講義分享-定語從句(學(xué)生版)

1、XXX英語學(xué)員姓名： 輔導(dǎo)科目：英語 學(xué)科教師： XXX授課類型C定語從句專題C專題針對性訓(xùn)練T能力提升訓(xùn)練授課日期及時段教學(xué)內(nèi)容一、定語從句基本概念 限制性定語從句分類 非限制性定語從句定語從句 先行詞 兩要素 關(guān)系代詞which, that, who, whom, whose 關(guān)系詞 關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why【限定性定語從句】對先行詞有限定制約作用，使該詞的含義更具體明確；不能被省略，否則句意不完整；與先行詞之間無逗號It is the car which/that I want to buy. 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 定語從句This is the place where h

2、e was born. 先行詞 關(guān)系副詞 定語從句【非限定性定語從句】對先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明作用；如果刪除，主句意義仍然完整；與先行詞之間有逗號Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 定語從句My favorite actor is Chaplin, whose films are always very popular. 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 定語從句二、專題知識梳理【關(guān)系代詞】Who 先行詞是人，who在從句中可作主語或賓語；作賓語時，在限定性定語從句中可省略，在非限定性定語從句中不可以省略。The man who stole

3、 his money has been caught. The man (who) I met yesterday was his brother. The chairman, who spoke first, sat on my right. The chairman, who we talked about just now, sat on my right. Whom 先行詞是人，whom在從句中僅可賓語；一般情況下可換成who，但如果前面有介詞，不能換成who。前面沒有介詞時，在限定性定語從句中，可換成who，who/whom也可省略; 在非限定性定語從句中，則不可換成who，也不可以

4、省略。The kid (who/whom) we are looking for is his daughter. Do you know the boy with whom I was talking just now? The kid, whom she saw yesterday, is crying now. The new singer, with whom she is impressed, will come to her school tomorrow.Which 先行詞是物，which在從句中可作主語或賓語；作賓語時，在限定性定語從句中可省略；在非限定性定語從句中不可以省略；

5、which在非限定性定語從句中，不僅可以修飾物，還可以修飾整個主句，which從句可放主句中和主句后面，但不放在主句前。This is the book which was borrowed from Tom. The chair (which) I sat in was a broken one.His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on.They moved the fallen tree, which took them a long time. As as用于限定性定語從句時，固定結(jié)構(gòu)the sameas，suchas或soas,

6、as在句中作主語或賓語；He is not the same person as he was before.He is not such a fool as he looks.He is not so clever a boy as you think.as用于非限定性定語從句時，與which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句有所區(qū)別。1. as修飾整個主句，which 可以修飾一個詞，也可以修飾整個主句。The English test, which he prepared for a long time, was not so difficult. He got up too late, which

7、 made him miss the bus. He was not interested in music at all, as she was told. 1. as可放在主句前、主句中或主句后，which 不能放在句首；The earth goes around the sun, which is known to us all. His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on. As is known to us all, the earth goes around the sun. John, as you know, is a wr

8、iter. He was not interested in music at all, as she was told. 2. 有“正如”的含義，which沒有；As is well known/as we all know, Shanghai is a big city.3. 當(dāng)主句和從句語義一致時，用as, 不一致時，用which；He made a long speech, as we expected. He made a long speech, which was unexpected.4. 否定句時用whichTom drinks a lot every day, which

9、his wife doesnt like.Whose 表示人的所屬或物的所屬；在從句中需接名詞；whose作這個名詞的定語，whose+名詞整體可在從句中作主語或賓語，而且無論作主語還是賓語，都不可以省略人的所屬：I dont know the person whose hat is red. I dislike the speaker whose voice I cant bear. I know Professor Wang, whose class is quite wonderful. I like the writer named Tom, whose books I have re

10、ad twice.物的所屬：The room whose window faces south is her bedroom. The room of which the window faces south is her bedroom. That 先行詞是人和物，在從句中可作主語或賓語；不可用于非限定性定語從句;作賓語時，可省略;The girl who/that is standing there is my teacher.This is the book which/that was borrowed from Tom. that 在限制性定語從句中既可指人又可指事或物。在下列情況下

