unitcomputers

1、ComputersUnit 3教材內(nèi)容分析 本單元的聽說讀寫活動圍繞中心話題“計算機”展開，內(nèi)容涉及計算機的發(fā)展歷史，計算機的應用等，其中還談到包括計算機在內(nèi)的幾種信息技術(shù)的載體，智能機器人的發(fā)明等。 “現(xiàn)在完成被動式”是本單元的句法項目。 教學設計說明根據(jù)教學內(nèi)容可將本單元分為四個課時來進行教學：1.Warming up與reading整合成一課時，重點在于引導學生了解計算機的發(fā)展歷史。2.Learning about language作為一課時，著重幫助學生分析文章中的語言點和掌握本單元的語法項目。3.Using language中的listening和speaking作為一課時，引導學生

2、進一步了解和談論關于IT的知識。4.Using language中的reading和writing作為一課時，旨在激發(fā)學生對于計算機興趣以及設計機器人。I am very old now. I was born in China. Many people used me for calculating in the past, but now I am a bit lonely because they dont like me now. Do you know who I am?abacusRiddles (Riddles (謎語) )I can be used for calculatin

3、g. Besides, I can also be used for watching DVD, sending e-mail and communicating through the Internet. However, I am not a PC, because Im small enough for you to take me with you. Do you know who I am?laptopPDA Personal Digital AssistantI am so small in size that I can fit in your hand. I usually h

4、ave a small screen usually bigger than a digital phone, however smaller than the smallest laptop, Im a great way to store telephone numbers, access the internet, make calculations, and so on. Do you know who I am?I am very small. I can be used for calculating. In China, a lot of students use me when

5、 solving mathematical problems. Do you know who I am?calculatorI am very big. Scientists use me to solve some mathematical problems. huge computerDo you know who I am?robotIm a machine that works automatically. I can do a wide variety of tasks, especially suitable for doing jobs too boring, difficul

6、t,or dangerous for human beings. Do you know who I am?PC Personal ComputerIm a small, relatively inexpensive computer designed for an individual user. Im based on the microprocessor technology. At home, people use me to surf the Internet and play games. Do you know who I am?PDAabacuscalculatorhuge c

7、omputerPClaptopWhats next?Can you tell the development of computers?robotDo you know in what ways computers are used today? Work out a list and compare it with your partner.search for see movieslisten to musicread books and magazinessend emails to friendsdownload music and filmsbuy things on linepla

8、y games on the computerdraw pictureslook at photographs on the computeruse a computer for school worktake part in chat groupsWHO AM I?Reading1. Who is the speaker in this story? 2. Whats the main idea of this passage? A. The development of computers. B. The development and use of computers. C. A mac

9、hine which is simple-minded. D. Computers may replace human beings.A computer.SkimmingReading Comprehension I16421822The analytical machine was made by Charles Babbage.The computer began as a calculating machine1936The computer grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower.Finish the timeline below.Sc

10、anningReading Comprehension II1940sThe first family of computers was connected to each other.1970s Now1960sComputers were used in offices and homes.Computers connect people all over the world together.The computer had grown as large as a room.These changes only became possible as my memory improved.

11、Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.Over time I have been changed quite a lot.Para 1:Para 2:Para 3:Match the main ideas and the paragraphs.Reading Comprehension IIIComplete the chart below. Para-graph 1Para-graph 2Para-graph 3Topic sentenceSupporting detailstubescommunica-ti

12、ons financeScanningReading ComprehensionParagraph 1Topic sentenceOver time I have been changed quite a lot.Supporting details1 calculating machine2 analytical machine3 universal machine4 PC5 laptopParagraph 2Topic sentenceThese changes only became possible as my memory improved.Supporting details1 t

13、ubes2 transistors3 chips4 network5 World Wide WebParagraph 3Topic sentenceSince the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.Supporting details1 communications 2 finance 3 trade4 robots 5 mobile phones6 medical operations7 space rockets8 providing a life of high qualityBrainstorm a list of

