動詞不定式與動名詞作賓語的區(qū)別

1、1 / 11動詞不定式與動名詞作賓語的區(qū)別英語中有的及物動詞只能跟動名詞作賓語；有的 及物動詞只能跟動詞不定 式作賓語；但也有及物動詞的賓語既是動名詞又是動詞不定式。 區(qū)別在于：一、在 want，decide，promise，refuse，agree，wish，hope，expect等及物動詞后面的賓語只能是動詞不定式，不是動名詞。如：1.1want to have a talk with her.我想跟她談?wù)劇?.Our teacher decided to stay with us.老師決定留下來與我們在一起。3. My En glish teacher promised to lend

2、some books to me.我的英語老師答應(yīng)借給我一些書。4. My mother refused to go there with us.我媽媽拒絕和我們一起去那里。二、 在一些動詞后要求只跟動名詞作賓語 ：1、在 finish ， enjoy，mind, suggest， practise ，admit承認(rèn)advise建議allow允許appreciate感激，avoid避免，consider考慮，delay推遲，deny否 認(rèn)，discuss討論，dislike不喜歡，enjoy喜愛，escape逃脫，excuse原諒， fancy設(shè)想，finish完成，forbid禁止，forg

3、ive原諒，give up放棄，imagine想像,keep保持，mention提及,mind介意miss沒趕上，pardon原諒,permit允許，practise練習(xí)，prevent阻止，put off推遲，report報(bào)告，risk冒險(xiǎn)， stop停止，suggest建議，understand理解。1.1advise waiting a few more days.我建議再等幾天。2.1admit breaki ng the wi ndow.我承認(rèn)窗子是我打破的。3. Try to imagi ne being on the moon.設(shè)法想像你是在月球上。2 / 114. He tri

4、ed to escape being punished.他設(shè)法逃避懲罰。5. You shouldn t keep thinking about it.你不應(yīng)老想著這事。6.Would you mind going with her?你可否同她一起去？7.1can t understand neglecting children like that.對孩子那樣毫不經(jīng)心，我不能理解。8. We on ly missed see ing each other by five mi nu tes.我們只因差五分鐘而未能見面。9. Would you mind opening the window?打

5、開窗好嗎？10. These books are well worth reading.這些書值得讀。11. My mother could nt help smili ng whe n she heard the good n ews.聽到那好消息，我媽媽情不自禁地笑起來。12. My father has given up smoking.我父親戒煙了。13. Everyone in my class enjoys playing football.我班人人喜歡踢足球。14. Mike ofte n attempts to escape being fined whe never he b

6、reakstraffic regulatio ns.15. The doctor suggested that I avoid smoki ng and drinking for amon th.16. Would you mind ope ning the win dow?17. The murderer denied killi ng the rich man.18would appreciate your keep ing it a secret.2、有些短語動詞和結(jié)構(gòu)后面也要求跟動名詞作賓語。3 / 11這樣的短語動詞常見的有：insist on, be worth ，object/o

7、bjection toput off ，keep on，insist on，leave off ， look forward to ，think of, cant help,be/get used to, spend.in , can t stand忍不??；feel4 / 11like想，欲；give up放棄； put off推遲,can t help忍不住，go on 等。如：1. Do you feel like going out for dinner with me tonight?2. Chinese people are looking forward to holding th

8、e 27th Olympicgames.3. I am used to going to bed late and gett ing up late.4. Although pun ctual himself, the professor was quite usedtostudents being late for his lecture.5. I have no objecti on_to heari ng your story aga in.6. He put off mak ing a decisi on till he had more in formati on.在獲得詳情之前，他

9、沒有急于作出決定。7. Do you feel like taking a walk?你要不要去散步？8. We are looking forward to coming to China.我們期待著來中國。9. We succeeded in gett ing over all the difficulties.我們終于克服了所有的困難。3、在一些特別的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中要求使用動名詞：1.“ have problem (+in) + 動名詞，2. have fun 什 in) + 動名詞，3. have difficulty in doing sth.,4. have trouble/a har

10、d time in doing sth.;5. be busy (in) +動名詞；6. waste time (in) +動名詞；5 / 11以上動名詞做介詞賓語，in 常要省去。例如：The childre n are busy doing their homework.。孩子們忙于做作業(yè)。4、在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中動名詞作主語?！?There is(was) no + doing ”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語。there be no need + 動名詞,There is no poi nt (in) +動名詞”等結(jié)構(gòu)中，There is no point (in) mak ing the simple exp

11、erime nts once aga in.再做一次這種簡單的實(shí)驗(yàn)是毫無意義的。There is no denying that she is very efficie nt.她效率高是不容否認(rèn)的。5、 當(dāng)動名詞做主語時(shí)，我們常用先行詞 it 作形式主語，而把真正的主語 動名詞放到句尾，特別要注意如下結(jié)構(gòu)：1. It is useless (no use, no good, fun, no harm, a waste of time,a good pleasure) doin g.2. It is a waste of time doin g.3. It is worthwhile doi n

