous and exciting.91. （直到他完成使命）did he realize that he was seriously ill.詳解87. can be applied to the development of new technology 本題考查被動結(jié)構(gòu)和兩個(gè)詞紐：應(yīng)丿 ij apply.to 以及新技術(shù)的開發(fā) the development of new technology.88. must be wrong 考查詞組"出毛病"something is/goes wrong,另外考查語氣"定&q

24、uot;must.89. no matter what kind it is / whatever it is 考查讓步狀語從句的用法90. compared with the place where i grew up 考查兩點(diǎn)：少相比 compared with；帶定語從句 的名詞短語“我成長的地方”。91. not until he had accomplished the mission從丄句謂語動詞的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)可以知道考杳的是 not until置于句首吋的用法。not until置于句首吋，until后用吋間短語或匸常語序的從句， 主句用倒裝。另外根據(jù)語義關(guān)系選擇正確時(shí)態(tài)。07.12

25、87. 侈虧了一系列的發(fā)明），doctors can treat this disease successfully.88. in my sixties, one change i notice is that （我比以前更容易累 了）.89.1 am going to pursue this course, （無論我要作岀什么樣的犧牲）.90.1 would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because （它更加方便和省時(shí)）.91. many americans live on credit, and the

26、ir quality of life（是用他們能夠借到多少來衡量的）,not how much they can earn.詳解：87. thanks to/ because of/ owing to/ as a result of a series of new inventions 本題考查"多虧了" 和“一系列”兩個(gè)表達(dá)方法。88.1 am more likely to get tired than before. / it is more likely for me to become tired than before. /1 am more inclined t

27、o become tired than before.本題考點(diǎn)是"史容易"，使用 be more likely to 或 be more inclined to.89. no matter what i have to sacrifice / whatever sacrifice i have to make 木題考點(diǎn)"無論"和''犧 牲”，如果不會拼寫sacrifice,nj用pay代替。90. it is more convenient and less time-consuming / it is more convenient a

28、nd time-saving. / it is more convenient and can save more time本題難點(diǎn)是“省時(shí)”，川用形容詞或動詞詞組表示相同 意義。91. is measured/evaluated by how much they can borrow/loan 木題難點(diǎn)是被動語態(tài)。07.687. the finding of this study failed to（將人們的睡眠質(zhì)量考慮在內(nèi)）.88. the prevent and treatment of aids is（我們可以合作的領(lǐng)域）.89. because of the leg injury,

29、the athlete （決定退出比賽）.90. to make donations or for more information, please （按以下地址和我們聯(lián)系）.91. please come here at ten tomorrow morning （如果你方便的話）.詳解87. take people's sleep quality into account/ consideration 本題重點(diǎn)考查 take sth into account 這 個(gè)短語。88. the field （where） we can cooperate / the field in wh

30、ich we can cooperate 本題考查定語從句, 而先行詞作為前置賓語，后面引導(dǎo)的從句需要前置的介詞。89. decided to quit the match本題考查對時(shí)態(tài)的判斷能力90. contact us at the following address 常見的祈使句表達(dá)91. if it is convenient for you / at your convenience 本題考査詞組 at one's convenience.06.1287. specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not eas

31、y to（適應(yīng)不同文化中的生活）.88. since my childhood i have found that（沒有什么比讀書對我更有吸引力）.89. the victim（木來會有機(jī)會活下來）if he had been taken to hospital in time.90. some psychologists claim that people（出門在外時(shí)可能會感到孤獨(dú)）.91. the nation's population continues to rise （以每年 1200 萬人的速度）.詳解：87. adapt oneself to the life/livin

32、g in different cultures 本題考杳 adapt oneself to 這個(gè)短語，這里 to是介詞，后而接名詞或動名詞。88. nothing is more attractive to me than reading本題考查比較結(jié)構(gòu)，另外就是從句的時(shí)態(tài)。一 般來說，當(dāng)寫作目的是敘述時(shí)，使用過去時(shí)；若表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是議論或常識、真理時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在 時(shí)。89. would have had a chance to survive/of survival本題考杳與過去相反的虛擬語氣的基本丿ij 法。90. might feel lonely when they are away fro