11、，只能用that 來引導(dǎo)定語從句： 1. 先行詞是all , much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing 等不定代詞時。例如： Is there anything that you want to buy? Is that all that you want to say?Little that he said was believable.2. 先行詞被all, few, little, much, every, some, no等詞修飾;或被the only, the very, the same, the last 等限定詞修飾時。例

12、如： These are all the pictures that I have seen. This is the very dictionary that is of great help. This is the last thing that I want to see.3. 先行詞既指人又指物時。例如： My father and his teacher talked a lot about the things and the persons that they could remember. 4.關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時。例如： Our school is not the

13、one that it used to be. This is no longer the place that it used to be.He is not the man that he was.5. 先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時。例如： This is the best English film that I have ever seen. The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities. 6. 主句是who 或which 引導(dǎo)的特殊問句時。例如： Who is the girl that is stand

14、ing under the tree? Which is the machine that we used last Sunday? 7. 當(dāng)先行詞為表示方式的詞the way時，可用that引導(dǎo)定語從句, that常可省略。I don't know the way you speak to her.注意：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞的時候，不可以用that。I have many books, one of which is Snow WhiteI know all of them, one of whom is Mary.That is the reason for which he wa

15、s late for school. This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars. 注意：固定短語in that（意思是“因?yàn)椤保?，相?dāng)于because，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us correct our mistakes.注意：定語從句中謂語動詞是含有介詞的動詞短語時，介詞應(yīng)放在動詞之后，不能拆開放在關(guān)系代詞前。例如： This is the key which you are looking for. This is the baby

16、whom you will look after. 3、 專題過關(guān)1. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area _interact with one another.（2013年上海英語高考）2. Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from _ you received gifts?（2012年上海英語高考）3. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _ urgent

17、ly needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.（奉賢2013二模37題）4. Lucy has many positive personality features_ make her popular at school.（寶山2013一模40題） 5. The fallen leaves covered the streets, _ added beauty to the ancient small town. （閔行2011一模31題）6. Our math teacher set such a hard test probl

18、em _ none of us could work out the other day.（嘉定2013一模35題）7. “Ungelivable” is so new an English word coined on the Internet _ is forbidden to appear in official media or documents at present.（奉賢2012二模33題）8. A lot of lovers chose to get married on Dec. 12, 2012, _ the date, the month and the year mat

19、ch.（浦東2013一模35題）9. Of the slogans of the “Occupy Wall Street” movement, one _ is frequently mentioned is: the 99 percent oppose the 1 percent.（寶山2012一模38題）10. According to a report from Shanghai, the city has about 800,00 pet dogs, of_ more than half were unregistered.（閘北2011一模29題）【關(guān)系副詞】When 在定語從句中作

20、狀語，代指時間I still remember the day when I first came to the school.The time when we got together finally came.Where 在定語從句中作狀語，代指地點(diǎn)Shanghai is the city where I was born.The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.Why在定語從句中作狀語，代指原因，先行詞都是reason；可與for which 互換；不可以用于非限定性定語從句，但for which可以。Plea

21、se tell me the reason why/for which you missed the plane.I dont know the reason why/for which he looks unhappy today.He didn't tell me the reason, for which he lost his job.典型例題21. Mozart's birthplace and the house _ he composed "The Magic Flute" are both museums now.（2009年上海英語高考）2

22、. Gone are the days _ surgery meant cutting a patient open. Modern medicine offers doctors less invasive tools to operate on disease-stricken bodies.（楊浦2012一模40題）3. In a sports team, each player has a clear role, and there are few occasions _ members are confused or uncertain of their roles.（浦東2011一

23、模31題） 4. Grass skiing is a rising form of entertainment, popular with young people, _ sliding on the grass would be adventurous and enjoyable.（閘北2013二模28題）5. Tell me the reason_ you failed again. (奉賢2009年一模)6. Error correction in a language class should never be carried to the point_ it discourages

24、students from getting involved.（嘉定2013二模38題）7. The old man took the policemen back to the same place _ he had witnessed the robbery.（虹口2012二模39題）8. Can you think of some cases _ drivers obviously knew the traffic rules but didn't obey them?（閔行2012二模34題）9. Parties _ alcohol is served can go downh

