倒裝和虛擬語氣講解

1、語法系列復(fù)習(xí)專題十-虛擬語氣、倒裝句型虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是通過特殊的謂語動(dòng)詞形式來表達(dá)的愿望、假設(shè)、懷疑、猜測或建議等語氣，它不表示客觀存在。一、虛擬語氣在單句中的用法常用來表示祝愿、采用固定的倒裝句式。例如：Long s Republic of China!中華人民共和國萬歲！live thePeoplebe happy!快樂！have a good time!玩得愉快！succeed!成功！make progress!進(jìn)步！二、虛擬語氣在復(fù)合句中的用法：1. 在非真實(shí)性條件句與主句中的用法1）表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反條件從句主句一般過去時(shí)（be 多用于 were） would/should/cou

2、ld/might +動(dòng)詞原形例如：If I were you,I should accept the invitation.如果我是你，我會接受邀請的。If I had time,I would go there.如果我有空，我就去那兒。2）與過去事實(shí)相反條件從句主句過去完成時(shí) would/should/could/might + have donet have missed the t/wouldn 例女口 ： If you had come earlier,you couldn bus.如果你早點(diǎn)來，你就不會錯(cuò)過那輛公共汽車了。If he had seen you yesterday,he

3、 would have returned your book.如果他昨天見到了你，他就會還你的書的。3）與將來事實(shí)可能相反條件從句主句一般過去時(shí)（be多用were）should do,were to do would/should/could/might +動(dòng)詞原形 例如：If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,the sports meet would beput off.萬一明天下雨，運(yùn)動(dòng)會就推遲。（事實(shí)上明天下雨的可能性不大。）If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it w

4、ould break.萬一杯子掉下來會打碎的。4）if的省略如果條件句中有 were,had,should等助動(dòng)詞，可將if省略，而 把 were,had 或 should置于句首，來表達(dá)以if引導(dǎo)的條件句的相同意思。例如： Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./Had he seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.5）條件句或主句的省略當(dāng)有上下文或上下句中的語言環(huán)境暗示的時(shí)候，表示虛擬語 氣的從句或主句往往可以省略，以避

5、免重復(fù)。例如：Why t you attend the party yesterday? didnI would/should have,but I was too busy then.t like this job.You could have I was surprised that you didn done it better.（后面省略了 if you had liked it.）6）混合時(shí)間條件句與主句條件句與主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間有先后之差，應(yīng)按各自動(dòng)作時(shí)間搭配好相應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。例如：If the teacher t been ill yesterday,who could giv

6、e us a lecture now?/lf you had reviewed hadn the lesson,you would answer the question now.7）含蓄條件句與主句即用 without（ = but for）,or（else）代替 if 從句。例女口 : Without/But for his t have made such great progress. help,we wouldnhis help,we wouldnt have made such great = If progress.2. 在as if/as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中用法：在a

7、s if/as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞多用倒退一個(gè) 時(shí)間段的方式來表達(dá)虛擬語氣。例如：The man speaks as if he were a foreigner./The speaker told us a lot about that country as though he had been there many times./They talked as if they had been good friends for years. 注：as if/as though從句中不一定都要用虛擬語氣。如果情況 真實(shí)性、可能性很大，就要用正常時(shí)態(tài)來描繪。例如：It loo

8、ks as if it is going to rain.天看起來象要下雨。（下雨的可能性很 大。）3. 在賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句中的用法：1）在wish后的賓語從句中的用法：A .與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望：賓從謂語為“ had sdone”形式。例如：I wish I had passed yesterday exam.要是我昨天的考試及 格了該多好。B .與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望：賓從謂語為“ did形式。例如：He wishes he was as clever as you./I wish I had a large room to live in.C.表示將來愿望：賓從謂語用“ wou

9、ld/could do形式。例如：How I wish I would go abroad next year!2) 在 suggest,propose,demand,request,require,order,insist等動(dòng)詞 后的賓語從句中，謂語為“ (should) do”形式。例如：I suggest/propose/demand/request/require/order/insist that he(should) be sent to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.3) 在 “It is (about/high) time+

10、that 從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，that 從句的謂 語用一般過去時(shí)或 “should do形式。例如：It is high time he他該開始了。4) 在表語從句、同位語從句中的用法：在 suggestion,proposal,request,requirement,advice等名詞后的表語從句、同位語從句中，謂語用“ (should)do”形式。例如：My suggestion is that we (should) send a few comrades to help the other groups./He gave an order that the work be done at o

11、nce.虛擬語氣考點(diǎn)分析t you come yesterday? 1.Alice,why didnI,but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET)A.had B.would C.was going to D.did析:此題A、D明顯不合上下文，因?yàn)橐曳經(jīng)]有去。B選項(xiàng)若為would have則成立，可以理解為 I would have come if I t had an unexpected visitor.的簡略式。但此處是 would,故應(yīng)排除。只有was going hadn to可得體地表達(dá)我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造訪”這一意思2 . If t