33、m home.本題考查虛擬語氣中的建議句式。91. at a speed / rate of 12 million per year.或 at an annual speed of 12 million 考點(diǎn)之一是短語 at a speed of,其一是數(shù)字120()萬人的表達(dá)。06.687. having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble(找到去歷史博物館的路).88. (為 了掙錢供我上學(xué))，mother often takes on more work than is good for her.89. the professor

34、 required that(我們交研究報(bào)告)by wednesday.90. the more you explain, (我愈糊涂).91. though a skilled worker, (他被公司解雇了)last week because of theeconomic crisis.詳解：87. (in) finding the way to the history museum 本題考查對句型 have (no)trouble (in) doing sth. 的掌握88. in order to finance my education本題考查對不定式作11的狀語的掌握。不定式和不

35、定式 短語作目的狀語，主要用來修飾動詞，表示某一動作或狀態(tài)的目的。inorders或so as to可 以使目的意義更加清楚或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)意義，但so as (o般不用在句首。表示“掙錢”還可以 用 raise money 或 support o89. we (should) hand in our research report木題考杏的是表示建議的彳型require that sb. (should) do sth.的掌握。90. the more confused i am本題考查對句型the more., the more的掌握，表示"越,越”。 第二個(gè)more作的是副詞，意為“

36、更”，后跟形容詞的比較級。結(jié)構(gòu)he+形容詞比較級+ s+v, (he+形容詞比較級+ s+v” ,比較級示主謂結(jié)構(gòu)不倒裝。91. he was fired by the company本題考查對訃步狀語從句的掌握。當(dāng)訃步狀語從句rfl連詞 although或though引導(dǎo)時(shí)，意為“雖然，盡管”,主句不能用but。由“他被公司解雇”可知, 主句應(yīng)該用被動式，又根據(jù)last week可以判斷句了的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)。表示“解 雇”還可以用discharge和dismiss0第四節(jié)強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練1. the substance does not dissolve in water(不管是否加熱).2.

37、 not only(他向我收費(fèi)過高)，but he didn't do a good repair job either.3. your losses in trade this year are nothing （厶/我的相比）.4.on average, it is said, visitors spend only（一半丫溝錢）in a day in leeds as inlondon.5. by contrast, americans mothers were more likely （把孩子的成功歸因于）naturaltalent.6. today,（隨著生活節(jié)奏的加快）,p

38、eople usually do nothave as much time to write letters as before.7. with the rise in population, the traffic in cities（丨 i 益擁擠）.8. opportunity often （起重要作用） one's choice of a career.9. it is easier to（染上壞習(xí)慣）（han to get into good ones.10. however troublesome the problem is, （他都耐心地去面對）.11. （如果天氣允許

39、的話），the picnic will be held as scheduled.12. （盡管發(fā)了洪水），the ship had reached its destination on time.13. he concluded his speech with a remark that （失敗乃成功之母）.14. she never laughed, （也從耒發(fā)過脾氣）.15. we advised them to take a rest,（i）是他們耍堅(jiān)持完成這項(xiàng)工作）.16. they asked so many questions that （把我給弄糊涂了）.17. （醫(yī)生告訴他不

40、要吸煙），mr. smith carried neithermatches nor cigarettes.1 & on entering another country,（游客必須通過海關(guān)）。19.lt has been suggested（經(jīng)?？措娨暤娜丝赡軙兊眠^分消極）.20. we regret to inform you（你們訂購的材料缺貨）.21. he studied hard in his youth, （這也是他后半生取得巨大成功的原因）.22.1 understood（學(xué)會面對現(xiàn)實(shí)的真正價(jià)值）.23. it has been revealed that （有些政府官

41、員濫用他們的權(quán)利和職位）to get illegal profits for themselves.24. nowadays, we need to （與時(shí)俱進(jìn)）.25. the violent tornado that struck in august last year （己經(jīng)弓i起全球科學(xué)家的高度重視）.26. when he agrees with someone,（英雄所見略同）is his tag.27. the government has put forward a new economic policy with（更加強(qiáng)調(diào)降低通貨膨脹率）.28. you may stop n

