現(xiàn)在完成時講解與練習

1、現(xiàn)在完成時1. 概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果， 或從過去已經(jīng)開 始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。2. 時間狀語：recently, lately, since for ,in the past few years, etc.3. 基本結構： have/has + done 4. 否定形式： have/has + not +done.5. 一般疑問句：have或has提前6. 它主要適用于下面的幾種情況：1）表示截止現(xiàn)在業(yè)已完成的動作By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到現(xiàn)在為止，我已收集到了我所需的全部資料。

2、She has read 150 pages today . 她今天已看了 150 頁。2）表示發(fā)生在過去而對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響、帶來結果的動作Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚飯了嗎？3）表示過去發(fā)生的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能還要延續(xù)It has been five years since he joined the army .他參軍五年了。1）一個句子應該用什么時態(tài)只能取決于它需要表達的意思，以及它所處的 語言環(huán)境。例如：He speaks English . （一般現(xiàn)在時，說明動作發(fā)生的經(jīng)常性。）He spoke English when he was in New Z

3、ealand . （一般過去時，說明動 作發(fā)生的時間。）He is speaking English. （現(xiàn)在進行時，說明動作正在進行。）He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.（現(xiàn)在完成時，這里說明動作的總和。）2）在含有時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句的主從復合句中，如果主句的謂語 動詞是一般將來時，那么從句的謂語動詞就只能用一般現(xiàn)在時來表示將來時； 如果主句的謂語動詞是過去將來時，那么從句的謂語動詞就只能用一般過去時 來表示過去將來時。例如： I will not play tennis if it rain

4、s tomorrow.I would not play tennis if it rained the next day.3）有些動詞表示無法持續(xù)的動作，它們一般不宜用于進行時態(tài)中。這類動 詞常見的有： be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem ,smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , sta

5、nd up 等等。4）關于現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語問題常和有些副詞連用，如： just , before , already , often , never , ever , not yet , always 等等。B. 在以when提問的特殊疑問中不能用現(xiàn)在完成時。另外，ago不能用于現(xiàn) 在完成時的句子里， 因為它表示從現(xiàn)在算起的以前某個時間， 屬于表示具體過去 時間的狀語。但是可以用 before 來表示"以前"的意義，因為它只表示 "以前"， 而不知什么時候的以前。C. 如果是不表示連續(xù)性的動詞用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句子，不可以和以 for 表（1） sin

6、ce（用現(xiàn)在完成時：自從） ：不管用作介詞、連詞還是副詞 , 句子（ 主句） 謂語通常都I haven 't seen her since last week.自上周以來我一直未He has joined the army for five years.(錯誤)It has been five years since he joined the army.(正確)能與現(xiàn)在完成時連用詞語很多，如副詞 just, already, yet, before, ever, recently 等，但下面是一些典型而且重要的例子：見過她自我上次見到你之后你到哪里去示的"一段時間"

7、;的狀語連用。在這種情況下，應該用"It has been；since " 的句式來表達。如：Where have you been since I last saw? 了?到現(xiàn)在為止還沒有什么壞消息。 到目前為止，我們還沒有遇到任何 years（ 在過去年中 ） ：(2) so far( 到目前為止 ) ：So far there has been no bad news. We haven't had any trouble so far. 麻煩。(3) in for, during the past last過去兩年我很少見到他。 最近一個月里我都在這In t

8、he past two years I've seen him little.I have been here (for) the last past month.兒。到現(xiàn)在為止這工作還算容易。 到現(xiàn)在為止我還沒有聽到他 （ 第一次 ） ：(4) up to until now( 到現(xiàn)在為止 ) ：Up to now, the work has been easy.I have heard nothing from him up to now. 點音信。(5) It 's will be the first time thatIt 's the first time I

9、ve come here. 這是我第一次來這兒。現(xiàn)在完成時練習、單項選擇what's1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they happened to him .A. knew B . have knownC. must knowD .will know2、He hasbeen to Shanghai , has heA . already B .never C .ever3、Have you met Mr Li ？D. stillA . just B . agoC .before D . a moment ago4、The famous write

10、r one new book in the past two yearA . is writingB .was writingC .wrote D .has written5、-Our country a lot so far .-Yes . I hope it will be even .A. has changed ; well C . has changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan alreadywas ; studyingB . changed ; goodD . changed ; betterin this school for two years . B . wi

11、ll ; studyA.C . has ; studiedD. are ; studying7、We Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A. know B . had known C . have known D. knew 8 、HarryPotter is a very nice film.I it twice .A . will seeB . have seenC . sawD .see9、 -These farmershave been to the United States .-Really ? When _ there ?A. will t

12、hey goB . did they goC . do they goD . have they gone10、 - you _ your homework yet ?-Yes . I it a moment ago .A. Did ; do ; finishedB . Have ; done ; finishedC . Have ; done ; have finishedD . will ; do ; finish三、漢譯英4、她還沒有看過那部新電影。5、她去過。6、他這些天上哪兒去了？過去完成時態(tài)講解與練習定義：過去完成時是表示在過去某一時間或某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作、事情。 它

