新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)讀寫教程2-(第三版)-unit-2-課文原文及翻譯(共4頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上TextA課文AThehumanities:Outofdate?人文學(xué)科：過時(shí)了嗎？Whenthegoinggetstough,thetoughtakeaccounting.Whenthejobmarketworsens,manystudentscalculatetheycantmajorinEnglishorhistory.Theyhavetostudysomethingthatbooststheirprospectsoflandingajob.當(dāng)形勢(shì)變得困難時(shí)，強(qiáng)者會(huì)去選學(xué)會(huì)計(jì)。當(dāng)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)惡化時(shí)，許多學(xué)生估算著他們不能再主修英語(yǔ)或歷史。他們得學(xué)一些能改善他們就業(yè)前

2、景的東西。Thedatashowthatasstudentshaveincreasinglyshoulderedtheever-risingcostoftuition,theyhavedefectedfromthestudyofthehumanitiesandtowardappliedscienceandhardskillsthattheybetwillleadtoemployment.Inotherwords,acollegeeducationismoreandmoreseenasameansforeconomicbettermentratherthanameansforhumanbette

3、rment.Thisisatrendthatislikelytopersistandevenaccelerate.數(shù)據(jù)顯示，隨著學(xué)生肩負(fù)的學(xué)費(fèi)不斷增加，他們已從學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)科轉(zhuǎn)向他們相信有益于將來就業(yè)的應(yīng)用科學(xué)和“硬”技能。換言之，大學(xué)教育越來越被看成是改善經(jīng)濟(jì)而不是提升人類自身的手段。這種趨勢(shì)可能會(huì)持續(xù)，甚至有加快之勢(shì)。Overthenextfewyears,aslabormarketsstruggle,thehumanitieswillprobablycontinuetheirlongslideinsuccession.Therealreadyhasbeenanearly50percentd

4、eclineintheportionofliberalartsmajorsoverthepastgeneration,anditislogicaltothinkthatthetrendisboundtocontinueorevenaccelerate.Oncethedominantpillarsofuniversitylife,thehumanitiesnowplaylittleroleswhenstudentstaketheircollegetours.Thesedays,labsaremorevividandcompellingthanlibraries.在未來幾年內(nèi)，由于勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的不景

5、氣，人文學(xué)科可能會(huì)繼續(xù)其長(zhǎng)期低迷的態(tài)勢(shì)。在上一代大學(xué)生中，主修文科的學(xué)生數(shù)跌幅已近 50%。這種趨勢(shì)會(huì)持續(xù)、甚至加速的想法是合情合理的。人文學(xué)科曾是大學(xué)生活的重要支柱，而今在學(xué)生們參觀校園的時(shí)候，卻只是一個(gè)小點(diǎn)綴?，F(xiàn)在，實(shí)驗(yàn)室要比圖書館更栩栩如生、受人青睞。Here,pleaseallowmetostandupforandpromotethetruevaluethatthehumanitiesaddtopeopleslives.在這兒，請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我為人文學(xué)科給人們的生活所增添的真實(shí)價(jià)值進(jìn)行支持和宣傳。Sinceancienttimes,peoplehavespeculatedaboutthemys

6、teryofthoseinnerforcesthatdrivesomepeopletogreatnessandotherstoself-destruction.Thisinnerdrivehasbeencalledmanythingsoverthecenturies.Thefamouspsychologist,SigmundFreud,calledittheunconsciousmindor,morefamiliarly, instinct.自古以來，人們一直在思索人類自身具有什么神奇的內(nèi)力使一些人變得崇高偉大，而使另一些人走向自我毀滅。幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，這股內(nèi)力被稱作很多東西。著名的心理學(xué)家西格

7、蒙德弗洛伊德稱之為“潛意識(shí)”，或更為人熟知的“本能”。Fromthebeginningoftime,thisinneraspectofourbeing,thisdrivethatcanbeconstructiveordestructive,hascapturedourimagination.Thestoriesofthisamazingstrugglehaveformedthebasisofculturestheworldover.Historians,architects,authors,philosophersandartistshavecapturedthewords,imagesand

8、meaningsofthisinnerstruggleintheformofstory,music,myth,painting,architecture,sculpture,landscapeandtraditions.Thesemenandwomendevelopedartisticlanguagesthathelpusunderstandtheseaspirationsandalsoeducategenerations.Thisfertilebodyofworkfromancienttimes,theveryfoundationofcivilization,formsthebasisofs

9、tudyofthehumanities.從一開始，人類這股可以是建設(shè)性也可以是毀滅性的內(nèi)在驅(qū)動(dòng)力，就令我們心馳神往。這些驚人的、充滿內(nèi)心掙扎的故事形成了世界文化的基礎(chǔ)。歷史學(xué)家、建筑師、作家、哲學(xué)家和藝術(shù)家們以故事、音樂、神話、繪畫、建筑、雕刻、風(fēng)景畫和傳統(tǒng)的形式，捕捉到了這些撞擊心靈的文字、形象及內(nèi)涵。這些男男女女創(chuàng)造出了具有藝術(shù)性的“語(yǔ)言”，幫助我們了解人類的這些強(qiáng)烈愿望，并用以教育一代又一代人。從古時(shí)起開始的這些充滿想象的大量作品，正是文明的底蘊(yùn)，它奠定了人文研究的基礎(chǔ)。Studyingthehumanitiesimprovesourabilitytoreadandwrite.Nomat