42、ow, but you must resume working at 2 o'clock （否則我會給你新的任務(wù)以示懲罰）.29. you have greatly disappointed me.（傷做的遠(yuǎn)沒有達(dá)到我們的期望）.30. hurry up! the performance will start in no time the doors俄"j到那里的時(shí)候就會關(guān)閉了）.31. little（她沒有料到她的著裝方式）would make herfeel totally out of place at the party.32. the traditional app

43、roach to deal with complex problems （是把它們分解成更小、更易解決的問題）.33. having（沒有錢但不想讓別人知道）,simply said hewould go without dinner.34. every man and every woman working here（和我相處地很好）.35. i hope all the precautions against air pollution,（正女u 當(dāng)土也政府建議的那樣），will be seriously considered here.36. you don't have to

44、be in such a hurry. i would rather （你先處理自己的事情）。37. the development of modern medicine（為人類的健康做出 t 巨大貢獻(xiàn)）.38. the woman was astounded to learn that her dearest friend （一直在散布關(guān)于她的謠言）.39. only by reading extensively and widely （你才能提高閱讀技巧，豐富知識）。40. it is highly desirable that（將報(bào)告屮所列的數(shù)據(jù)再次仔細(xì)檢查）before it is s

45、ent to the board of directors.41. most doctors recognize that medicine is as much（是一門科學(xué)，也是一門藝術(shù)）.42. some women（本來能夠掙一份很好的工資）in a job instead ofstaying home, but they decided not to work for the sale of the family.43. although punctual himself, the professor was quite used（習(xí)慣了學(xué)生遲到）hislecture.44. the

46、price of beer（從 50 美分到 4 美元不等）per liter during the summerseason.45. （任何國家無論在什么情況卜都不可以）have the right to use nuclearweapons.46. it's essential that（他把切準(zhǔn)備好）before the examination .47. the population of america is not large（與中國相比）.48.1 am sure we can solve the problem if we all（集思廣益）.49. it is no g

47、ood waiting for the bus,（我們不妨走【川家吧）.50. prices are going up rapidly. petrol now（是幾年前的兩倍）.51. last week, tom and his friends celebrated his twentieth birthday,（盡情地唱歌跳舞）.52. why is she looking at me （像是她認(rèn)識我似的）？ fve never seen her before inmy life.53. mr. johnson made full preparation for the experimen

48、t（以便實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)茼樌M(jìn)行）.54.1 avoided mentioning the sensitive subject lest （觸犯他）.55. she（對我們的警告充耳不聞）and got lost.56. that canadian speaks chinese（和他說英語一樣流利）.57. （tony 是否來）doesn't matter much. we can rely on ourselves.58. on hearing the news, i （忍不住笑起來）and spread it among the class.59. not until alice had a

49、 baby of her own （她才了 解）how hard it was for hermother to have brought up her sister and her on her own.60. a lot of people nowadays have muscular problems in the neck, the shoulders and theback（主要是由于工作中的壓力和緊張?jiān)斐傻模?61. more than 3 million children have health insurance now,and （超過250萬的家庭已經(jīng)擺脫貧困）.62. （除

50、主席之外的所有董事會成員部投票贊成我的建議）（o set up a branch office in the suburbs.63. the emergence of e-commerce and the fast-growing internet economy are（為中國的國內(nèi)外貿(mào)易提供了新的增長機(jī)遇）.64. the population of elderly people is increasing rapidly because people are living ion ger thanbefore.（發(fā)達(dá)國家尤為如此）.65. 只要你喝了那個(gè)牌子的酒,you will nev

51、er want to drink any other.66. 假如沒有你的幫助,i would not have succeeded.67. this novel 據(jù)說已經(jīng)被翻譯成二卜多種外語.68. the students all felt very happy 校長來看他們.69. the sun rises in the east and sets in the west, 這一點(diǎn)人人都清楚。70. the little girl went home, 在母親的陪同卜.71. please show us 你剛才所買的東西.72. the employees of this company