Oceanography Chapter 6

1、6.1Water and Sediment Quality6.1.1Solid Waste Dumping (I)6.1.1Solid Waste Dumping (II)6.1.1Solid Waste Dumping (III)Table 6.1 U.S. Municipal Solid Waste(MSW) Generated and the Amount Recovered for Recycling, 2000 (weights in millions of tons)6.1.2 Sewage Effluent (I)6.1.2 Sewage Effluent (II)Fig 6.1

2、 Estimated annual emissions from large municipal wastewater treatment facilities into the Southern California Bight between 1971 and 2000 of (a) total suspended solids (TSS), (b) biological oxygen demand substances (BOD), and (c) oil and grease (O/G) in thousands of metric tons.6.1.3 Toxicants (I)Fi

3、g. 6.2 Estimated annual emissions from large municipal wastewater treatment facilities into the Southern California Bight between 1971 and 2000 of trace metals in metric tons: (a) nickel and lead, (b) chromium and copper, (c) zinc, and (d) cadmium and silver. 6.1.3 Toxicants (II)Fig. 6.3 Concentrati

4、on of PCBs and DDT in sediment cores from a deepwater Puget Sound station located due west of Seattle. Concentrations peaked in 1960 and then declined following the enactment of legislation controlling their use.6.1.3 Toxicants (III)Table 6.2 Food Chain Concentration of DDT6.2 Plastic Trash6.3 Ocean

5、 Waste Management ProposalsTable 6.3 Estimate of World Wastes Produced Each Year6.4 Oil Spills (I)Fig 6.4 Annual (a) number of oils spills over 700 metric tons (205,800 gal) and (b) amount of oil spilled in thousands of metric tons in tanker accidents from 1970 to 2001.Table 6.4 Selected Major Oil S

6、pills from Tankers6.4 Oil Spills (II)6.4 Oil Spills (III)Fig. 6.5 A catamaran oil skimmer. The vessel cruises at about 3 knots, guiding surface oil between the twin hulls. The oil adheres to a moving belt and is lifted into onboard storage tanks.6.4 Oil Spills (IV)6.5 Marine Wetlands (I)6.5 Marine W

7、etlands (II)6.6 Biological Invaders (I)6.6 Biological Invaders (II)6.6 Biological Invaders (III)6.6 Biological Invaders (IV)6.6 Biological Invaders (V)6.7 Overfishing and Incidental Catch (I)Table 6.5 Changes in Fishing Catch Between Peak Year and 19921. NW, northwest; NE, northeast; WC, west-central; EC, east-central; SW, southwest; SE, southeast. 2. The increase in Indian Ocean catches was due to implementation of more-sophisticated fishing techniques. Average annual growth is between 1988 and 1992.6.7 Overfishing and Incidental Cat