函電考試溫習(xí)范圍

1、Unit Three1 Why do you think price is so important in business? Sometimes contracts are concluded at a stated price that is subject to upward revision if prices change. Some large firms maintain systematic price records so that cost estimates can be quickly prepared when desired.2 For what purposes

2、are price statistics required? Used as a tool in the formulation of economic policy at the governmental level. Price statistics are required to measure economic growth; to measure changes in the relative position of particular groups in the economy; and to determine the degree to which the governmen

3、t will pursue policies that stimulate or dampen economic activity. Sometimes contracts are concluded at a stated price that is subject to upward revision if prices change. Some large firms maintain systematic price records so that cost estimates can be quickly prepared when desired.3 How and where c

4、an we obtain the information about prices?Trade jounals, Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, government publications, etc4 What are the ways of measuring price changes in international trade?Export and inport price indexes, unit-value indexes5 Please explain law of demand and law of supplyAll else being

5、 constant, as price falls, the corresponding quantity demanded rises. Or, alternatively, other things being equal, as price increases, the corresponding quantity demanded falls. In short, there is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. This particular relationship is called the

6、 law of demand.As price rises, the corresponding quantity supplied rises, as price falls, the quantity also falls. This particular relationship is called the law of supply.Unit Four1 What is an order?An order is a request to supply a specified quantity of products. It may result from an inquiry or a

7、n offer and be given or sent by letter, by fax, by e-mail or at a business meeting. Nowadays importers can also use printed order forms.2 When can an order be considered accepted?In the case of the firm offer, the importer will send out his acceptance within the time set if it meets the requirements

8、. Then, the order could be considered accepted.In the case of a non-firm offer, the importer has to place an order with the exporter based on the non-firm offer. The order is considered accepted only when the exporter accepts or confirms the order.3 What are the major points of an order?Details of d

9、escriptionQuantitiesUnit pricePackingTime of shipmentPort of destinationTerms of payment4 What are the obligations of the importer and the exporter? ( pagel20)Unit Five1 Explain the following terms：Balance of payments： Trading nations have developed an accounting concept called balance of payments,

10、which records a country? s trade and capital flow in relation to other countries.deficit： When a countrys imports exceed its exports, that part of the balance of payments will show a deficit.Surplus: When a country? s exports exceed its imports, that part of the balance of payments will show a surpl

11、us.trade balance: The part of the balance of payments which records imports and exports is called the trade balance.debtor nations： Countries with a deficit after all these transactions have been recorded are called debtor nations.©creditor nations： Countries with a suplus aer called creditor n

12、ations.©visible： goodsinvisible： services( tourist expenditures abroad, gifts sent to relative abroad, shipping insurance, banking services provided for foreigners abroad)2 What is collection?After the goods have been shippied, the exporter may send all the shipping documents to the importer an

13、d ask him to pay for the goods. That is collection.3 What is a commercial letter of credit?A commercial letter of credit is a written promise made by a bank that it will make payment for the goods shipped.4 Why do you think a commercial letter of credit is a more favorable method of payment?The expo

14、rter likes it because payment for the export goods is guaranteed by the bank. The importer knows that no payment will be made before the export goods have been shipped. So a letter of credit is a more favorable method of payment.5 What is a draft?A note written by one person asking another to pay a

15、certain amount of money to a third person.6 Discuss the difference between a sight draft and a time draft.In the case of sight draft, the drawee must pay the money as soon as he sees the draft or as soon as the draft is presented to him.In the case of time draft, the drawee promises to pay when the

16、draft is due, that is , when the time is up.7 Explain D/P and D/A.D/P： When the exporte has shipped the goods he gets ready all the shipping documents. Then he writes out a draft requesting the importer to pay the money to him and send it with the shipping documents to the importer through a bank. T

17、he bank will show the draft to the importer and ask him to pay up the money. The importer wil get the shipping documents only when he has paid the draft. That is why this is calld document against payment.D/A： In the case of documents against acceptane, the importer can have the shipping documents w

18、hen he has accepted the draft. He will make payment later. If it is a 30 days time draft, he makes payment 30 days after he accepts the draft. A trade time draft sometimes extends as long as 120 days, or six months.8 How does a letter of credit operate? (pagel59)Unit Six1 What is a contract?A contra