12、g.【例如】It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is a waste of time discussing such matters with him.It is no good leav ing todays work for tomorrow.6、動名詞在 dema nd, deserve, n eed, require, want 等動詞后面作賓語lose time (in) +動名詞;6 / 11時(shí)，表示被動的意思?！纠纭?. My shoes n eed mending.2. The follow ing Ian guage points

13、deserve men ti oning.3. This matter dema nds discuss ing.4. Your hair wants cutt ing.It is no good writ ing to him; he n ever an swers letters.寫信給他不妥，他從來不回信。It is no use your complaining; the company won t do anything aboutit.抱怨是沒有用的，公司是不會管的。It is good play ing chess after supper.晚飯后弈棋挺好。It is usele

14、ss speak ing.光說是沒有用的。三、在 beg in，start ，like ，hate，remember, forget 等及物動詞后，既可用動名詞作賓語又可用動詞不定式作賓語，但意義不同。1、在 like 后用動名詞作賓語，表示“習(xí)慣或愛好”，時(shí)間不明確。其后 接動詞不定式作賓語，表示“喜歡要做的某一特定動作”，時(shí)間明確。如：1） He likes playing basketball.她喜歡打籃球。（愛好）2） We dont like to play football today.我們今天不想踢足球。（指活動）2、在 like，hate 后接動名詞作賓語時(shí)，動名詞這個動作的發(fā)

15、出者，可能7 / 11是句子的主語或者是指其他人。如：1） My friend likes singing.我的朋友喜歡唱歌。（可能自己喜歡唱，也可能喜歡別人唱）2） My friend likes to si ng.我朋友喜歡唱。（自己唱）3） I hate to smoke. 我不喜歡吸煙。（指自己不吸煙）4） My mother hates smoking. 我母親反對吸煙。（自己不吸，也反對別人吸）3 在 begin , start 后接動名詞作賓語，表示有意識地“開始”；接動詞不定式表示無意識地“開始”。如：1） She began to study Chinese after sh

16、e came to Chine.她來中國后就開始學(xué)漢語。（并非主觀意識）2） He began teaching himself Japanese in 2000.他自 2000 年開始自學(xué)日語。（主觀意識）3）Myteachers started travelling a long wayfrom Shanghai to Beijing.老師們從上海至北京開始了長途旅行。4） It started to rain at ten last night.昨晚十點(diǎn)開始下起雨來。（沒主觀意識）四、在部分動詞后用動名詞作賓語或不定式（不再是賓語）意思是不同的：1、在 stop、try、can t he

17、lp 、go on 后面用動名詞或 to do 不定式意 思不一樣。在 stop 后面用動名詞說明動名詞所表示的動作終止；用動詞不定式不再是賓語，是作目的狀語，以表示動詞不定式所表示動作的開始。如：1） They stopped talking as soon as they say me.他們一看見我，就 停止了談話。（talking 終止）8 / 112） They stopped to talk with me as soon as they saw me.一看見我，他們就停下來與我交談。（開始了to talk with me ）2、當(dāng) remember, forget ，regret

18、后面用動名詞作賓語時(shí)，動名詞一般指早于這些動作而發(fā)生的動作；用動詞不定式時(shí)，一般使晚于這些動作而發(fā) 生的動作。女口：1） I remembered seeing him somewhere. 我記得在什么地方見過他。（seeing 早于 remember 發(fā)生）9 / 11發(fā)生時(shí)，to see 還未發(fā)生)3)I forgot teachi ng thestude nts the words.我忘記了曾教過學(xué)生們這些詞。(已經(jīng)教過)4)I forgot to teach thestudents the words。我忘了教學(xué)生們這些詞。can t help ， go on五、使用動名詞的注意事項(xiàng)

19、：(1)有的動詞后接動名詞作賓語時(shí)通常帶有邏輯主語。如：1. The rain preve nted his coming.下雨使他不能來。2. Excuse my ope ning your letter by mistake.原諒我不慎把你的信拆開。有的動詞(如 advise, allow, forbid, permit等)后雖然不能直接跟不定式作賓語，但可接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：1. He advised buying a computer.他建議買臺電腦。2. He advised her to buy a computer.他建議她買臺電腦(3)有些動詞(如 consider, u

20、nderstand, discuss等)雖不接不定式作賓語，卻可接“疑問詞+不定式”作賓語。如：2 ) I remembered to see the film我記得要看這部電影。(remember10 / 111. Have you con sidered how to get there?你是否考慮過如何到那兒去2.She doesn t understand how to look after him. 她不知道應(yīng)如何照顧他。3. We discussed what to do and where we should go.我們討論了該怎么辦及到哪里去。(4) 動名詞作介詞賓語動名詞作介

21、詞賓語，并且和介詞構(gòu)成介詞短語?！纠纭縎he left without saying anything to us.Mans dream of landing on themoon came true in 1968am afraid of being puni shed by theteacher.A nn n ever dreams of_ for her to be sent abroad verysoon .(CET-4 1998,6)A) there being a cha nee B) there to beC) there be a eha nee D) being a eha

