工程造價管理的實證分析

1、工程造價管理的實證分析工程造價管理的實證分析摘 要：建設(shè)項目工程造價的確定與控制是工程項目管理的主題之一建筑產(chǎn)品作為商品 其價格的形成應(yīng)符合市場經(jīng)濟學(xué)原理。從市場經(jīng)濟出發(fā)控制工 程造價的活動應(yīng)該從項目產(chǎn)生和決策階段的投資估算到項目實 施階段的設(shè)計概算、施工圖預(yù)算、中標合同價直至階段結(jié)算、 竣工結(jié)算和決算針對目標體現(xiàn)其控制的系統(tǒng)性和過程性。本文以建設(shè)項目工程造價的確定與控制的基本理論為指導(dǎo) 探討和研究建設(shè)工程項目在項目產(chǎn)生、設(shè)計、施工各個階段工 程造價的管理。針對國內(nèi)建設(shè)項目投資失控普遍存在的現(xiàn)象和 工程建設(shè)領(lǐng)域技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟相分離的現(xiàn)狀著重在對造價控制具有 重要意義的設(shè)計階段和施工階段做出了闡述和

2、研究。以工程造價管理理論為基礎(chǔ)運用價值工程理論和相關(guān)的管 理知識分析建設(shè)項目工程造價的概念、形成過程工程造價管理 的內(nèi)容與方法。重點就設(shè)計階段工程造價的確定與控制系統(tǒng)地 設(shè)計了一套造價控制的方法和程序?qū)ο揞~設(shè)計加以改造首次將 價工程運用到限額設(shè)計總值的分配中從而有效克服了限額設(shè)計 的不足。強調(diào)設(shè)計階段方案比選的重要性利用價值工程和壽命 周期費用分析提出了建筑與結(jié)構(gòu)方案選擇的一系列具體方法和 模型。分析研究施工階段影響工程造價的因素和控制工程造價的 主要措施提出合同管理和變更索賠的產(chǎn)生與處理方法和技巧。以本人參與管理的一建設(shè)項目為工程實例分析了其從立 項、設(shè)計、施工總承包及內(nèi)外裝修招標、合同簽定

3、到具體實施 和竣工交付全過程中投資估算、施工圖預(yù)算、投標報價、合同 價款、過程計價支付、竣工結(jié)算和資產(chǎn)移交決算造價的確定說 明影響工程造價確定與控制的主要因素：項目建設(shè)范圍、內(nèi) 容、規(guī)模和標準工期質(zhì)量目標設(shè)計文件的深度和質(zhì)量施工組織 的先進性和可靠性以及風險事件等。計算各階段工程造價的偏 差分析產(chǎn)生的原因比較各責任主體對造價偏差的影響；從而得 出工程造價控制的重點一建設(shè)范圍的明晰和設(shè)計質(zhì)量的高低。 提出工程建設(shè)全過程中有效控制工程造價的技術(shù)和方法。關(guān)鍵詞：造價控制；價值工程與限額設(shè)計；合同管理； 變更與索賠Empirical Analysis of the Engineering Cost M

4、anagementAbstract： The determination and control of a construction project is one of the themes of the project managementmercia1ization of construction productsprice determination of which should accord with market economics principle. Based on the market economyfrom the investment estimate、 design

5、estimate, working drawing estimate and the contract price after bid-winning of feasibility consideration stage until to stage settlements pletion settlement and final accounts of the execution phasethe control engineering cost should be executed. Systemic and process property of the control must be

6、embodied. On the basis of fundamental theory of the construction cost determination and controlmake discussion and study of the construction cost management in feasibility demonstration> design、 construction each stage. According to the mon phenomenon which are the losing control of construction

7、investment and technology separation with economyemphatically describe and analyze design and construction stage which have important significance for cost control. Based on the theory of project cost managementmake use of value engineering theory and related management knowledgeanalysis the concept

8、ion、 the forming process of the construction project cost and contents and methods of the engineering cost management. An integrated set of controlling method and sequence is systematically designed just with the construction cost determination and control in the design stage. And a design is recons

9、tructed. The shorting of a design is resolved by application of VE to allocation of total value of a design. Emphasize the importance of scheme parison in design stagethrough the analysis of、 VE and LCC. A series of method and model on the selection of architecture scheme、 structure scheme is put fo

10、rward. Analysis and research on influencing factors of construction cost and main cost control measures at construction stagegeneration、 treatment techniques and methods of contract management and altering claims are worked out. My participation in management of a construction project as an exleanal

11、ysis the determination of the construction cost which is from project establishments design construction general contractthe interior and exterior finishingbiddingcontract signed to the investment estimate、 working drawing estimate、 bidding、 contract price、 process pricing payment、 pletion settlemen

12、t and asset handover final account in the whole process of the concrete implementation and pletion. The main influencing factors of the construction cost determination and control are worked out： project construction range> content、scale and standards target of construction quality、 depth and qua

13、lity of design document、 advancement and reliability of construction organization> risk events and SO OIL Calculate the deviation of the cost in each stageo analysis the cause pare each subject, responsibility influenced by cost error. Then the key of engineering cost control is obtained-clarity of project range and good or bad of design quality Technology a