14、 things that you, your school and your familyuse computers for.Think about what you wouldhave to do if you could not usecomputers any more.DiscussionDiscussion Fill the word or expression for each of the following meanings from the text.1 _ complete change in ways of thinking, working, etc2 _ connec

15、ted computer system3 _ to make things easierrevolutionnetworksimplify4 _ to find the answer using numbers5 _can be moved easily from place to place6 _ to work out the answer to a problem7 _to travel around an area to find out about itcalculatemobilesolveexplore8 _ completely9 _ anyway10 _ activity o

16、f managing moneytotallyanyhowfinanceComplete the passage with the words below.artificial technology intelligent applications explore Web reality logicallyMy brother was very interested in computers and enjoyed writing programs of his own. He used to download information from the Internet and madegoo

17、d use of it. He liked to _ the World Wide _ and used the Internet to communicate with computer programmers all over the world. When he went to university he studied IT (information _)and developed a special in _exploreWebtechnologyartificialintelligence. After developing special _of the computer, he

18、 hopes to design an _ robot which can think _ and look like human being, but in _ he was a long way to go.logicallyapplicationsintelligentreality1. calculate vt. work (sth.) out by using numbers 計算計算e.g. calculate the cost of sth.calculator n. 計算器2. universal adj. existing everywhere or involving ev

19、eryone普遍的；通用的；宇宙的 universal rules 一般的原則universe n. 宇宙; 萬有; 世界; 全人類Our world is but a small part of theuniverse. 我們的世界只是宇宙的一小部分。 3. simplify vt to make something less complicated and therefore easier to do or understand 簡化 The English in this story has been simplified to make it easier to understand.

20、 這個故事里的英語被簡寫了，可更 容易理解。4. logical adj. 合邏輯的；合清理的 a logical thinker 思想有邏輯性的人 a logical process 合理的程序 logically adv. 邏輯上； 有條理地He acted logically under the circumstances.在這種情況下他做事仍然很理智。 Logically, the decision is obvious. 從邏輯上，這項決定是明顯的。 5. technologytechnique (n.) technologist (person) technical (adj.)t

21、echnological (adj.)1) This company is in great need of many _. 2) To build this machine, you must have _ability. 3) Do you know the knowledge of agricultural _.technologiststechnicaltechnique6. artificial adj. 人造的; 假的 artificial flowers / limbs / pearls 假花 / 假肢 / 假珍珠 artificial intelligence 人工智能7. i

22、ntelligence noun U the ability to learn, understandand make judgments or have opinionsthat are based on reason. 智力；聰明intelligence quotient 智商an intelligence test 智力測驗an intelligence agent 情報員; 諜報員intelligent adj. 智能的；聰明的an intelligent reader 理解力強的讀者an intelligent being 有智力的動物intelligent reply 巧妙的答復H

23、e is an intelligent person.他是一位有才智的人。 8. solvevt. 解決；解答1) I cant solve the problem. 我解答不了這個難題。 2) Help me to solve my financial troubles.請幫我解決經(jīng)濟困難. 3) The greatest scholar cannot solve this difficult problem. 再偉大的學者也沒有辦法解答這個難題吧。 9. fromon 從時起From then on, the prince andprincess lived happily.從那時起，王子

24、與公主就幸福地生活在一起。10. as a result 結(jié)果1) He didnt work hard, as a result he failed his exam. 他不用功, 結(jié)果考試不及格。 2) Five hundred jobs were axed as a result of government spending cuts. 由于政府縮減經(jīng)費的緣故, 有五百人被突然解雇了。 3) He was late as a result of the snow. 由于大雪他遲到了。 11. so that 如此以致于與 tooto 句型的相互轉(zhuǎn)換e.g. He is so old th