19、ct is based on agreement, and agreement arises from offer and acceptance. One person makes an offer; and another person accepts the offer. Thus, there is a contract.2 Explain the kinds of contract.In international trade, when the contract is made out by the importer, it is called Purchase Contract;

20、and when made out by the exporter, Sales Contract.3 What are the contents of a contract? (pagel87)4 What should the contractors pay attention to before signing? (pagel88) 句子翻譯：Unit Two1 We are enclosing herewith an inquiry sheet.咱們隨函寄上詢價(jià)單一份。2 We are looking forward to receiving your inquiry at an ea

21、rly date.盼早日收到你放的詢價(jià)。3 As soon as we have received your inquiry, we will immediately mail you the samples and offer you our most favorable prices.一旦接到你方的詢價(jià)，咱們即會(huì)寄上樣品，并報(bào)最優(yōu)惠的價(jià)錢。4 If your quotation is competitive, we are ready to place large orders of ment s shirt.若是你放報(bào)價(jià)具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的話，咱們預(yù)備大量訂購(gòu)男士襯衫。5 Please quot

22、e as requested in our inquiry sheet your lowest prices ansd state the earliest delivery date.請(qǐng)按我方詢價(jià)單報(bào)最低價(jià)錢和最先交貨期.6 If your are interested in our electronic products, please let us know with a specific inquiry.若是你方對(duì)電子產(chǎn)品感愛(ài)好，請(qǐng)告你放具體詢價(jià)。7 We are making you the following offer, subject to your reply reachin

23、g here within five days.現(xiàn)報(bào)盤如下，以5日內(nèi)復(fù)到為準(zhǔn)。8 If you think this offer is acceptable, please fax us inmmediately for our confirmation.若是你方以為此報(bào)盤可同意，即來(lái)以便我方確認(rèn)。9 The above offer is subject to our final confirmation.上述報(bào)盤以我方最后確以為準(zhǔn)。10 Please quote us CIF New York including 3% commission.請(qǐng)報(bào)至紐約本錢加保險(xiǎn)、運(yùn)費(fèi)價(jià)（到岸價(jià)錢）包括百分之

24、三的傭金。Unit Three1 If your price is competitive, we would like to mail you our order sheet. 若是你方價(jià)錢有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性，我方將寄上定單。2 In view of our longstanding business relations, we can consider a price reduction. 鑒于你我兩邊長(zhǎng)期的業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系，咱們能夠考慮減價(jià)。3 We regret to say that your quotation is out of line with the prevailing market at

25、 this end.遺憾地說(shuō)，你方報(bào)價(jià)與此地市場(chǎng)行情不一致。4 Market here is very active, and the best price we can obtain is US$135 per long ton.此地市場(chǎng)活躍，咱們可能取得的最好價(jià)錢是每長(zhǎng)噸135美元。5 Much to our regret, as your price is out of line with the market level, it is difficult for us to accepte it.很遺憾，由于你方價(jià)錢與市場(chǎng)行情不符，我方很難同意。6 The market here is

26、 not as active as last year. If you can reduce your price, say, 3%, we can probably conclude the business.本地市場(chǎng)不像去年那樣活躍。假設(shè)你方能減價(jià)，例如說(shuō)百分之三，可望成交,7 As you don' t agree to reduce your price, we will have to purchase the goods elsewhere.由于你方不同意降低價(jià)錢，咱們只好到他處定貨。8 In reply to your letter or March 15，we have

27、 found it impossible for our customers to accept yoru quotation as it is too high.茲復(fù)你3月15日函，發(fā)覺(jué)由于你方報(bào)價(jià)太高，我方客戶無(wú)法同意。9 We are enclosing a quotation sheet and awaiting your further news. 茲寄上報(bào)價(jià)單一份，等候你方進(jìn)一步的消息。10 The price we offered you is very practical, so we are sorry to say that your counteroffer is una