22、 neeof 為介詞，后面接動名詞做賓語，因此B 和 C 都可以排除。另外，根據(jù)句意：安妮從來沒有夢想過她有一個很快被送出國的機(jī)會，介詞后面含有“有”的意思，用 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)，故正確答案為 A.動詞不定式和動名詞用法小結(jié)1.不定式不定式可作主語、表語、賓語、定語、同位語、狀語和補(bǔ)語等。如：She kept quiet about the aeeide nt so as not to lose the job.為了不丟掉工作，她對這次事故保持沉默。 （目11 / 11的狀語）It always pays to tell the truth.說實(shí)話總是不吃虧的。（作主語）It was

23、 late, so we deeided to take a taxi home.天太晚了，我們決定坐出租車回家。（作賓語）The next train to arrive was from New York. 下一列到站的火車是從紐約開來的。（作定語）He gave the order to start the attaek.他發(fā)出了開始進(jìn)攻的命令。（作同位語）請注意以下用法：（1）不定式在句中作目的狀語，常意為“為了” 。不定式一般放在句末，但有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的，也可以放在句首。To pass the exam, the stude nts have to work hard.為了通過考試，

24、學(xué)生們不得不努力學(xué)習(xí)。但是，有些帶 to 的固定搭配，一般放在句首，并不是表示目的。to be hon est 誠實(shí)地講to be frank 坦率地講to tell you the truth 跟你說實(shí)話吧to beg in with 首先to make matters worse 更糟糕的是(2) only/never to do sth 作結(jié)果狀語The general left home, never to return. 將軍離家而去，一去不復(fù)返。Alice hurried to school, only to find it was Sunday. 愛麗絲迅速趕到學(xué)校，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)是星

25、期日。2. 動名詞 動名詞在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語、同位語和補(bǔ)語等（但不能作狀語 ）。It is useless speaking. 光說沒有用。 （作主語）The main thing is getting there in time. 首要的事是及時(shí)到達(dá)那里。 （作表語）I suggest doing it in a different way.我建議換一種方法做此事。 （作賓語） They set up an operating table in a small temple. 他們將手術(shù)臺架設(shè)在一座小廟里。 （作定語）I call this robbing Peter to p

26、ay Paul. 我管這叫做拆東墻補(bǔ)西墻。 （作補(bǔ)語） 3 兩者的部分區(qū)別（1） 動名詞與不定式在很多情況下可以互用，但是表示具體的、特定情況下或有待于完成的動作常 用不定式。如：Would you like to play football this afternoon? 你今天下午愿意踢球嗎？To get there by bike will take us half an hour. 騎車子到那兒將花費(fèi)我們半個小時(shí)的時(shí)間。（2） 有些動詞只能跟動名詞作賓語而不跟不定式作賓語，有些則只能跟不定式而不能跟動名詞作賓 語，另外還有一些則兩者兼可 （有時(shí)意義基本相同，區(qū)別不大，而有時(shí)又意義截然相

27、反）。注意以下區(qū)別go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)干同一件事 go on to do sth. 接著干另外一件事 stop doing sth. 停止干某事 stop to do sth.停下來去干某事 forget doing sth. 忘記已干了某事 forget to do sth. 忘記要干某事 remember doing sth. 記得已經(jīng)干了某事 remember to do sth. 記住要干某事 try doing sth. 試著干某事 try to do sth. 設(shè)法干某事 mean doingsth. 意味著 mean to do sth. 打算干某事 can t

28、 help doing sth. 禁不住干某事 can t help(to)do sth. 不能幫助干某事 regret doing sth. 后悔干了某事 regret to do sth. 因要做某事而遺憾 You should say sorry to your brother.你應(yīng)該向你的兄弟道歉。No, I don t regret quarrelling with him. 不，我不后悔與他吵架。I regret to tell you thatyou have been dismissed. 我很遺憾地告訴你被開除了。 練習(xí)1. He reached the top of the

29、 hill and stopped _ on a big rock.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest2. I can htelp _ housework at home these days because I am busy _ for the entranceexamination.12 / 11A. doing; preparing B. with doing; to prepareC. done; to prepare D. to do; preparing3. I can t stand _ nothing _ all day.

30、A. to having; to do B. having; to doC. to have; doing D. having; doing4. For what reason do you want to stop me from going home? Your work includes _ the bowls.A. to washB. washC. washingD. washed5. Which do you enjoy _ your spare time, playing computer games or reading ？A. spendingB. having spentC.

31、 to have spentD. to spend6. We don t allow _ here. Those who smoke are not allowed _ here.A. smoking; smoking B. to smoke; to smokeC. to smoke; smoking D. smoking; to smoke7. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour.A. waitingB. to waitC. waitD. to be waitingKey： 1-7. CDBCDDA（3）有些動詞后接動名詞主動式可表被動意義，相當(dāng)于其不定式被動式。 如：It needs repairing. / It needs to be repaired. 它需要修理。（ 4）在 should, （would） like, love 等之后須用不定式。I d like to thank you again. 我想再次感謝你。I d love tcoome tomorrow. 明天我再來（5） 有時(shí)修