公共英語三級-(無聽力原文10

1、公共英語三級-( 無聽力原文10（總分： 110.00 ，做題時間： 90 分鐘 ）一、Section I Listening Comprehension （總題數(shù)：0,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）二、 Part A （ 總題數(shù)：2，分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）（分?jǐn)?shù)： 5.00 ）（1） .What career does Mary probably plan to follow? （分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ）A.Politics.B.Physics.C.Business administration. VD.Geography.解析：解析本題是推理題。根據(jù)"statistics（ 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)）"、&q

2、uot;economics（經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)）"、"accounting（會 計(jì)學(xué)）”幾個關(guān)鍵詞可知所學(xué)的課程與商業(yè)有關(guān)。因此 C項(xiàng)“Business administer（ 商業(yè)管理）”最合理。（2） .What has George suggested? （分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ）A.That they take the children to an amusement park after giving them cake and ice-cream.B.That they let the children amuse themselves after giving them ca

3、ke and ice-cream.VC.That they arrange some games for the children and then give them cake and ice-cream.D.That they let the children amuse themselves and then give them cake and ice-cream.解析： 解析 本題是細(xì)節(jié)題。從“ why don"t ”，“ cake and ice- cream”，“l(fā)et . own ”等關(guān)鍵詞不難判斷 B 項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。（3） .What does the woman

4、want the man to do? （分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ）A.Travel a lot when young.B.Be more responsible for his home.C.Change the idea of getting married.VD.Make up his mind to be married.解析： 解析 推理題。女士對男士說“你還太年輕，不適合成家”，又說“為什么不先享受幾年再去承擔(dān)家庭和孩子的責(zé)任呢”。另外從男士的回答“ Will you stop trying to talk meout of getting married?可知，女士想說服男士不要結(jié)婚，

5、所以答案是C。（4） .What will the man probably do? （分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ）A.Borrow a pen from the woman. VB.Lend a pen to the woman.C.Buy a new pen.D.Use a pencil instead.解析： 解析 推理題。男士說“忘了帶鋼筆”，女士說“沒問題，我有一支多余的筆”。由此可以推斷，男士很可能向女士借筆。所以答案是A。（5） .What does the woman mean? （分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ）A.She doesn"t like the seaside very m

6、uch.B.She thinks they should go somewhere else.C.She agrees with the man. VD.She doesn"t mind going anywhere.解析：解析這道題是考查學(xué)生對習(xí)慣句型的掌握。"I couldn"t agree with you more”是個習(xí)慣用法，意思是非常贊同。所以正確答案是C。（分?jǐn)?shù)： 5.00 ）（1） .What does the man mean? （分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ）A.He went out to buy some tea.B.He likes to wea

7、r old shoes.C.He danced a lot last night.VD.He bought new shoes for the party.解析： 解析 解題的關(guān)鍵是要弄明白 my shoes wore out 的意思，這是一種夸張的說法，把鞋子跳爛了。由此可知男方昨夜跳舞時間很長。故答案為C。（2） .How many unnecessary copies has the man made? （分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ）A.Three.B.Eight. VC.Twelve.D.Two.解析： 解析 該題為計(jì)算題。首先男方提到 ten copies ，隨后女方說 Two would

8、have been enough ，由此可知其中有8 個是 unnecessary 。故答案為B。（3） .Who typed the paper? （分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ）A.The woman"s roommate.B.The man"s roommate.C.The man. VD.The woman.解析： 解析 首先弄明白是女方在提問，然后男方再回答。男方的答案是I did it myself ，亦即自己 typethe term paper 。故答案為 C。（4） .What is the man? （分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ）A.A barber.B.A pilot.

9、C.A taxi driver. VD.A watchmaker.解析： 解析 女方要求男方加速，否則會趕不上飛機(jī)。男方說“ I"m taking a short cut. ”，關(guān)鍵是弄懂 take a short cut 在此處的意思是抄近路。可知對話發(fā)生在出租車?yán)锩?。故答案為C。（5） .What is the woman going to do? （分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ）A.To buy her husband a new coat.B.To go to another department store.C.To go to the second floor for the co

10、at.D.To go to the third floor for the coat.V解析： 解析 女方的計(jì)劃是buy a new coat ，男方告訴她女裝部在up on the third floor 。所以女方需要去三樓買外套。故答案為 D。三、 Part B （ 總題數(shù)： 4 ，分?jǐn)?shù)： 15.00）Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following dialogue.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following dialogue.（分?jǐn)?shù)： 3.00 ）（1） .What is Frank"

11、s hobby? （分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ）A.Working in the garden.B.Bowling. VC.Collecting coins.D.Collecting stamps.解析： 解析 這個答案的信息來自于“ I suppose bowling is the closest thing to a hobby I have. ”， 他說他沒什么愛好，如果說有的話，那就是保齡球了。其他幾個主要是區(qū)分人物的對應(yīng)關(guān)系。（2） .Where does the woman want to go someday? （分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ）A.Mexico.B.China. 7C.Japan.