25、at he cant carry the box. He is too old to carry the box. 此結(jié)構(gòu)中的that從句表示結(jié)果。 The stone is so heavy that no one can lift it. 比較: so that 既能表結(jié)果，也能表目的。 so.that.結(jié)構(gòu)的so+形容詞/副詞位于句 首時，句子用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 So hard does he work that he seldom goes home.12. explore vt. & vi. 探索；探測；探究1) The experts are exploring every pa

26、rt of the island. 專家們正在勘查這個島的各個部分。 2) He had an itch to get away and explore. 他等不及要動身去探險。 3) Can you explore the market possibility for us? 您能為我們考察一下市場前景嗎？ 13. anyhowadv. 無論如何；即使如此；至少1) I couldnt think of the name of that man anyhow. 我怎么也想不出那人的名字來了。 2) Anyhow, you can try. 至少你可以試試。 3) Anyhow I must

27、tell the truth. 無論如何，我必須說出真相。 14. goal n. 目標；目的；球門 ones goal in life 生活的目標 a common goal 一個共同的目標 keep goal 守球門 win by two goals 以兩球獲勝 He achieved his goal. 他達到了他的目標。 He kicked a goal. 他踢進一球。 15. human race 人類1) Is the human race threatened with complete extinction? 人類是否會受到完全滅絕的威脅呢？ 2) Everything you

28、 say seems to be pervaded with a mistrust of the human race. 你說的一切似乎都滲透了對人類的不信任。 Difficult sentences analysisI am now truly filled with happiness that I am a devoted friend and helperof the human race! S. P.我現(xiàn)在充滿了幸福感，成了人類的好朋友好幫手！同位語從句O.Adv.The Present Perfect Passive VoiceGrammar現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)表示動作發(fā)生在過去,

29、 到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在仍有影響。 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)Understanding the structure of the present perfect passive voiceThe structure of the present perfect passive voice is: have / has beened1. 主動語態(tài)即主語為動作的執(zhí)行者；被動語態(tài)即主語為動作的承受者?，F(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)同它的主動語態(tài)一樣，強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，但主語為動作的承受者，表示“已經(jīng)被”。The new school has been set up. 新學校已經(jīng)建成了。2. 現(xiàn)

30、在完成時被動語態(tài)的肯定式為： have / has + been + doneThe experiment has been done successfully. 這個實驗做得很成功?，F(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的否定式為：have / has + not + been + doneToms novel has not been published. 湯姆的小說還沒有被出版?，F(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的一般疑問句需將have / has提到主語的前面。Has his bike been repaired? 他的自行車修好了嗎？現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的特殊疑問句為：疑問詞 + have / has + been +

31、doneWho has been invited? 誰受到了邀請？現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)表達以下兩個概念：1. 說話時已經(jīng)完成的動作或出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。2. 主語是行為動作的承受者。現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)由have/has beenv-ed構(gòu)成，其中v-ed為過去分詞，表示被動。I have been told about it many timesThe bridge has just been built在使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)時要注意以下兩點：1. 過去分詞前有兩個助動詞： have / has和been。2. 必須表示被動。 注意:1. 副詞的位置 often, usually, always

32、, never, hardly, seldom等副詞置于have / has和been中間。如: 誤 Such a man has been hardly believed. 正 Such a man has hardly been believed.2. 并不是所有動詞都有被動語態(tài)(1) happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物動詞或詞組無被 動語態(tài)。如： 誤 Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978. 正 Great changes have tak

33、en place in China since 1978.(2) open, break, drop等不強調(diào)動作發(fā)出 者時常用主動語態(tài)。3. 短語動詞不可分割或省略其中的介詞 或副詞。如：The patients have been taken good care of.4. 一些特殊動詞, 如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。若要表達相應的意思， 則需改換動詞或時態(tài)。如：My brother has had (不能用has bought) this

34、bike for almost four years.How long has this book been bought?How long ago was this book bought?(1) 把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。(2) 把謂語變成被動結(jié)構(gòu) (be過去分詞) (根據(jù)被動語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動語態(tài)句子中動詞的時態(tài)來決定be的形式)。主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法(3) 把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語, 將主格改為賓格。 All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all the people.