28、cceptable.報(bào)給你方的價(jià)錢是很實(shí)際的，很抱歉，你方的還盤不能同意。Unit Two1若是你方報(bào)價(jià)具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性，交貨期能夠同意的話，咱們?cè)赶蚰惴蕉ㄘ?。We shall be very glad to place our order with you if your quotation is competitive and delivery date accptable.2 一旦收到你方具體詢價(jià)，咱們將電告報(bào)價(jià)。As soon as we receive your specific inquiry, we will cable our quotation.3若是你方有愛(ài)好，請(qǐng)電告我方，說(shuō)明所

29、需數(shù)量。If you are interested , please cable us, indicating the quantity you require.4此發(fā)價(jià)為實(shí)盤，以你方在本月前復(fù)到有效。This offer is firm, subject to your reply which should reach us not later than the end of this month.5咱們對(duì)貴方發(fā)盤頗感愛(ài)好，不日內(nèi)將給予明確回答。We find your offer very interesting and shall give you a definit reply in

30、a few days.6鑒于咱們長(zhǎng)期的貿(mào)易關(guān)系，特此發(fā)盤。It is in view of our longstanding business relationship that we make you such an offer.7這是我方最新價(jià)錢單，您會(huì)發(fā)覺(jué)我方價(jià)錢是具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的“This is our latest price list. You* 11 find our price is very competive.8若是你方定貨數(shù)量大，價(jià)錢還能夠進(jìn)一步考慮*We can consider our price if your order is big enough.Unit Thre

31、e1假設(shè)你方情愿降低價(jià)錢，例如說(shuō)百分之五，咱們?cè)赶蚰惴皆囉喆素?。Should you be prapared to reduce the price by, say, 5%, we would place trial order with you.2鑒于咱們已按此價(jià)與買主大量成交，咱們不可能再降低了。In view of the fact that we have done a lot of business with buyers at this price, we cannot reduce our price any further.3咱們建議你方再次從頭考慮發(fā)價(jià)，使之與國(guó)際市場(chǎng)價(jià)錢一致

32、起來(lái)。We suggest that you reconsider your price, and bring it into line with the international market price.4我方?jīng)Q定再做百分之二的妥協(xié)，希望這能有助于你方推銷產(chǎn)品。We have decided to make a further concession of 2% in the hope that this will help you push the sales of our products.5遺憾，即便各讓一半，咱們?nèi)噪y以同意你方還盤。We regret that it is impo

33、ssible to accept your counter-offer, even to meet you halfway.6在質(zhì)量方面，咱們以為其他牌子的產(chǎn)品是無(wú)法與咱們相較的。In respect of quality, we don' t think that the goods of other brands can compare with ours.7有跡象說(shuō)明市場(chǎng)進(jìn)一步看漲。Information shows that the market will advance further.8盡管我方想知足你方要求，但歉不能依照你方要求降低價(jià)錢。Although we are k

34、een to meet your requirements, we regret being unable to comply with your request for a reduction in price.名詞說(shuō)明1 collection 跟單After the goods have been shipped, the exporter may send all the shipping documents to the importer and ask him to pay for the is collection.2 Commercial Letter of CreditComm

35、ercial Letter of Credit (L/C) is a written promise made by a bank that it will make payment for the goods shipped.3 Bill of Exchange or DraftA draft may be said to be a note written by one person asking another to pay a certain amount of money to a third person.4 Kinds of Draft Sight Draft: A kind o

36、f draft that need to be paid as soon as the draft is presented to drawee. Time Draft： A kind of draft that need to be paid within a certain amount of time.5 Documents against Payment. (D/P)When the exporter has shipped the goods he gets reday all the shipping documents.Then he writes out a draft req

37、uesting the importer to pay the money to him and send it with the shipping documents to the importer through a bank. The bank will show the draft to the importer and ask him to pay up the money. The importer will get the shipping documents only when he has paid the draft. That is why this is called

38、documents against payment.6 Documents against Acceptance. (D/A)In the case of documents against acceptance, the importer can have the shipping documents when he has accepted the draft. He will make payment later. If it is a 30 days time draft, he makes payment 30 days after he accepts the draft. A t

39、rade time draft sometimes extends as long as 120 days, or six months.1 Total Loss Only ( that the insurer ( the underwriter) is to compensate the total loss of the goods only. Strictly speaking, the insurer is not responsible for the sue and labor charges as well as salvage charges.2 Total or Constructive