2016屆中考英語(yǔ)常考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)專題講練：動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(含解析)

1、動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)易錯(cuò)清單1 .主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)1 1) open, lock, write, read, sell, wash, cut, burn, drive 等詞作不 及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它們的主語(yǔ)為物，可以用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)意義。如：Mo Yan's novels sell well.莫言的小說(shuō)很好賣(銷路好)。(2)表示感覺的連系動(dòng)詞如feel, look, smell, sound, taste等后跟 表語(yǔ)時(shí)，總是用其主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,它們不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：The table feels smooth.這張桌子摸起來(lái)很光滑。(3)在 be worth doing 中，doing 表

2、被動(dòng)意義。The book is well worth reading.這本書很值得一讀。 want/need/require+doing 相當(dāng)于 want/need/ require +to be doneo 如：The library needs cleaning.=The library needs to be cleaned.圖書館需要打掃了。2 .不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況(1)當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)是表示狀態(tài)或特征的及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。這樣的 及物動(dòng)詞有 have, become, cost, reach, sell, arrive, fit, hold, own, suit 等。如：We have

3、 a good teacher.我們有一位好老師。The classroom holds 80 students.這間教室容納80個(gè)學(xué)生。(2)及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)為反身代詞、相互代詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、同源賓 語(yǔ)時(shí)，都沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：The boy taught himself English.這男孩自學(xué)英語(yǔ)。We help each other.我們互相幫助。(3)當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，很少用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：She likes to swim.她喜歡游泳。3 .被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別動(dòng)詞“be+過(guò)去分詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)既可以是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也可以是系表結(jié) 構(gòu)。這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)主要的區(qū)別是:被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作,系

4、表結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。 我們還可以通過(guò)以下方法來(lái)判斷：(1)從形式上來(lái)看,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)往往接by施動(dòng)者，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)往往有固 定的搭配,如 be separated from, be covered with, be interested in, be surprised at, be satisfied with 等。如：We were surprised at the unexpected news.聽到這個(gè)意外消息,我們感到驚訝。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))注意:句中有“by+人”時(shí),多用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);而“by+物”時(shí),多屬系表 結(jié)構(gòu)。如：The house was surrounded by the police.這

5、房子被警察包圍了。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）The house was surrounded by trees.這房子四周都是樹。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示靜止的狀態(tài)）（2）從時(shí)態(tài)上來(lái)看,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的be時(shí)態(tài)要與動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間一致;而 系表結(jié)構(gòu)的be只有一般時(shí)或完成時(shí),表示目前或過(guò)去的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。如:This window was broken by Kate yesterday.這窗戶是凱特昨天打破的。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）This glass is broken.這塊玻璃是破的。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)，指目前的狀 態(tài)）（3）從句中的狀語(yǔ)來(lái)看,過(guò)去分詞前有well, very, quite等副詞修飾 的是系表結(jié)構(gòu);若句中有時(shí)間、方式或目的

6、狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:The play is well written.這劇本寫得很好。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）The play was written with great care.這劇本是非常用心地寫 出來(lái)的。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),有方式狀語(yǔ)）（4）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的過(guò)去分詞必須是及物動(dòng)詞，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過(guò)去 分詞可以是gone, fallen, risen等不及物動(dòng)詞。如：My pen is gone.我的鋼筆不見了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）The sun is risen.太陽(yáng)升起來(lái)了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）提分策略1.判斷主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者還是承受者在解答被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)題時(shí)首先要判斷主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)作的關(guān)系，如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng) 作的執(zhí)行者，則該

7、句為主動(dòng)句；如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，則該句為被動(dòng) 句。依據(jù)句子意思做出正確選擇。1 二二I I heard that Line 1 of Ningbo Subway-last month.A. was testedB. is testedC. tests D. tested考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。由句意“我聽說(shuō)上個(gè)月寧波一號(hào)鐵 路線被檢測(cè)了”判斷,句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受著,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，last month是一般過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故選Ao容條AMany trees on the streetsevery year. So the air is very fresh now