35、 They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory.(4) 雙賓語動詞變被動語態(tài)可將其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z， 另一個保留不動。主動：I have given him the key.被動：He has been given the key.被動：The key has been given (to) him.(5) 帶復合賓語的動詞變被動語態(tài)時, 只能將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z, 原來的賓補保留不動， 改稱主語補足語。主動：I have asked her to help you.被動：She has

36、 been asked to help you. 1. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided單選單選 2. Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. A. is used B. are used C. has been

37、 used D. have been used 3. All the preparations for the task _ and were ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed 4. Some new oilfields _ since 1976. A. were opened up B. has opened up C. have been opened up D. had been opened up 5. The silence of the libr

38、ary _ only by the sound of pages being turned over. A. has been broken B. breaks C. broke D. was broken 6. _ the sports meet might be put off. Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I toldTurn the following into the Passive Voice.1. We have planted some trees

39、around the lake.2. My father has locked the door.3. Someone has turned off the light. Some trees have been planted around the lake.The light has been turned off.The door has been locked.4. They will hold the Olympic Games in London in the year 2012.5. They have rebuilt the bridge.The bridge has been

40、 rebuilt.The Olympic Games will be held in London in the year 2012.(1)誤Many new buildings been built since 1980. 正Many new buildings have been built since 1980分析: 謂語部分結(jié)構(gòu)不全, 時態(tài)部分不完整。試分析：(2)誤Something bad has been happened to him. 正Something bad has happened to him.分析: 被動語態(tài)誤用。happen為不及物動詞，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。

41、(3)誤I have introduced to Mr Smith 正I have been introduced to Mr Smith (by Mr Wang).分析: introduce為及物動詞，I是introduce的承受者。(4)誤The door has been opened of itself. 正The door has opened of itself分析: 有些動詞如open，break，drop等既可以作及物動詞，又可以作不及物動詞，若不強調(diào)誰是動作的發(fā)出者，我們通常用主動語態(tài)。of itself意思是“自動地”，因此，此句不可用被動語態(tài)。Put the Chines

42、e into English to complete the sentences.1. You can see the house _ _ (未油漆) for years.2. How many workers _ (已派遣) to build the railway? 3. Why does Mary look so unhappy? She _ (被嘲笑) by her classmates. has not beenpaintedhave been senthas been laughed at4. It is said that the house _ _ (闖進了) by two t

43、hieves. 5. _ his views _ (受到批 判) by them? 6. The two pens _ (未被拿走) by him. 7. Where _ the television _ _ (已經(jīng)修理了)? Havebeen criticizedhave not been taken awayhasbeen repairedbroken intohas been 8. The price of a color TV set _ _ (降價了) again. 9. What _ (已被 譯成) into many foreign languages? been brought

44、 downhas has been translatedListen to the whole text and write down the main idea in onesentence.Two students are talking about information technology.Listen to Part A and fill in the chartbelow. Then do the same with Part B. Part AWhat does IT include?What is the most popular form of IT?books, radi

45、o and TVbooks Part BWhich form of IT describes the skills of a sport bestWhich form of ITHas the most functions?computersTVListening textPart AD: Hi, Laura. Its good to see you because Im so bored . My homework is about Information Technology but I know everything there is to know about it.L= Laura

46、D= DaveWHAT IS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY?L: Come off it, Dave. I think I might know more than you.D: OK. Let me test you! Heres the first question. Whats information technology?L: Gosh, thats easy! Its computer, of course.D: Ah! Thats just where youre wrong. It includes books, radio and TV as well.L: R

