專插本英語-非謂語動詞 ppt課件

1、非謂語動詞非限定動詞非謂語動詞非限定動詞一包括動詞不定式、動名詞、和分詞一包括動詞不定式、動名詞、和分詞三三.非限定動詞具有動詞的特征非限定動詞具有動詞的特征.可以有自可以有自己的賓語、狀語。有語態(tài)和時態(tài)的變化。己的賓語、狀語。有語態(tài)和時態(tài)的變化。 另外還有一些非動詞的特征，相當(dāng)于名詞、另外還有一些非動詞的特征，相當(dāng)于名詞、描畫詞等，在句子里可以作這些詞類所能用描畫詞等，在句子里可以作這些詞類所能用作的句子成分作的句子成分二二.非限定動詞在句中不能單獨作謂非限定動詞在句中不能單獨作謂 語動詞。不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制。語動詞。不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制。He likes to sing. The

2、y like to sing.The man walking in front was carrying a book.The men walking in front were carrying books.非謂語動詞主賓表定狀賓補To dodoingDoingdone to do doing doing(分詞分詞) to be done being done being done to have done having done having done to have been done having been done having been doneto be doing to hav

3、e been doing 過去分詞只有過去分詞只有 一種形式一種形式done既既 可以表被動也可可以表被動也可以完成以完成一一.to do 的用法的用法1.作主語 To talk with her is a great pleasure. To learn from others is very important.It is a great pleasure to talk with her.It is very important to learn from others. 2.作作 表語表語Her wish is to become a famous singer.Our plan is

4、 to finish the work in two weeks.3.作賓語作賓語He wishes to go abroad to have a further study.We have decided to give them a hand.4.作定語作定語I was the first woman to travel alone at the North pole.Shang hai is the first city in the world to have built a highspeed maglev train.5.作狀語作狀語 目的結(jié)果目的結(jié)果But what should

5、 I do to celebrate my 60th birthday?To make as much use of the land as possible ,two or more crops are plantedA few years later he came home to find his home town changed.I hurried to the post office, only to find it was closed.6. 作賓補作賓補What the teacher said encouraged us to try our best at our work

6、.Her wonderful career inspires many people to believe success is within reach for everyone.to do 在句中作主語、表語、賓語、在句中作主語、表語、賓語、 定語、狀語、賓補。定語、狀語、賓補。二二.動名詞的用法動名詞的用法Jia did experiments and showed that planting wheat close is better.Working in a company is my wish.hosing what to eat is no longer as easy as i

7、t once was.Making eye contact looking into someones eyes-is a way to show interest.1.作主語作主語2.作賓語作賓語 (動詞動詞/介詞介詞)I prefer watching TV and playing computer games.Since Kwanzaa is a time for learning as well as joy, people celebrate it by lighting a candle each day and discussing one of the seven princi

8、ples of Kwanzaa.The actors makes us laugh by making fun of somebodys way of dressing or telling an amusing story.3. 作表語作表語A good way of saying “I am full is moving the hand in circles over the stomach after a meal.My job is teaching you English.4.作定語作定語Eating habits become part of who we are.They wa

9、nt to go to the reading room this afternoon.動名詞動名詞doing在句中作主語、賓語、在句中作主語、賓語、 表語、定語。表語、定語。三三.分詞的用法分詞的用法 (如今分詞如今分詞/過去分詞過去分詞)1.作表語 (具有描畫詞的特征This book is very interesting .This play is very moving and instructive.The cups are broken. / He is married.比較：比較：The spirit is inspiring the people all over the c

10、ountry.His report is inspiring.2. 作定語作定語Oprahwinfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story. It is a seven-day festival celebrating the culture and history of African American.s there was another car coming in the other direction.We also make choices based on how the products are

11、grown or made.Perhaps the best example of universally understood body language is the smile. 3.作狀語作狀語Lying on the ice ,I would soon die.(時間時間)I struggled to my knees, knowing that some how I had to put my tent up for shelter.(伴隨伴隨)His parents died ,leaving him a orphan.(結(jié)果結(jié)果)Having realized that I c

12、ould use a kite to attract lightning , I decided to do an experiment. (分詞的完成時態(tài)作時間狀語分詞的完成時態(tài)作時間狀語).Heated ,ice begins to melt.Inspired by the spirit of the hero ,they worked even harder.Pressing ones palms together and resting ones head on the back of ones hand while closing the eyes as if sleeping. m

13、eans “I am tired,When asked the question, I gave a clear and exact answer.If invited, I will go to the party together with you.假設(shè)強調(diào)分詞短語所表示的動作假設(shè)強調(diào)分詞短語所表示的動作和主句動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)和主句動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生。分詞短語前用生。分詞短語前用when、while。4.作賓補作賓補Other nutrients help keep our body functioning well.With the work done , we went o

14、ut to play.We found the students reading outside.We found our hometown completely changed. 非謂語動詞的否認(rèn)式:“not+ to do/doing/done構(gòu)成Not knowing what to do ,he turned to the teacher for help. She started early so as not to be late.如今分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別如今分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別1.語態(tài)上不同語態(tài)上不同 an exciting story /an excited person a m

15、oving film /a moved audience a leading cadre /an unknown hero a tiring journey /a tired football player分詞在句中作表語、定語、狀語、賓補。分詞在句中作表語、定語、狀語、賓補。2.時間關(guān)系上不同時間關(guān)系上不同developing countries/developed countriesthe changing world /the changed worldboiling water /boiled waterthe falling leaves /the fallen leaves非謂語動