8、.A. plantB. are plantedC. plantedD. were planted考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。根據(jù)"every year”得知用一般 現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)是many trees,故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因此選B?！敬鸢? BThe sports meeting next month.A. will hold B. is going to holdC. will be held考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。主語(yǔ)the sports meeting不能 執(zhí)行謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞hold,是hold的承受者，需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。next month說(shuō)明 句子用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為:will

9、be heldo故選C。C2.正確判斷時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)離不開時(shí)態(tài)?？忌斡浉鞣N時(shí)態(tài),掌握被動(dòng)句的構(gòu)成,不 能混淆。依據(jù)句子中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或上下文暗示,分析判斷句子時(shí)態(tài)。1 1We're sure that the environmentin our city greatly through our work in the near future.A. improved B. was improvedC. has improvedD. will be improved考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。句意：我們相信我們城市的 環(huán)境在不久的將來(lái)通過(guò)我們的工作將被大大改善?！庇删渲械膇n the nea

10、r future判斷,該句要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式,所以選DoThe Chinese writer has got lots of fans in France. His new book into French as soon as it came out.A. was translatedB. translatedC. is translatedD. translates考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 根據(jù)題干his new book和translate的 關(guān)系，應(yīng)該選擇被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，又根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句as soon as it came out 是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，可知“被翻譯”也是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。故選A。答攵

11、A【;可3,2013 一Have you finished your project?一Not yet. r 11 finish it if I ten more minutes.A. give B. am givenC. will give D. will be given考查動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：如果再給我十分鐘我會(huì)完 成它。主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞give之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在 時(shí)表將來(lái)。故選B。答案1 B.專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1. It's reported that some capsules （膠囊）arereally bad our health.一Sounds terribl

12、e. Hopefully the problem as soon as possibleA. to;is solved B. for;has solvedC. to;was solved D. for;will be solved2. Lots of trees and flowers on bothsides of the road last year. Oh, beautiful they are!A. have been planted;whatB. were planted;whatC. were planted;howD. have been planted;what3. 一Can

13、you play the piece of music forus,Cathy?一Of course. It many times.A. teachesB. is taughtC. has been taughtD. taught114.The sick boyto hospital by the policeyesterday.A. is taken B. was takenC. takesD. took5. Driving after drinking wine in China.A. allowsB. doesn't allowC. is allowedD. isn，t allo

14、wed6. I to take part in the English speech contestlast week.A. askB. askedC. am askedD. was asked7. 一May I use your cup, Tom?一Sorry, it by my sister just now.A. was broken B. is broken C. broke8. r m glad to find that many trees inour city last year.A. plantB. plantedC. were planted D. are planted9.

15、 一Do you have any problems if you thisjob?一Well, r m thinking about the working day.A. offerB. will offerC. are offeredD. will be offered參考答案與解析1. D解析:考查一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。故選D?！癰e bad for. （對(duì)有害）”是固定搭配，所以排除A、C兩項(xiàng)。因?yàn)閼?yīng)答句后面一句 的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由“as soon as possible （盡快）”判斷，應(yīng)該用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。故選D。2. C解析:考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)

16、態(tài)的用法。句的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承 受者，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由"last year （去年）”判斷，要用一般 過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài);又因?yàn)楹竺嬉痪涫歉袊@句，形容詞"beautiful”之前應(yīng)該用 how來(lái)引導(dǎo)。故選C。3. C解析:考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。應(yīng)答句的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作 的承受者，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以排除A、D兩項(xiàng)。由"many times”判斷動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。故選C。4. B解析:考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)為the sick boy,和動(dòng)詞take之間為 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。再由yesterday可知要用一般去過(guò)時(shí)的被 動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選B。5. D解析:考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意為“酒后駕車在中國(guó)是不被允許的 可知為否定的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),故選Do6. D解析:考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：上周，我被邀請(qǐng)參加英語(yǔ)演講比賽。 根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)用