被動語態(tài)之二特殊句型篇上課講義

1、<<<<<書品資料中考被動語態(tài)-特殊句型篇目錄一.復(fù)習(xí)被動語態(tài)的八種時(shí)態(tài)二.特殊句型和動詞的被動語態(tài)簡單句的被動語態(tài)雙賓語復(fù)合賓語賓語從句祈使句否定短語動詞（包括動介和動副兩種）情態(tài)動詞附：課堂練習(xí)學(xué)案<<<<<書品資料.復(fù)習(xí)被動語態(tài)的六種時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： am）/is/are + p. p.一般過去時(shí)： was/were+p. p.一般將來時(shí)：shall /will be +p. p.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have /has been + p. p.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)彳T時(shí)： am）/is/are + being + p. p.過去將來時(shí)：should

2、 /would be +p. p.（含情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動詞+ be+p. p.）小測驗(yàn)： Chinese by the largest number of people .A. speakB. is speakingC. speaksD. is spoken（2002長沙） The boy to get supper ready after school .A. were toldB. is tellingC. was toldD. tells（2002四川眉山） A lot of new roads built in the west of China .A. mustB. must

3、 beC. hasD. have<<<<</品資料二.特殊句型和動詞的被動語態(tài)簡單句的被動語態(tài)在這講開始之前我們先一起復(fù)習(xí)一下以前學(xué)習(xí)過的簡單句的六種基本結(jié)構(gòu):1）主+動+表（SVP例如：John is busy. 約翰忙.2）主+動（SV）例如：I work. 我工作.3）主+動+賓（SVO例如：She studies English. 她學(xué)英語.English is studied by her.4）主+動+問賓+直賓（SVOiOd例如：My mother made me a new dress. 我母親給我做了一件新衣裳 .I was made a new

4、dress by my mother.a new dress was made for me by my mother.5）主+動+賓+補(bǔ)（SVOC例如：Time would prove me right.時(shí)間會證明我是對的.I would be proved right by time.1.S+VT+OWe visited the factory.The factory was visited by us.2.雙賓語主+動+問賓+直賓(SVOiOd例如：主動旬：I gave Tom a pencil.被動句： Tom was given a pencil (by me).被動句： A pen

5、cil was given Tom(by me).主動旬：I bought Tom a pencil.被動旬： Tom was bought a pencil (by me).被動旬： A pencil was bought Tom(by me).注意：1.由to還是for連接間接賓語的動詞由to連接間接賓語的動詞，側(cè)重動作 的方向。表小“朝著，向著，對著某 人?！庇蒮or連接間接賓語的動 詞，側(cè)重動作的受益者。表 示“為了某人，替某人。”既可由to 也可由for 連接間接賓 語的動詞pass, give, show, tell, lend, take; post, return, sell,

6、 send, write, bring, throw, feed, read, promise, offer, refuse, teach ,hand,buy, cook, get, sing, make; choose, pick, find, save, order, book ,leave, call, fetchdo, get, read, sing, play2 .下面幾種情況，通常要用介詞to或for引起的短語：當(dāng)直接賓語是人稱代詞（it /them）時(shí).如：The watch is Li Lei's. Please give it to him.這塊手表是李雷的.請把它給

7、他.當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語時(shí).如：Mother cooks breakfast for us every day.母親每天者B為我們做早飯 .當(dāng)間接賓語比直接賓語長時(shí).如：On the bus, he often gives his seat to an old person.在公共汽車上,他經(jīng)常把座位讓給老人.3 .復(fù)合賓語首先讓我們回顧一下以前學(xué)習(xí)的復(fù)合賓語：英語中，有些及物動詞接賓語后還需接賓語補(bǔ)足語來補(bǔ)充說明賓語的有關(guān)情況 這樣意思才完整.賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語合稱復(fù)合賓語.常用句型為：主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語.O+VT+O+OC可用作賓語補(bǔ)足語的有名詞、形容詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、介詞短語、動詞不定

8、式 等. 一.賓語補(bǔ)足語是名詞、形容詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、介詞短語的被動語態(tài)。1 .接名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞常見的有call, name, think ,make 等.如：We call them mooncakes.我們把它們叫作月餅.They are called mooncakes by us.2 .接形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞常見的有make, keep, think, find等.如：At first I found Chinese hard. 開始的時(shí)候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)漢語很難.At first Chinese was found hard by me.3 .接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞常見的有wa

9、tch, see, hear ,find, keep等.如：In the country, he can hear birds singing.在農(nóng)村，他能聽到鳥兒歌唱.In the country, birds can be heard singing by him.4 .接介詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞常見的有find, keep, take 等.如：The boy found his pen on the floor.這個(gè)男孩在地板上找到了他的鋼筆 .His pen was found on the floor by the boy.二.賓語補(bǔ)足語是動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)。動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足