16、詞主賓表定狀賓補To dodoingDoingdone留意：留意：.to do 和和 doing 作主語和表語用作主語和表語用法一樣。表示泛指意義的行為時多法一樣。表示泛指意義的行為時多用動名詞也可用用動名詞也可用to do但表示詳細的行為特別是未來的但表示詳細的行為特別是未來的行為時，必需用行為時，必需用to do。 主語和表語都是非謂語動詞時，主語和表語都是非謂語動詞時，兩者在方式上應(yīng)該一致。兩者在方式上應(yīng)該一致。Seeing is believing 。/To see is to believe。His hobby is collecting stamps。Her wish is to

17、become a singer。My job is teaching = Teaching is my job。分詞作表語表示特性、形狀。分詞作表語表示特性、形狀。The story is interesting 。特性。特性The news is exciting。 特性特性He is interested in the story。形狀。形狀The cup is broken。 形狀形狀We are learning English .動作動作The cup was broken by Tom .動作動作2. 動名詞動名詞 作賓語時作賓語時,在意義上比較普通和籠統(tǒng)在意義上比較普通和籠統(tǒng),時

18、時 間觀念不強間觀念不強,不指某一次動作。動詞不定式作不指某一次動作。動詞不定式作 賓語常表示某個詳細動作。賓語常表示某個詳細動作。He likes swimming, but he doesnt like to swim today.只能跟只能跟 to do的動詞的動詞want、wish、hope、expect、decide、agree、manage、promise、pretend只能跟動名詞的動詞只能跟動名詞的動詞enjoy、finish、mind、miss、avoid、risk、suggest、escape、practise、insist on、give up二者皆可無區(qū)別二者皆可無區(qū)別

19、begin、start、like、hate、prefer、continue、intend二者皆可但有區(qū)別二者皆可但有區(qū)別stop、remember、forget 、try、regret、mean3.動名詞和如今分詞作定語時的區(qū)別動名詞和如今分詞作定語時的區(qū)別 動名詞作定語時動名詞作定語時,和它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上沒有和它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上沒有主謂關(guān)系，既它不是該名詞的動作。如今分詞作定語主謂關(guān)系，既它不是該名詞的動作。如今分詞作定語時時,那么和它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系那么和它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系,它是該它是該名詞的動作名詞的動作.a sleeping car a readi

20、ng roomdrinking water a swimming poola sleeping childleading comradesa dancing girlthe coming week=a car for sleeping=a room for reading=water for drinking =a pool for swimming =a child who is sleeping=Comrades who lead=a girl who is dancing=the week that is coming4.動詞不定式和分詞作賓補tell (ask、want、order、g

21、et、advise、would like、persuade+sb+to do sth五看五看三使役三使役二聽二聽一感一感半?yún)f(xié)助半?yún)f(xié)助see、watch、look、observe、noticemake、let、havehear、listenfeelhelp用動詞原形作賓補用動詞原形作賓補see、hear、feel、watchdo doingdoneI hear them sing a pop song in the classroom.I hear them singing a pop songI hear a pop song sung keep、leave、findhave、get+doin

22、g、done5.To do 在句中作目的狀語或結(jié)果狀語在句中作目的狀語或結(jié)果狀語 分詞分詞(doing/done)在句中作狀語時表示時間、在句中作狀語時表示時間、 緣由、方式和伴隨。有時也表結(jié)果。緣由、方式和伴隨。有時也表結(jié)果。When he was reading a book， he nodded from time to time._, he nodded from time=Reading a bookLooking out of the window, I saw Mary._, I saw =When I looked out ofBecause he was ill, he co

23、uldnt come here._, he couldnt come here. =Being illBeing a party member, he is ready to do anything for the people._, he is =Because he is a party memberMany people come to theme parks, looking for thrills and entertainment. (=and they look for thrills )The teacher stood there , surrounded by the St

24、udents.=(and he was surrounded by)_ from the hill, we can see the lake._ from the kill, the lake can be seen. (see)Seeing Seen The professor came in ,_many students. _ by many students. (follow)followingfollowedMany classes took part in the discussion, _ our class.(include) our class_.includinginclu

25、dedAfter he finished his work, he went home._, he went home._, he went home.=Finishing his work=Having finished his workIf weather permits, we will go out for a walk._, we will go outBecause he is ill, we have to do it ourselves._, we have to doAfter the meeting was over, we left the room._, we left

26、 the Weather permittingHe (being) illThe meeting over(獨立主格構(gòu)造獨立主格構(gòu)造)The professor came in with a book in his hand=a book in his hand=book in hand(獨立主格構(gòu)造獨立主格構(gòu)造)Generally speakingHonestly speakingFrankly speakingJudging fromConsidering thatDepending on獨立狀語獨立狀語Exercise Will those _ the children from abr

27、oad come to the headmasters office? A. Teaching B. teach C. who teaches D. Who teaching (shanghai 2019)2.The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung (beijing2000)3.When the first English settlers arrived in the New World, the Indians _ jeweller

28、y made of animal bones greeted them warmly. A. wearing B. to wear C. worn D. having worn (shanghai2019)4.There are hundreds of visitors _in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings. (shanghai 2019 chun) A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D.wait5._the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encourage