13、表示的是發(fā)生在“過去的過去”的動作， 只有在和過去某個時間或動作相比較的時候才會使 用過去完成時。構成： 基本形式 : had + 過去分詞。如 :We had reached the top of the hill before midnight.在半夜之前我們已登上了山頂。 否定形式 : had + not + 過去分詞。如 :They hadn 't finished the work when we got there.我們到那兒時 , 他們還沒有完成工作。 一般疑問句形式 : had 提到句首 , 回答用 Yes, 主語 + had. / No,主語 + hadn '

14、t. 如 : Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday?他昨天告訴過你早點兒到那兒嗎?Yes, he had. (No, he hadn't.) 是的 , 他告訴了。 ( 不 , 他沒有。 )用法：1、 用在"after / before / when +過去時態(tài)從句”或有"by+過去時間”的句子中。例如： by then, by before nine o 'clock yesterday,by the end of last year,by the age of twen ty,by the time I

15、 arrived Mother had already cooked supper before I returned home.在我回到家前 , 媽媽已經(jīng)把飯做好了。2、在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去 時。例如： When I returned home, my guest had already left.I did not see the film because I had seen it before.3、 常用在主句為一般過去時的賓語從句中. 如 told, said, knew, heard, thought, asked 等動詞后的

16、賓語從句 。例如：My father asked me if I had finished reading that book. 書了Shesaid爸爸問我是否讀完那本(that)He asked what I had said. 現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時的區(qū)別： 現(xiàn)在完成時強調對現(xiàn)在的影響或結果 1. 單項選擇shehadneverbeentoParis.1 He askedmeA. wherebeen2. WhatA.did,did.3. IA., 過去完成時強調對過去的影響或結果。during the summer holidays.had beenB. where Ihad goneC.

17、wherehad IJanedoD. where had I goneby the time he was sever?B. has,donedid,D. had, done900 English words by the time I was tenlearnedB. waslearningC.hadlearnedD. learnt4. Shelived here foryears.A. had, a fewB. has, severalC. had,lotofD.has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yeste

18、rday, Ithe dinner already.A had cookedB. cookedC. have cookedD.was cooked6. She said shethe principle alreadyA .has seenB. sawC.willseeD. had seen7. She said her familythemselvesthe army during the war.A. has hidden, fromB. had hidden, fromC.hashidden,withD. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten

19、 years old, heA.has completed universityB. hascompleted the universityB.had completed an universityD. hadcompleted university9. She had written a number of booksthe end of last year.A. forB. inC.byD. at10. Heto playbefore he was 11 years old.B. had lear ned.A had lear ned, pia nothe pia noC. has lea

20、r ned, the pia noD. lear ns ,pia no.2. 用動詞的適當形式填空1. We(pai nt) the house before we(move) in.2. That rich old man(make) a will before he(die).5. I(tur n off) all the lights before I(go) to bed.6. Paul(go) out with Jane after he(make)a phone call.14. We were surprised at what shealready(do)15. She(not

21、 go) to Qin gdao because she(go) therebefore.16. He(not tell) you the n ews yet.17. He said healready(give) the book to the teacher.3. 句型轉換2. She had sung a song to us before she dan ced.(改否定句)3. They began to climbed the mountain after they had bought all the food and drink.(否定)4. By 10:00 a.m, I h

22、ad bee n very hun gry.(改一般疑問)5. Lucy had already completed the project whe n I arrived.（改一般疑問）將來完成時定義將來完成時用來表示在將來某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動作。經(jīng)常與before+將來時間或by+將來時間連用，也可與before或by the time引導的現(xiàn)在時的從句連用。構成will/shall+have+完成式用于第一人稱，will+have+完成式用于其他人稱。實例a.狀態(tài)完成：表示某事繼續(xù)到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態(tài)。b.動作完成：表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前，已經(jīng)完成的動

23、作或已獲得的 經(jīng)驗。They will have bee n married for 20 years by the n.You will have reached Shan ghai by this time tomorrow.將來完成時的構成將來完成時的構成是由"shall/will + have + 過去分詞"構成的。Before long he will have forgotte n all about the matter.不久他就會全然忘記這件事的。He is somebody now. He will not have remembered his old

24、classmates. 他現(xiàn)在是一個有身份的人了，他可能不會記得老同學了。Will you have known Kevin for 10 years n ext mon th?到下個月你認識凱文該有10年了吧？將來完成時的用法 表示在將來某一時間之前已完成的動作，并往往對將來某一時間產(chǎn)生影響。We shall have lear ned 12 un its by the end of this term.到這個學期末，我們將學完12個單元。By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom. 你到

25、家之前我將把房子徹底打掃一遍。 表示推測，相當于 "must have don e" 結構。You will have heard of this, I guess.我想你已經(jīng)聽說過這件事了。I am sure he will have got the in formatio n.我相信他一定得到了這個信息 .表示某種狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到說話人所提及的時間we will have bee n married a year on june 25th到6月25日我們倆結婚就滿1年了練習題1. By the summer, Elizabethhere for ten years .D.

26、 has workedD. will haveD. he wentA. will workB. worksC. will have worked2. I. hope youthe in struct ions ready before I come tomorrowA. to getB. shall getC. will getgotte n .3. No soonertha n the accide nt happe ned.A. he had goneB. had he goneC. his going4. Hardlywhe n the bus sudde nly pulled away.A. they had got to the bus stopC. did they get to the bus stopB. had they got to the bus stopD. they got to the bus stop5. Mother does n't