10、語時(shí)通常分為下面三種情況：1）接帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞常見的有tell, want, ask, wish,teach 等.如：Tell him to come here the day after tomorrow.告訴他后天至U這里來 .He is told to come here the day after tomorrow.2）接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞常見的有hear, see, watch, let, vvvvv書品資料<<<<<書品資料make等.如：He made us laugh.他使我們大笑.We are made

11、to laugh by him.3)接帶to或不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞常見的是help.如：She often helps her mother (to) do some housework.她經(jīng)常幫母親做家務(wù)活. Her mother is often helped (to ) do some housework by her.雙賓語和復(fù)合賓語的區(qū)別：可用下面方法來判斷一個(gè)及物動詞所帶的是雙賓語還是復(fù)合賓語：如果賓語與其后的成分之間存在著邏輯上的主謂或主表關(guān)系，則該動詞接的是復(fù)合賓語，否則就是雙賓語.賓語從句帶有賓語從句的句子變成被動語態(tài)時(shí)，通常用 it作為被動句的形式主語，賓

12、語 從句則變成了主語從句。此結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)候可以改為“主語 +be+pp+to do”形式。Eg:People say that water is all around the city.fIt ' s said that water is all around the city.Water is said to all around the city.They saw that Tom has got the first place in the exam.-It is said that Tom has got the first place in the exam.-Tom is sa

13、id to have got the first place in the exam.祈使句I 1. J 、 >RM主動句被動旬否定主動句被動旬V+ O :Empty the rubbish bin at once.Let + O+ Be+ PP: Let the rubbish bin be emptied at once.Don t +V+O: Don t tell the truth to him.Don t +let +O+be+PP : Don t let the truth be told to him.短語動詞(包括動介和動副兩種)不及物動詞不能跟賓語，因此不能用于被動語態(tài)

14、，但不及物動詞與介詞或副詞構(gòu) 成的短語動詞相當(dāng)于及物動詞，可以有賓語，因而也可以用于被動語態(tài)。要注意 的是，這樣的短語動詞是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在變成被動語態(tài)時(shí)不可丟掉構(gòu)成短語的介詞或副詞，如 look at, look for, look after, take care of, takeoff, send for 等。例如：We must take good care of the young trees . (V)The young trees must be taken good care of . (V)注意：由被動語態(tài)形成的動詞短語本身即是被動語態(tài)的形式，不需再加by.如：be c

15、overed with be interested in be made of/from be surprised at情態(tài)動詞We can easily download music from the Internet.Music can be easily downloaded from the Internet.<<<<<書品資料附：課堂練習(xí)學(xué)案1 .主謂賓句型的被動語態(tài)：2 .含雙賓語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，有兩種方法：將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語保持不變；將直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，間接賓語用介詞to或for引導(dǎo)。例如：He told us a story .

16、（變被動語態(tài)）一Wewere told a story （by him）. 或： A story was told to us by him. Her mother gave her a new pen .（變被動語態(tài)）She by her mother .A new pen her by her mother .3.復(fù)合賓語的被動語態(tài)：一般變法 復(fù)合賓語變主動，只變賓語“補(bǔ)”不動，原來“賓補(bǔ)”變“主補(bǔ)”，名稱變了位不動。當(dāng)主動結(jié)構(gòu)中含有復(fù)合賓語，即“賓語 +賓語補(bǔ)足語”時(shí)，變成被動語態(tài)時(shí)只將 賓語變成主語，而賓補(bǔ)原地不動，只不過成了主語補(bǔ)足語。例如： We all heard the boy

17、 crying. fThe boy crying (by us all). The teacher asked the students to come earl y.fThe students to come early (by the teacher).The advertiser ( 報(bào)幕員)always makes the audience happy.fThe audience is always by the advertiser. The man beat the boy black and blue.fThe boy black and blue (by t he man).特

18、殊變法：復(fù)合賓語中含有使役、感官動詞的被動語態(tài)這類動詞常見的有： see, watch, notice, look at, observe（ 五看）；let, have, make（三使役）；hear, listen to（ 二聽）；feel（ 一感覺）；help（半幫助, 因?yàn)楹竺娴膖o可要可不要）。在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中，其賓補(bǔ)是不帶to的不定式，但變成被動語態(tài)時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)已變 成主補(bǔ)，因此不定式的符號to要恢復(fù)。例如： I saw him go there.fHe to go there (by me). We heard him sing in the next room just now.fHe was heard in the next room just now (by us). She makes her daughter play the piano every day.fHer daughter play the piano every day (by her). He often his sister