12、D.Canada.解析： 解析 女士說她最喜歡的是一枚來自中國的錢幣，對方因此問她是否到過中國。她回答將來肯定會去的。（3） .What time does Sue usually finish work? （分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ） A.At 10:00 p.m.B.Midnight. C.At5:00 p. m. 7 D.At 9:30.解析： 解析 這是個直接信息題： At least I can get to go home at 5:00 every night.最主要的是不要被后一個信息9:30 以及 10:00 所干擾。Questions 14 to 17 are based on

13、the following passage.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. （分?jǐn)?shù)：4.00 ）（1） .According to the passage, how many years do we live longer than our great grandparents?（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00 ）A.7 years.B.20 years. VC.30 years.D.Many years.解析： 解析 聽力原文第三句提到 Today, when welive 20 years longer than our gre

14、at-grandparents ， 直接根據(jù)原文得出答案。故答案為 B。（2） .At what age are women healthiest? （分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ） A.From 15 to 20.B.From 15 to 25.C.From 15 to 30. VD.From 20 to 30.解析： 解析 聽力原文第二段提到 For men, we are healthiest from 15 to 25; for women, from 15 to30. 可知女人最健康的年齡段為from 15 to 30 。屬于文章細(xì)節(jié)題。故答案為C。（3） .Which of the foll

15、owing is true? （分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ）A.Scientists have come to know why women can live longer than men.B.After 30, people view happiness as a goal in itself.C.Scientists and artists" peak time of creativity are different.VD.The ups and downs of life can be predicted.解析： 解析 該題屬于綜合題型，需要?dú)w納段落主要內(nèi)容。文中存在相關(guān)的核心句子，

16、就是Generallybetween 30 and 39, but the peak varies with different professions.可知不同領(lǐng)域的黃金年齡不同。符合c項(xiàng)意思。其他答案均不能在文章中找到相關(guān)支撐內(nèi)容。故答案為a（4） .How many years do females live longer than males according to the passage? （分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ） A.15 years.B.20 years.C.7 years. VD.We don"t know.解析：解析本題的關(guān)鍵是要聽懂outlive 的意思是：比長命

17、，然后根據(jù)：womenmysteriously outlivemen by seven years. 就可以判斷答案為 c。Questions 18 to 21 are based on the following passage.Questions 18 to 21 are based on the following passage.（分?jǐn)?shù)： 4.00 ）（1） .Which of the following traits is the essential one for an ideal air stewardess? （分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ） A.Good looks. VB.Brain

18、s.c.Sparkling personality.D.Willingness to serve.解析： 解析 短文盡管提到了成為 air stewardess 的諸多條件， 但是注意到文章首句： It takes more than good looks to be an air stewardess ，亦即 good looks 是不夠的，反向理解的意思就是說， good looks 是最基本的。故答案為A。（2） .Which of the following is not among the basic requirements for air girls? （分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ） A

19、.They must have a good college education.VB.They must be attractive.C.They must be in good health.D.Their age cannot be over 28.解析：解析該題屬于綜合題，需要考生從原文中尋找相應(yīng)答案。選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中的BCDTB可以從原文中找到相應(yīng)句子，只有A 選項(xiàng)沒有相關(guān)線索，故答案為A。（3） .How many languages must a stewardess be able to speak at least? （分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ）A.Two.B.Three. V C.Fou

20、r. D.Five.解析： 解析 材料第二段提到： speak English and at least two other languages ，可知需要掌握的語 言總數(shù)至少為三種。故答案為 B。（4） .The proper training the air girls receive doesn"t include which of the following? （分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00 ）A.Preparing meals.B.Taking care of children.C.Learning something about the theory of flying.D.Knowi

21、ng the whole aircraft in detail.V解析：解析屬于細(xì)節(jié)考查題。需要考生做好相關(guān)筆記。選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中的ABC均可以從原文當(dāng)中找到線索。故答案為D。Questions 22 to 25 are based on the following passage.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the following passage.（分?jǐn)?shù)： 4.00 ）（1） .What is the main reason why Cambridge is one of the best-known towns in the world? （分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00