25、ill quickly if drinking is basically the only thing to do at the party.（徐匯2011二模35題）10. It is very different from the situation in the wild, _ the vast majority of camels will die or be killed before they grow up.（長寧2011一模29題）【重難點(diǎn)】1. the +名詞+of + whom (which) 的結(jié)構(gòu)= whose + 名詞下面兩組中的三個句子意思相同，例如： The ri

26、ver whose banks are covered with trees flows to the sea. The river of which the banks are covered with trees flows to the sea. The river the banks of which are covered with trees flows to the sea.2. 具體的地點(diǎn)名詞后可以接where從句，但其他如case, point, situation, condition, job等表示“情況，方面”的名詞也同樣加where從句，這種用法源于“in this

27、case, at this point, in this situation, under the condition”等短語。具體的時間名詞后可接when從句，但如果先行詞為occasion，同樣也加when從句。例如：There are many cases where this rule does not hold good. He had to face the conditions where pressure was heavy.I will show you the point where you fail.3. 必須使用非限制性定語從句的情況：1) 當(dāng)先行詞為專有名詞或球類、疾

28、病、學(xué)科等獨(dú)一無二的事物時。如：He caught SARS, which threatened people a lot. Basketball, which is now played in over 100 countries, is the most popular game in the world.2) 當(dāng)定語從句由“代詞/數(shù)詞/名詞/形容詞比較級/最高級等+of+which/whom”引導(dǎo)時，例如：China has hundreds of islands off its southeast coast, the largest of which is Taiwan.3) 當(dāng)定語

29、從句修飾整個主句時。如：They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.They moved the fallen tree, which took them a long time. 3. 區(qū)別定語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型是It is.that/who；去掉it isthat/who這幾個詞后，強(qiáng)調(diào)句句意仍然完整，定語從句則不完整。例如：It was a room where we used to have meetings. 定語從句It was in the room that we used

30、 to have meetings. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型4. 區(qū)別where引導(dǎo)的定語從句和狀語從句：where引導(dǎo)的定語從句前有名詞，從句是修飾這個名詞的，而where引導(dǎo)的狀語從句前面一般沒有名詞，從句在整個句子中作狀語。例如：This is the city where I was born.Where there is a will, there is a way.四學(xué)法提煉1. 判斷是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型還是定語從句。2. 判斷是限定性定語從句還是非限定性定語從句。如果是非限定性定語從句則不需要考慮that。尤其，要注意非限定性定語從句有可能是修飾整個主句，此時一般用as或者which。3. 判斷有無先行

31、詞，如果沒有先行詞，則需要補(bǔ)上。4. 如果有先行詞判斷是人還是物，是地點(diǎn)、時間還是原因；注意關(guān)系詞前是否有介詞搭配，有介詞搭配也不可以用that。5. 判斷先行詞類別后，注意先行詞屬不屬于必須用that的情況或者屬不屬于不能用that的情況，最后選出合適的關(guān)系詞。 單項(xiàng)選擇：下面每道題有四個選項(xiàng)，請選出最佳答案。1. The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice.  A. at

32、 which  B. on that  C. in which  D. of what       2. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old.   A. whose  B. of which&#

33、160;C. in which D. on which   3. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what   4. He failed in the

34、60;examination, _ made his father very angry.  A. which B. it C. that D. what   5. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the con

35、cert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that   6. The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister.  A. who is

36、0;singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing 7. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.  A. learn B. who C. that learns 

37、D. who learn   8. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out.  A. that againsts B. that against C. who is against D. who are against   9. Didnt you

38、 see the man _?   A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now  C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now   10. C

39、an you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about 11. Is there any

40、thing _ to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs   12. - “How do you like the book?” - “Its quite different fr

41、om _ I read last month.” A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what   13. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _ who had

42、60;already taken them.  A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others   14. The train _ she was travelling was late.  A. which B. where C. on wh

43、ich D. in that   15. He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept. A. where B. in which C. under which D. which   16. Antarc

44、tic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.  A. which B. where C. that D. about which   17. Its the third time _

45、 late this month.  A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived   18. It was in 1969 _ the American astron

46、aut succeeded in landing on the moon.  A. that B. which C. when D. in which   19. May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never f

47、orget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which   20. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _ live my grandparents and some relat

48、ives. A. which B. that C. who D. where   21. The hotel _ during our holidays stands by the seaside. A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. 

