中考復(fù)習(xí)專題——非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

1、 學(xué)習(xí)，永遠(yuǎn)不晚中考復(fù)習(xí)專題非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 構(gòu)成：（to）+動(dòng)詞原形 動(dòng)詞不定式非 在句中的作用（除謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞外的任何成分）謂 構(gòu)成：V.-ing 語(yǔ) 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng) 用法（主、賓、表、定）詞 構(gòu)成：V. -ing / V.-ed（規(guī)則變化） 分詞 用法（表、補(bǔ)、定、狀）一、動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)的構(gòu)成不定時(shí)的基本形式為：to+動(dòng)詞原形，有時(shí)可以不用to，這里的to 是不定式符號(hào)，本身無(wú)詞義，動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）動(dòng)詞原形。動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能功能例句說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak

2、 English. 講英語(yǔ)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)不容易。作主語(yǔ)用的不定式，常常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把不定式放在后面。表語(yǔ)My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打掃這間屋子。多數(shù)情況下，不定式作表語(yǔ)，可轉(zhuǎn)換作為主語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)What sports does he like to play?他喜歡做什么運(yùn)動(dòng)？He likes to play basketball.他喜歡打籃球。只能做某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，一般不作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。賓補(bǔ)My mother made me play the pi

3、ano all the time. 我媽媽讓我一直彈鋼琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官動(dòng)詞后，不定式省略to。定語(yǔ)Have you got anything to say? 你有要說(shuō)的嗎？不定式作定語(yǔ)，要放在所修飾詞的后面。狀語(yǔ)I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，給你添麻煩了。I went to the library to study English.（表目的）不定式作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)要和句子的主語(yǔ)一致。1.不定式作主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句末 其結(jié)構(gòu)為：It+be+adj.（+

4、for/ of sb.）+動(dòng)詞不定式 如：To learn English well is useful. It is useful to learn English well. Its important for us to protect the environment. 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of。如：It's very kind of you to help me. 你幫助我真是太好啦。It's very clever of you to do like that. 2. 不定式作賓語(yǔ)有些謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后只能

5、用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望的，如： would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。如： Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看電影嗎？在find, think后跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放在后面。如： I find it easy to read English every day. 3.不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)tell, ask, want, allow, warn, advise,invite,get,encourage后常

6、跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我媽媽鼓勵(lì)我學(xué)日語(yǔ)。注意：還有一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞也用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，這時(shí)不定式要省略to。這些動(dòng)詞有：一感（feel）、二聽(tīng)（hear, listen to）、三讓（let, make, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）。但變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，必須加上to。如：My friends were made to work the whole night by the b

7、oss. 老板讓我的朋友們工作了一整夜。4.不定式作定語(yǔ) 不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)放在名詞之后。它與名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。注意：如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要在不定式后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。 There is nothing to worry about. 沒(méi)有什么可擔(dān)心的。 The room is big enough for 10 people to live in .5.不定式常和疑問(wèn)詞what, which, when, where, how連用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。如： The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老師正告

8、訴學(xué)生們做什么。 He didn't know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。6. 跟動(dòng)詞不定式的情況總結(jié)歸納：（加強(qiáng)記憶）動(dòng)詞：agree to do同意去做；afford to do買得起；decide to do決定去做某事；hope to do希望去做；wish to do希望去做；fail to do做某事失敗去；plan to do打算去做；pretend to do假裝去做； refuse to do拒絕去做；would like to do=want to do想要去做某事；learn to do 學(xué)做；prefer to do sth. 喜歡（愛(ài)）做某事；

9、sb. seem to do sth好像做某事；used to do sth. 過(guò)去常做某事句型. allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人去做某事ask/tell sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）follow sb. to do sth. 跟隨某人去做某事get sb. to do sth. 讓某人做某事warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人做某事（或不要做某事）encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵(lì)某人做某事be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事be excited/glad/hap

10、py/sorry/ frightened/amazed/surprised to do sth. be/get ready to do sth.準(zhǔn)備做某事 cant wait to do sth. 迫不急待地去做某事get/have a chance to do sth. 得到一個(gè)做某事的機(jī)會(huì)Its + adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. Its +adj. +(of sb.) to do sth.It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做某事（?？迹㊣ts time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的時(shí)候了too(

11、for sb.) to 太以致不能 =not enough to do prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 寧愿而不愿（?？迹﹕omething to eat/drink 一些吃/喝的東西Sth. is hard/difficult/easy to do 做好某事很難/容易take turns to do sth. 輪流做There is no time (for sb. ) to do sth. 對(duì)（某人來(lái)說(shuō)）沒(méi)時(shí)間做某事了There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. 對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)必要做某事try/do ones best

12、 to do sth. 盡力去做某事have no choice but to do sth 別無(wú)選擇只能做某事have something/nothing to do with sb 與.有關(guān)/無(wú)關(guān)二、動(dòng)名詞1、動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成：動(dòng)名詞一般由“動(dòng)詞原形+ing”構(gòu)成2、V-ing做主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式如：Eating too much is bad for your health. Seeing is believing.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。3、動(dòng)名詞的句法功能功能例句說(shuō)明 動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 介詞賓語(yǔ)I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜歡打籃

13、球。Stamps are used for sending letters.郵票是被用來(lái)寄的。表示一般的習(xí)慣或抽象行為或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。 表語(yǔ)His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.多數(shù)情況下，動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)化成作主語(yǔ)。 定語(yǔ)She is in the reading room.她在閱覽室。We should improve our teaching methods.只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等置于所修飾詞前。 4、跟動(dòng)詞的ing形式的情況總結(jié)歸納：（加強(qiáng)記憶）動(dòng)詞： finish doing sth