22、）A.Because it is a favorite place for tourists.B.Because it has a famous university.VC.Because the town was started in the 13th century.D.Because the university has twenty well-known colleges.解析： 解析 這是道細(xì)節(jié)題。文章開始說“ Cambridge must be one of the best -known towns in the world（ 劍橋應(yīng)該是世界上最負(fù)盛名的城鎮(zhèn)了 ）”，接著說“ T

23、he main reason for its fame is its universities（ 它出名的主要原因是它的大學(xué)） ”。因此我們可以得出合理的答案，劍橋城出名主要是因?yàn)閯虼髮W(xué)。（2） .Which of the following colleges is the most famous one according to the passage? （分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ）A.Peterhouse College.B.Robinson College.C.King"s College. V D.Queen"s College.解析： 解析 這是道細(xì)節(jié)題。由文中的“

24、The most famous is probably King"s College（ 最出名的可能是King"s大學(xué)）”可知C為正確答案。此題需要在聽文章時做筆記，因?yàn)檫x項(xiàng)ABC都各有特色，容易混淆。（3） .When was the first women"s college opened in Cambridge University? （分?jǐn)?shù)： 1.00 ）A.In 1817.B.In 1871.7C.In 1873.D.In 1954.解析：解析 這是細(xì)節(jié)題。 從 "The university was exclusively for men

25、until 1871 when the first women"s college was opened（在1871年第一所女子大學(xué)建立以前，上大學(xué)是男性的特權(quán)）”可知 B為正確選項(xiàng)?！皀otuntil”表示“到才”的意思。熟悉這個固定搭配是解這道題的關(guān)鍵。另外，這 種題可在聽文章前迅速瀏覽一遍選項(xiàng)，聽時有針對性地做筆記。（4） .What is implied in the passage?（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00 ）A.Cambridge University has twenty colleges now.B.Cambridge University had three women c

26、olleges in the 1970s.C.All the colleges in Cambridge are now mixed.D.There are still more male students than female students in Cambridge University.V解析:解析這是道推斷題。文章末句"Almost all the colleges are now mixed, but it will be many years before there are equal numbers of both sexes（現(xiàn)今，幾乎所有的大學(xué)者B是混合學(xué)校，

27、但是要實(shí)現(xiàn)男女?dāng)?shù)量相等恐怕還需要很多年）”說明現(xiàn)在學(xué)院中男女生的數(shù)量還不相等，男生數(shù)量多。同時，短文中使用的是“almost all ”，這表明并不是所有的學(xué)校都是混合制的。四、Section n Use of English （總題數(shù)：1,分?jǐn)?shù)：20.00）A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply . all these were important 1 in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Rev

28、olution. 2 they were not enough. Something 3 was needed to start the industrial process. That "something special" was men - 4 individuals who could invent machines, find new 5 of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society.The menwho 6 the machines of the Industrial Revo

29、lution 7 from many backgrounds and manyoccupations. Many of them were 8 inventors than scientists. A man who is a 9 scientist is primarily interested in doing his research 10 . He is not necessarily working 11 that his findings can be used.An inventor or one interested in applied science is 12 tryin

30、g to make something that has a concrete 13 . He may try to solve a problem by using the theories 14 science or by experimenting through trial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a 15 result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of 16

31、other objectives.Most of the people who 17 the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not trained scientists. A few were both scientists and inventors. Even those who had 18 or no training in science might not have madetheir inventions 19 a groundwork had not been laid by scientists y

32、ears 20 .（分?jǐn)?shù)：20.00 ）A.casesB.reasonsC.factors VD.situations解析：解析這道題可從搭配和意義兩個方面入手而確定選factors 而不是reasons。從搭配上看，reason其后一般是跟for,而factor后則跟in。從意義上看，這句話的意思是促使英國成為工業(yè)革命中心的幾大“因素”，而不是“原因”。止匕外，從詞的邏輯外延上看，這里應(yīng)該用一個中性詞，因?yàn)椤耙蛩亍笨梢园?括正面的和反面的，也可涵蓋有利的和不利的。reason就沒有這個含義，它一般指好的方面。A.But VB.AndC.BesidesD.Even解析：解析因?yàn)楹竺嬗袀€否定詞n