49、;we stayed D. in that we stayed   22. Is it in that factory _ “Red Flag” cars are produced? A. in which B. where C. which D. that   23. 

50、;It is the Suez Canal _ separates Asia _ Africa.   A. which, to B. where, from C. that, from D. that, with   24. Under the bridge, however, almos

51、t directly below, _ was a small canoe, with a boy in it.  A. there B. where C. it D. which   25. He is not _ a fool _. A. such, as

52、 he is looked B. such, as he looks C. as, as he is looked D. so, as he looks   26. Is that the reason _ you are in favour of the p

53、roposal? A. which B. what C. why D. for that   27. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. who D. what &#

54、160; 28. He has two sons, _ work as chemists. A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom   29. I, _ your good frien

55、d, will try my best to help you out.  A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is   30. He is a man of great experience, _ much can&

56、#160;be learned. A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom     31. I dont like _ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C.

57、0;the way which D. the way of which   32. The two things _ they felt very proud are Jims gold watch and Dellas hair.  A. about which B. of w

58、hich C. in which D. for which       33. There is only one thing _ I can do. A. what B. that C. all D. which   34. Who can

59、0;think of a situation _ this idiom can be used? A. which B. that C. where D. in that   35. I have many books, some of _ are on chemistry. &

60、#160;A. them B. that C. which D. those   36. They were interested _ you told them. A. in which B. in that C. all that D. in everything   37.

61、 The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, _ much help for knowing space.   A. which we think it is B. which we think are of C. of whi

62、ch we think is D. I think which is of     38. I like the second football match _ was held last week. A. which B. who C. that D. / 

63、  39. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one   40. Is this factory _ some foreign friends&

64、#160;visited last Friday?  A. that B. where C. which D. the one  41. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago?  A. that B. where C. which

65、60;D. the one  42. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 翻譯：1. 你收到這封信的時候，我們將已經(jīng)起航去一個遙遠(yuǎn)小島了。（by the time）2. Tom

66、中學(xué)一畢業(yè)立刻就參軍了。（upon）3. 這場意外事故造成兩人死亡。（result in）4. 你寫的內(nèi)容和這個題目沒有關(guān)系。（have nothing to do with）5. Carter以及他所有的隊(duì)員挖走了墳?zāi)估锏囊磺?。（as well as）6. 他是一位很了不起的老師，所有的學(xué)生都尊敬他。（look up to）7. 請確定在你離開教室的時候?qū)⑺械拈T窗都關(guān)好，以防有人闖入。（make sure; in case）8. 盡管這個地區(qū)被山環(huán)繞，但是山上的樹木卻正在遭到破壞。（even though）9. 無論你做出什么樣的決定，我們都堅(jiān)決支持你。（whatever）10. 政府一直

67、向洪澇地區(qū)輸送免費(fèi)的食物和衣服。（provide）翻譯：1. By the time you receive this letter, we have set sail for a faraway island.2. Upon graduating from high school, Tom joined the army immediately.3. The unexpected accident resulted in two deaths of people.4. What you have written had nothing to do with this title.5. Cat

68、er, as well as all his group members, emptied the tomb of everything it contained.6. He is a great teacher, who all the students look up to.7. Please make sure that you have closed all the windows and doors in case someone break in.8. Even though this area is surrounded by hills, the trees are being

69、 destroyed now.9. Whatever decision you make, we will strongly support you/ give you full support. 10. The government kept the flooded areas provided with food and clothing free of charge.閱讀：When you think of the cinema, the phrase "watching a movie" probably comes to mind, and, in fact, m

70、oviemakers work very hard to make their films interesting visually. But movies also contain stories, dialogues, music and sound effects - things that people don't need to see in order to enjoy. Movie reviewer Marty Klein has created a website to help visually impaired people choose movies that they can follow themselves. Klein gives movies a rating from 1 to 10. A movie receives a high rating if there are only a few main characters whose voices are easy to recognize. Klein also likes an interesting story without too many changes in time an