12、here were no subjunctive,English mucheasier. (NMET)A.will be B.would have been C.could have been D.would be析：觀察題干，可知全句表達(dá)的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣。故答案為D。3. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody therules. (NMET)A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey析:根據(jù)insist后的賓語從句謂語要用(should) do形式規(guī)律，可定正確答案是 B。4. I wish

13、 Iyou yesterday.A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see析：此題表與過去事實(shí)相反的原望，答案應(yīng)為Co5. If he,hethat food.Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (NMET)A.was warned;would not take B.had been warned;would not have takenC.wuld be warned;had not taken D.would have been warned;had not taken析：從對話看，是表達(dá)

14、與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，故答 案為B。6. Without electricity human life quite differenttoday. (NMET)A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be析：without引出一個(gè)含蓄條件句，主句表述的是與現(xiàn)在事 實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，故答案為D。7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as if it . (NMET)A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken析；放入水

15、中的鉛筆看上去是斷的，但實(shí)際上并非如此， 因此是與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反，這時(shí)as if從句謂語要用一般過去時(shí)，故答案為CoN8. You didn let me drivef we in turn,you sotired. (NMET)t get t getB.drove;wouldn A.drove;didnC.were t have got t getD.haddriven;wouldn driving;wouldn析：觀察題干，可知if從句表述與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，因此答案只能是D。t see your uncle at the partyf 7. I didn he ,he wouldhav

16、e said hello tome.A.would come B.had come C.came D.did come析：觀察題目上下文，特別是第二句的主句謂語為wouldhave said，可知if從句表述的是與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望，因 此答案為B。M10. it for your help,I couldn have made anyprogress.A.Had;not been B.Should;not be C.Did;not be D.Not;be析：根據(jù)主句謂語形式，可知從句要用had done形式，故應(yīng)選 A , Had it not been for your help = If

17、 it had not been for your help.（要不是你幫忙的話）11. Mr Smith was badly ill,or heour dinner party.A.should come to B.would have attendedC.would come to D.should have attended析：or可引導(dǎo)含蓄條件句，表達(dá)虛擬語氣。根據(jù)此題內(nèi)容，可知是與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故答案為B。倒裝句型英語的倒裝有兩大類型： 一、 全部倒裝：指謂語全部置于主語之前的倒裝，有下列幾 種情況：1 here,there,away,in,out,down,up,off,ba

18、ck,now,then 等在句首 時(shí)引起全部倒裝。例如：Here is a letter for you./There goes the last train./The door opened,and in came Mr Smith./Away went the boy./Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas./Back came the others./Out rushed the boy with an apple in his hand./Then came a noise like thunder./Now comes the bu

19、s.2 介詞短語或方位名詞詞組作地點(diǎn)狀語位于句首，引起全 部倒裝。例如：In the corner of the room stands a writing table./South of the city lies a big factory./Under the bed lies a cat./In these oceans live huge numbers of a small fish 5cm long. 注：以上兩種完全倒裝主語必須是名詞，謂語常是表示方位 或轉(zhuǎn)移的不及物動(dòng)詞，如 lie,live,sit,stand,be,come,go,rise,walk,run 等，主語若是人

20、稱代 詞或謂語不屬上述動(dòng)詞之列，則不用完全倒裝。例如： Here it rains a lot every month of the year./Here we are!/Off you go!/Then she went to the shop.3. 在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，采用全部倒裝語序。例如：There is a book in the bag.表系主語4. 代詞such作表語，意 這樣的人”這樣的物”，應(yīng)置于句 首，其后全部倒裝。例如：Such were the facts./Such would be our home in the future.二、部分倒裝：指部分謂語（如助動(dòng)

21、詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）位于主 語之前的倒裝。有下列一些情況：1. 一般疑問句，選擇疑問句，反意問句要求部分倒裝。例如: Has s he finished his work?/ltt a lovely day,isn it?2 .特殊疑問詞不作主語或不作主語的定語的特殊疑問句要 求部分倒裝。例如：When did you go there?/Which do you like best?3. only修飾動(dòng)詞、介詞短語、狀語從句，并置于句首時(shí)， 主句中要部分倒裝。例如：Only when the rain stopped did the match start again.注：“on卅名詞/代詞”置于

22、句首不要倒裝。例如：Only he can do it.（正） Only can he do it.（誤）4. 含有否定意義的副詞，如：not,never,neither,nor,seldom,hardly,little 等置于句首時(shí)，要求部分倒裝。例如:Hardly can I believe that./Never has he been to the Great Wall./Seldom does shewrite to me.5. not only but(also)連接兩個(gè)分句，not only 置于句首， 它所引導(dǎo)的這部分要部分倒裝，但but (al so)部分不要倒裝。例如；No