33、ot,所以，整個句子與前一句形成了明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，而不是順接關(guān)系（and）、讓步關(guān)系（even）或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系（besides）。A.elseB.nearC.extraD.similar解析： 解析 要與前一句意義相一致，既然是not enough ，必然補(bǔ)充為 something else 了。A.generatingB.effectiveC.motivationD.creative V解析： 解析 實(shí)際上后半句的 who could invent machines 就已經(jīng)給出答案前面應(yīng)該填什么詞了。generate（ 產(chǎn)出 ） 和 effective（ 有效 ） 都和 invent 掛不上鉤。

34、A.originsB.sources VC.basesD.discoveries解析： 解析 這里更多的是固定搭配或是習(xí)慣用法。A.employedB.created VC.operatedD.controlled解析： 解析 這是個通過上下文來確定選項(xiàng)的題， 前面實(shí)際已經(jīng)給出答案了。 要與 could invent machines 一致。A.came VB.arrivedC.stemmedD.appeared 解析：解析來自于背景，只能用 come from。A.lessB.betterC.more VD.worse 解析：解析這方面，這是個語法題：more . than 比更多，與其說是

35、還不如說是。另一方面，這也是前后呼應(yīng)：這些人的工作更多的是發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，而非科學(xué)研究。A.genuineB.practicalC.pure VD.clever解析： 解析 后文已經(jīng)定義了前文： primarily interested in doing his research主要致力于科學(xué)研究。A.happilyB.occasionallyC.reluctantly D.accurately V解析： 解析 主要是通過上下文來做這道題：純理論科學(xué)家只對科學(xué)研究的精確與否感興趣，而與快樂與 否不構(gòu)成什么聯(lián)系。A.nowB.andC.allD.so V解析： 解析 還是為了保持前后邏輯的一致，用目的

36、狀語從句。A.seldomB.sometimesC.usually vD.never解析： 解析 這道題要從邏輯和意義兩方面來考慮：一個對應(yīng)用科學(xué)感興趣的發(fā)明家或人必然要注重其使用價值。A.planB.use VC.ideaD.means解析： 解析 concrete 在這里相當(dāng)于solid ， practical 。A.of VB.withC.toD.as解析： 解析 這里是指所有格關(guān)系：科學(xué)的理論，而不是用科學(xué)去解釋理論。A.singleB.soleC.specializedD.specific V是“被supply解析： 解析 意思是他力求解決某一特定的問題， 而不是單一的問題 (sin

37、gle ， sole) 。 specialized 特別化了”的意思，與句子所要表達(dá)的意義不符合。A.fewB.thoseC.many VD.all解析： 解析 前面是說為了“某一特定的目的”，這里來了一點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)折，或是許多其他的目的。A.proposedB.developed VC.suppliedD.offered解析： 解析 這句話的意思是：大部分的工業(yè)革命時代創(chuàng)造出來的機(jī)器是由發(fā)明家制造出來的，而不是科學(xué)家發(fā)明的。 這里只有 develop 才是創(chuàng)造的意思， 相當(dāng)于 create 或 invent ； 而 propose 是“提議”；與 offer 是“提供”。A.little VB.mu

38、chC.someD.any解析：解析這道題也要從意義和語法入手。從邏輯與意義上看：即使是沒有多少或是根本沒有，要 選一個具有否定意義的詞才能與even 相配套。 little or no 也是一貫的搭配組合。A.asB.if VC.becauseD.while解析： 解析 這句話的含義是：如果沒有科學(xué)家前期所做的鋪墊，就不能進(jìn)行發(fā)明創(chuàng)造。這道題也要將邏輯、意義以及固定搭配等因素考慮進(jìn)去。A.agoB.pastC.aheadD.before V解析： 解析 從漢語意義上說，這幾個詞都是“以前”的意思。但只要我們從英語的“形”和語法上來考慮，就可以剔除其他幾個詞而選 before ， ago 只和

39、過去時用在一起，而past 一般只用作定語； ahead 意為“在前面”，既可以表時間和也可表地理的概念； before 用在完成時里。五、Section m Rea ding Comprehension （總題數(shù)：0,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）6、 Part A （ 總題數(shù)：0 ，分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）7、 Text 1 （ 總題數(shù)：1 ，分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）With only about 1,000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone the animaland save the endangered species.