47、eally! Well, I never.D: Question number 2. Which is the most popular form of IT in the world?L: Well, that must be computers this time.D: No, its books. Think of all those people in developing countries without computers. Their only form of IT is books!L: Oh dear! Im not doing very well. Part BD: He

48、res the third question. Which form of IT is the best for describing the skills of a sport?L: It must be the radio.D: Actually, its not. The best descriptions are on the TV because you can not only hear the technical language, but also see how it happens.L: Goodness! Wrong again!D: Heres the last que

49、stion. Which form of IT has the most functions?L: This time I must be right. Its the computer, of course.D: Yes. You can watch a film, replay a match, communicate with friends through the Internet, get information and find out whats going on in the world.L: Oh dear! Three questions wrong out of four

50、. Perhaps I dont know as much about IT as I thought I did!What are the advantages and disadvantages of each form of IT?In small groups discuss this question and put your ideas on to the chart. Then decide when each kind of IT is most useful.DiscussionThe advantage / disadvantage is .I think / dont t

51、hink that .Give me your reasons.What makes you think so?I think . because (of) .Use these reasoning expressions in your discussion.Lets decideAs/Since, I think.I agree / dont agree because .First . Second .Ive decided that. I believe that .Lets make a decision.Type of IT AdvantagesdisadvantagesCompu

52、terYou can find information.It is not always accurate.TVYou can both listen and watch.You cannot write to friends.BookYou can get information.Sometimes it is out of date.RadioYou can listen to English.You cannot watch a film.ANDY THE ANDROIDWho is Andy?Andy is part of an android football team.Andy i

53、s as big as a human. In fact, Andy looks like one too.Andy is a striker on the football team.Andy can run very fast.Andys computer chips help him to move and think like a human.1 Read the passage carefully and fill in the file for Andy.Name: _ Appearance:_Size: _ Character: _Andysmall woman with fou

54、r armssame height as a ten-year-oldpatient and kindAbility:_ Job: _ can finish reading some books in a few minutes and print out theinformation when neededhomework helper 2. Create your own android. Fill in the file, and compare with your partner.Name:_ Appearance:_Size:_ Character: _Ability:_ _:_1.

55、 signalvi. & vt. 發(fā)信號 n. 信號1) A red lamp is often a danger signal. 紅燈常常是危險的信號。 2) The police signaled the traffic to move forward slowly. 警察向來往車輛打信號，示意緩慢前行。 3) Her speech yesterday was a signal that her views have changed. 她昨天的講話標志著她的觀點已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)變。4) He seems to be signaling. 他似乎正在發(fā)送信號。2. goal n. 球門；（進球

56、）得分；目標；目的1) Youd better set a goal before you start the drill. 練習開始前，你最好設定一個目標。 2) He has achieved his goal. 他已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)了他的目標。 3) Who is keeping goal/is in goal (ie is goalkeeper) for Arsenal? 誰給阿森納隊守球門? 4) He kicked a penalty goal in the football match. 在這場足球賽中，他主罰，踢進了一個球。 5) That last goal was a beauty.

57、 最后進去的那個球真漂亮。 6) Its in weve got a goal! 球進了我們射門得分！ 7) Thats the twentieth goal hes kicked this season. 這是他本賽季踢進的第二十個球。 3. type 1) n. 類型 This is a new type of machine, with lots of meters on it. 這是一種新型的機器, 上面有許多儀表。 I dont think shes the artistic type. 我認為她不屬藝術(shù)家那類的人。 2) vt. & vi. 打字Will you pleas

58、e type this letter for me? 你幫我打一下這封信好嗎?type:表示各項事物在本類中都是典型的。kind:特指在分類中能放在一起的性質(zhì)相同且相似的一類事物。4. in a way 在某種程度上1) In a way, youre right. 從某一點上看你是對的。2) You should dress in a way that befits a woman of your position. 你的衣著應與你這種地位的婦女相稱。3) The work is well done in a way. 這工作就算做得不錯。4) The scheme rebounded on her in a way she had