23、t only should we study science,but also we should pay attention to politics.注：若 not only but(also) 連接兩個(gè)主語， 句子不要倒裝。6. not until 引起一個(gè)短語或引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句置于句首時(shí)，主句 中要求部分倒裝。例如：Not until he was ten did he go to school./Not until yesterday didI realize what trouble he was in.7. hardly when;no sooner than 句型中，若hardly,

24、no sooner位于句首時(shí)，主句中要求部分倒裝。例如：Hardly had I entered the room when the phone rang./No sooner had he finished his talk than he was surrounded(包 圍)by the workers.8. so 表“也”、“同樣 ”意，位于句首時(shí)，其后要部分倒裝。例 如：You can swim,so can I./If you go,so will I.倒裝語序考點(diǎn)分析1. Not onlypolluted butcrowded.(上海高考)A. was the city;were

25、 the streets B.the city was;the streets were C.was the city;the streets were D.the city was;were the streets 析：not only部分要部分倒裝，可排除 B、D。but(also)部分 不要倒裝，故C為正確答案。2. Little about his own safety,though he was in greatdanger himself.(上海高考)A . does he care B.did he care C.he care D.he cared析：否定意義的Little在句

26、首，該句要倒裝，故答案在A、B之中選擇一個(gè)，因 A的時(shí)態(tài)不對，故答案為 B。3. Only in this wayprogess in your English. (NMET)A.you make B.can you make C.you be able to make D.will you able to come析：Only修飾in this way置于句首，句子要部分倒裝，故答案為B。4. Not until all the fish died in the riverhow serious thepollution was.(NMET)A.did the villagers reali

27、ze B.the villagers realizedt the villagers C.the villagers did realize D.didn realize析：由于Not until在句首，主句要采用部分倒裝，這樣先 可排除B、C,又由于D不t,故A為正確答案。 應(yīng)該用didn5. Be quick!A. The bus comes here B.The bus here comesC.Here the bus comes D.Here comes the bus析：用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作出現(xiàn)在倒裝句中，所以此題答案為 D。 (= The bus is coming he

28、re.)6. On the walltwo large portraits. (NMET)A.hangs B.hang C.hanged D.hanging析：由于介詞短語 on the wall位于句首，全句要采用完全 倒裝式，因?yàn)橹髡Z是復(fù)數(shù)，所以正確答案為B。虛擬語氣、倒裝句型專練1. Littleabout what others think.A.he has cared B.he cares C.cared he D.does he care2. got into the roomthe telephone rang. (NMET)A.He hardly had;then B.Hard

29、ly had he;whenC.He had not;than D.Not had he;when3.0nly by practising a few hours every day be able tomaster the language.（上海高考）A . you can B.can you C.you will D.will you4.lf Ihim yesterday Ihim about it.A.saw;would ask B.had seen;would have askedC.had seen;would ask D.saw;would have asked5. What d

30、o you think would happen if there no lightduring the days?A.is B.will be C.were D.would be6. you succeed in everything andyou be healthy.A.Hope;wish B.Wish;hope C.May;may D.Expect;hope7. But for your help,Ithe place.t t have found D.haven t have found C.couldn t find B.can A.can found8f her lawyerhe

31、re last Sunday,heher from going.A.had been;would have prevented B.had been;would preventC.were;would preventD.were;would have prevented9.If it had not been for the liberation,no changesplace inmy hometown.A.would have taken B.would have been taken C.will takenD.will be taken10. late tommorrow,who wo

32、uld take her place?A.Should Miss Green come B.If Miss Green would comeC.Miss Green should come Df Miss Green comes11. it,the cropsbe saved.A.Had;rained;could B.Should;rain;wouldCf;rains;shouldD.Would;rain;should12. The actor is over fifty.But he acts as if hea young man.A.is B.will beC.should be D.w

33、ere13t seems as if italready summer now.A.were B.be C.is D.had been14wish Ihim the day before yesterday.A.saw B.could see C.had seen D.was seeing15made the suggestion that they the plan they hadmade.A.stick to B.stuck to C.insist D.insisted on16t is suggested that a study planright now.A.is made B.i

34、s to be made C.be made D.had beenmade17.They required that wethem get in the crops.A.help B.helped C.were helping D.would help18.She should have attended the class,but she.t t B.hasn A.hadn t t D.doesn C.didn19t was ordered that no smoking in the library,whichmade the smokers unhappy.A.is forbidden

35、B.would permit C.be allowed D.should not be allowed20.Not once his view of life.A.did the gentleman mention B.the gentleman mentionedC.mentioned the gentlemanD.does the gentleman mention21.In the sun a group of young soldiers,gun in hand.A.did stand B.had stood C.standing D.stood22. You forgot to ha