40、 That"s a move similar to what a Texas A&M University researcher has been undertaking for the past five years in a project called "Noah"s Ark."Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A&M"s College of Veterinary Medicine and a pioneer inembryo （ 胚胎 ） transfer work and

41、 related procedures, says he salutes the Chinese effort and "Iwish them all the best success possible. It"s a worthwhile project, certainly not an easy one,and it"s very muchlike what we"re attempting here at Texas A&M to save animals from extinction." Noah"s Ark is

42、 aimed at collecting eggs, embryos, semen （精子 ） and DNA of endangered animals andstoring them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should be come extinct, Kraemer says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.It is estimated that as many as 2,000

43、species of mammals, birds and reptiles will become extinct over the next 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years.This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japa

44、nese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete."The nuclear transfer of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available panda eggs could be a major problem," Kraemer believes

45、. "They will probably have to do several hundredtransfers to result in one pregnancy. It takes a long time and it"s difficult, but this couldbe groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk,so it is worth the effort," adds Kraemer, who is o

46、ne of the leaders of the Missy plicity Projectat Texas A&M, the first ever attempt at cloning a dog. （分?jǐn)?shù)： 10.00 ）（1） .The aim of "Noah"s Ark" project is to . （分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A.implant embryo into a host animalB.salute the Chinese efforts in saving pandasC.save endangered animals from e

47、xtinctionVD.introduce cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit解析： 解析 細(xì)節(jié)題。 題意是： “諾亞方舟這個工程的目的是什么?”文章的第三段說“Noah"s Ark isaimed at . If certain species should be come extinct . reintroduce the species in the future. ” 可見“諾亞方舟”的目的是挽救滅絕的物種。所以本題的答案選 C。（2） .How long w

48、ill the Chinese panda cloning project take according to the passage? （分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ） A.1 Year.B.3 to5 years. VC.2 years.D.25 years.解析： 解析 細(xì)節(jié)題。題意是：“根據(jù)文章，中國的克隆大熊貓項(xiàng)目要用多長時間?”第六段指出，整個程序需要三至五年完成。本句中的。 procedure 指的就是克隆大熊貓的過程。（3） .The word "groundbreaking" （Paragraph 7） can be interpreted as . （分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.

49、00 ）A.essentially new B.pioneering VC.evolutionaryD.epoch-making 解析：解析詞義題。題意是：第七段里的 groundbreaking可解釋為什么意義。A “全新的”；B “開創(chuàng) 性的"；C "進(jìn)化的"；D "劃時代的"。break ground原意為"破土；創(chuàng)建"。groundbreaking 所在句子的意義為：它需要花很長時間并且很難，但如果它能成功，這就會成為一個開創(chuàng)性的科學(xué)。（4） .What could be the major problem in c

50、loning pandas according to Professor Kraemer? （分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A.Lack of available panda eggs.VB.Lack of host animals.C.Lack of qualified researchers.D.Lack of funds.解析：解析細(xì)節(jié)題。題意是：根據(jù) Kraemer教授的觀點(diǎn)，克隆大熊貓的主要問題是什么。 A “缺少可得 到的熊貓卵子”；B “缺少受體動物”；C “缺少合格的科研人員”；D “缺少資金”。由第七段第一句可知， 將一個物種的細(xì)胞核移植到另外一個物種是件不容易的事，缺少大熊貓的卵子可

51、能會成為一個重要問題。（5） .The best title for the passage may be . （分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A.China the Native Place of Pandas Forever B.China"s Efforts to Clone PandasVC.China"s First Cloned Panda D.Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas 解析： 解析 主旨題。題意是：這篇文章的最佳標(biāo)題是什么。本文第一段為全文導(dǎo)語。從第二段起具體介 紹 Duane Kraemer 對中國科學(xué)家克隆大

52、熊貓的做法的評價，并與美國科學(xué)家正在從事的“諾亞方舟”計(jì)劃 做了對比。文章最后一段表達(dá)了他們對中國同行所做的丁作的高度評價，由此也向讀者介紹了中國科學(xué)家 在克隆大熊貓這個項(xiàng)目上所做的努力。A是“中國一一大熊貓永遠(yuǎn)的出生地”；B是“中國克隆大熊貓所付出的努力”； C 是“中國第一只克隆大熊貓”； D 是“探索克隆大熊貓的可能性”。 根據(jù)上面的分析答案選 B。8、 Text 2 （ 總題數(shù)： 1 ，分?jǐn)?shù)： 10.00）Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with

53、 work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics, the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the

54、 modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arMs. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness

55、 for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robo-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy far greater precision tha

56、n highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves goals thatpose a real challenge. "While we know how

57、to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, "we can"t yet give a robot enough "commonsense" to reliably interact with a dynamic world." Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed re

58、sults. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.What they found, in attempting to model thought,