14、.完成做某事；enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事；practice doing sth. 練習(xí)做某事；imagine doing,想象做某事；avoid doing sth.避免做某事；consider doing sth.考慮做某事；suggest doing sth.建議做某事；mind doing sth.介意做某事；keep doing sth.持續(xù)做我們可按下面的順口溜記憶這些詞。完成實(shí)踐值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄（keep on, be used to, give up）考慮建議不禁想（consider

15、, suggest, can't help, feel like） 喜歡思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）固定短語(yǔ)： feel like doing sth.喜歡做某事；be busy doing sth.忙于做某事be worth doing 值得做某事；spend time (in) doing sth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間（金錢）做某事；have difficult/trouble in doing sth做某事有困難；have fun doing.做某事高興介詞后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等

16、)如：be good at doing sth.；thank you for doing sth.；give up doing sth.；stop sb. from doing sth.；do well in doing sth.；be afraid of doing sth.；be interested in doing sth.；be proud of；instead of；be fond ofto作介詞+doing 1. look forward to doing sth （盼望） 2. pay attention to doing sth.（注意） 3.be used to doing

17、 sth. （習(xí)慣于） 4.prefer doing sth to doing sth.（更喜歡） 5.devote to doing sth （致力于） 6. make a contribution to doing （做貢獻(xiàn)）三分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞1.現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)、其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是它所修飾的詞；Do you know the girl standing there? 過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)、其邏輯賓語(yǔ)就是它所修飾的詞Please hand in the written exercises.<例>. The boy (cry)_ over&#

18、160;there is my younger brother.  分析：依據(jù)cry與它的邏輯主語(yǔ)The boy之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系和cry的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾boy，因而正確答案為crying。（單選）Time, _ correctly, is money in the bank.   A.  to use  B. used  C. using

19、0; D. Use分析：因?yàn)楸揪湟延兄^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is，且沒(méi)有連詞或引導(dǎo)詞，故排除謂語(yǔ)形式D；而time與use為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選B。謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 過(guò)去分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 表被動(dòng).2.現(xiàn)在分詞做表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)特征。The situation is encouraging.過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)表示某種狀態(tài)。The boy is too frightened to move.3.現(xiàn)在分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系。Dont keep us waiting for a long time.過(guò)去分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。He will have his hair cu

20、t after school. 4.分詞做狀語(yǔ)、邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)。The students went out of the room, talking and laughing.Seen from the hill, our school looks more beautiful.作狀語(yǔ):分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)可以作時(shí)間、原因、方式、結(jié)果、伴隨等狀語(yǔ)。如：Being a student, I must study hard.作為一名學(xué)生，我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。（原因狀語(yǔ)）He ran out of the room, shouting loudly.他大喊著從房間分階段跑出來(lái)。(伴隨狀語(yǔ))5現(xiàn)在分詞表示

21、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，過(guò)去分詞表示完成的動(dòng)作。如：fallen leaves 落葉（已落下）falling leaves 正在飄落的樹(shù)葉 developing country 發(fā)展中國(guó)家developed country 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家6. 現(xiàn)在分詞表示事物本身所具有的性質(zhì)，意為“令人的”；過(guò)去分詞表人感到.常用的還有：interesting/interested, exciting/excited,tiring/tired, boring/bored. 中考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：1) stop doing/to dostop to do停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。They stop to smoke a ciga

22、rette. stop doing停止做某事。I must stop smoking.2) forget doing/to do （同remember） forget to do忘記要去做某事（未做) forget doing忘記做過(guò)某事(已做)The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.(沒(méi)有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)He forgot turning the light off. ( 已做過(guò)關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作) 3) regret doing/to do regret to do 對(duì)要做的事遺憾。(未做 regret doing

23、對(duì)做過(guò)的事遺憾、后悔。(已做) I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. I don't regret telling her what I thought.我不為告訴她我的想法而后悔。4) try doing/to do try to do努力，企圖做某事。You must try to be more careful. try doing 試驗(yàn)，試著做某事。 I tried gardening but didn't succeed. 6) go on doing/to do go on to do做了一件事后，接著

24、做另一件事。 go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事。 After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 7) mean doing/to do mean to do打算、想I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. mean doing意味著To raise wage（提高工資） means increasing purchasing power(購(gòu)買力）.8） can't help to do/doing can't help to do 不

25、能幫助做某事can't help doing情不自禁做He couldnt help to wash the clothes. 我不能幫忙洗衣服。She couldnt help smiling. 她禁不住笑了起來(lái)。9） 關(guān)于use的短語(yǔ)： used to do 過(guò)去常常做某事 be/get used to doing 習(xí)慣做 Sb use sth to do/for doing使用.做 被動(dòng)sth be used to do/for doing10） have sb do s

26、th 讓某人做某事have sb doing sth 讓某人做某事=keep sth doinghave sth done 讓某事被做11） 寧愿做.而不愿做 prefer (not) to do sth.  寧愿（不）做某事= would rather (not) do sth. prefer sb. (not) to do sth.    寧愿某人(不)去做某事 prefer to do sth.1 rather than do sth.2  寧愿做事情1，而不愿做事情2. =would rather do sth.1 than (do)

27、sth.2 =prefer doing sth.1 to doing sth.2 (to為介詞)12）既可跟do又可跟doing形式的情況: do (強(qiáng)調(diào)全過(guò)程或經(jīng)常做，注意被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）see/watch/hear/notice sb doing（強(qiáng)調(diào)正在做）<隨堂練習(xí)>用所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空：1、He is funny, he always makes us (laugh).2、He speaks loudly to make himself heard clearly. 3、Do you know the boy _ _ （lie） under the tree?4、The missing boys were seen _ _（play)near the river.5、He is often seen (play) football on the playgrou