36、nd in your homework yesterday. Good heavens! .Here you are.A.So I did B.So did I C.I did,too D.So you have23. with his slippers on when he heard the terrible noise.A.Out did he rush B.Rushed he out C.Out rushed he D.Out he rushed24. No sooner finished the composition the lightwent out.A.I had;when B

37、.I had;than C.had I;when D.had I;than 25.It was not until to prepare his lessons.A. did his father come in that the boy beganB. his father came in that the boy beganC. did his father come in did the boy beginD. his father came in did the boy begin26. ,so you are not a friend of mine.A.I never saw yo

38、u beforeB. Never before I have seenyouC. Never before have I seen you D.Never had I seen you before27. David has made great progress recently. ,and . （上海高考 ）A.So he has;so you have B.So he has;so have youC.So has he;so have you D.So has he;so you have28. Never till tomorrow what may be done today.A.

39、put off B.do put off C.did you put off D.you will put off29. Have you written these letters? No, time to do any other work yet.A.hardly I haveB.I have had hardlyC.I have hardly had D.I hardly have had30. get such a pair of shoes for my son?A.Where do you think can I B.Do you think where can IC.Do yo

40、u think where I can D.Where do you think I can31. Then that the enemy were gone.A.the news came B.came the news C.did the news come D.did come the news32. What a beautiful bridge,?Yes,?t A.isn t t it;it is D.is it;it isn t it B.is it;isit C.isn it;isn33. Along the path,on which“ Keep off the GrassA.

41、stood some signs;were writtenB.stood some signs;wroteC.some signs stood;were writtenD.some signs stood;wrote34. He took a taxi so that hethere in time.A.was able to be B.got C.could get D.should getd 漢 35rather Tomtomorrow.A.come B.would come C.came D.will come36t is about time youthe medicine,sir.A

42、.will take B.should take C.must take D.are to take37f there no electricity in the future,our life change a lot.A.will be;will B.is;will C.should be;would D.wouldbe;would38. Without the Communist Party thereNew China.t been a B.is not a C.would be A.hadn no D.was nota39. Therea lot of deer in the for

43、est.A.have B.are C.is D.has40. From spacelike a huge water covered globe（球體）.A.looks the earth B.does look the earthC.the earth looks D.does the earth look 虛擬語氣、倒裝句型答案15 D B D B CC A1620 C A C C AC D3135 B A A C C610 C C A A A21 25 D A D D B3640 B C C B C1115 B D A2630 C B A虛擬語氣專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題(1) . If I you,

44、I would go by plane. Flying is much faster.A. be B. was C. were D. am(2) . I do not think those people are really English. If they were, they speak wish French accents.A. don't B. will not C. mustn't D. wouldn't(3) today, would we be able to get there by Tuesday?A. Were we leavingB. If w

45、e leaveC. Would we leaveD. Were we to leave(4) . If Jone tomorrow, what would you do?A. were not to come B. will not comeC. would not comeD. had not come(5) . “She didn't ask me, so I didn't help her?”“ You mean to say , you would've helped her ?”A. if she asked youB. if she were to ask

46、youC.had she asked you C. were she to ask you(6) . They took the injured straight to the hospital. Otherwise some of them .A. might have died B. might die C. would die D. could die(7) . If they had known him,to him?A. would they have talkedB. would they talkC.had they talked D. they would talk(8) .

47、If I lived in the city, Itraveal in croweded buses, but I tosee lots of films.A. shall have to/shall be able B. shall have to/am ableC. would have to/were ableD. would have to/would beable(9) . I would have gone to the concert, if I time.A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had(10) . I know i

48、t, I would have told you.A. Have B. If C. Had D. Having(11) . your help, I would not have succeeded.A. Because B. Because of C. But D. But for(12) . “What did Mr Smith say about his career?“ Only that if he a millionaire, he would have fewe r worries.A. did not becomeB. had not becomeC. does not bec

49、omeD. has not become(13) . “Why didn't you help him? ”“I would have I didn't have the money.”A. still B. but C. otherwise D. or(14) . “ Who should go to see Li Ying? He is ill today.“ I suggest Wang Hong . ”A. goes B. would go C. go D. went(15) . The housemaster was strict. He requested that

50、 we television on week nights.A. not watchB. must not to watchC. not be watching D. have not watch(16) . I can't speak Japanese, but I do wish I .A. can B. could C. had D. speak(17) . “Are you enjoying your stay here? '“ Yes, very much. I wish I have to leave so soon.”A. won'tB. don'

51、t C. mustn't D. didn't(18) . “What will you do during the summer holidays? “I don't know, but it's about time on something. ”A. I'm deciding B. I'll decide C. I decided D. I'd decided(19) . I'd rather youanything about it for the time being.A. say B. didn't say C. don't say D. not say(20) . “Why do you have to be there at six?The teacher demands that