10、terwhatwedoinlife,wewillhaveahugeadvantageifwecanreadcomplexideasandunderstandtheirmeaning.Wewillhaveabrightcareerifwearethepersonintheofficewhocanwriteaclearandelegantanalysisofthoseideas!學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)科會(huì)提高我們的閱讀和寫作能力。無論我們這一生中從事什么職業(yè)，如果我們能讀懂復(fù)雜的思想并理解它們的內(nèi)涵，我們都會(huì)受益匪淺。如果我們是在辦公室里能對(duì)這些思想寫出既明確又簡(jiǎn)潔的分析的人，我們會(huì)有光明的職業(yè)前景。Stud

11、yingthehumanitiesmakesusfamiliarwiththelanguageofemotionandthecreativeprocess.Inaninformationeconomy,manypeoplehavetheabilitytoproduceausefulproductsuchasanewMP3player.Yet,veryfewpeoplehavetheabilitytocreateaspectacularbrand:theiPod.Mostimportantly,studyingthehumanitiesinvestsuswithgreatinsightandse

12、lf-awareness,therebyreleasingourcreativeenergyandtalentinapositiveandconstructivemanner.學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)科會(huì)讓我們熟悉表達(dá)情感的語(yǔ)言及進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造的過程。在信息經(jīng)濟(jì)中，很多人都有能力創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)如新的MP3 播放器那樣的有用產(chǎn)品。然而，僅有很少的人具有能力創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)如iPod那樣的精彩品牌。最重要的是，學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)科使我們具有偉大的洞察力和自我意識(shí)，從而以積極和建設(shè)性的方式來發(fā)揮我們的創(chuàng)造力和才藝。Perhapsthebestargumentinfavorofthehumanitiesisthescopeofpossib

13、ilitiesthatarewidelyopentous.DidyouknowthatJamesCameron,world-famousdirectorofthemovie,Titanic,graduatedwithadegreeinthehumanities?SodidSallyRide,thefirstwomaninspace.SodidactorsBruceLee,GwynethPaltrow,ReneeZellwegerandMattDamon.Dr.HaroldVarmus,whowonaNobelPrizeforMedicine,studiedthehumanities.EvenM

14、ichaelEisner,ChairmanoftheDisneyCompany,majoredinthehumanities.Famouspeoplewhostudiedthehumanitiesmakealonglistindeed.Itseasytoseethatthehumanitiescanprepareusformanydifferentcareersandjobswecanundertake,whethermedicine,business,scienceorentertainment.也許，支持人文學(xué)科的最好論點(diǎn)是，人文學(xué)科為我們提供了廣闊的機(jī)會(huì)。你知道世界聞名的電影泰坦尼克號(hào)的

15、導(dǎo)演詹姆斯卡梅隆拿的是人文學(xué)科的學(xué)位嗎？第一個(gè)登上太空的女宇航員薩利賴德拿的也是人文學(xué)科的學(xué)位。還有電影演員李小龍、格溫妮絲帕特洛蕾妮齊薇格及馬特達(dá)蒙，也都如此。獲諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的哈羅德瓦慕斯博士也學(xué)過人文學(xué)科。甚至迪士尼公司的總裁邁克爾艾斯納也主修人文學(xué)科。學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)科的有名人士確實(shí)可以列出一長(zhǎng)串。顯而易見，人文學(xué)能為我們從事許多不同的職業(yè)做準(zhǔn)備，不管是醫(yī)學(xué)、商務(wù)、科學(xué)或娛樂。Ifwestudyonlymathematics,itslikelywewillbeacandidateonlyforjobsasamathematician.Ifweincludestudyingthehumaniti

16、es,wecanmakebreakthroughsonmanybarriersandarelimitedonlybyoureffortandimagination.如果我們僅學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)，我們很可能只能申請(qǐng)數(shù)學(xué)家之類的工作。如果我們還學(xué)了人文學(xué)科，那我們就能突破許多障礙，只要我們?cè)敢飧冻雠?，敢于想象。Ofcourse,nowadays,ifwestudythehumanitiesalone,weareliabletomissmanyopportunities.Eachoneofusneedstobecomeastechnicallyandprofessionallyskilledaspossib

17、letohelpmeettheneedsofmodernlife.Infact,increasinglyapairingoftechnicalknowledgeandinnerinsightisseenastheidealintheestablishmentofacareer.IfIweretheDeanofAdmissionsatamedicalschoolandtwopeopleappliedtoourschool,bothhavingtherequiredbasicscientificcourses,oneaphilosophymajorandtheothersolelyapre-med

18、student,thephilosophyapplicantwouldbechosen.當(dāng)然，在當(dāng)下，如果我們單學(xué)人文學(xué)科，可能會(huì)失去很多機(jī)會(huì)。我們每個(gè)人都需要盡可能變得技能化、職業(yè)化，以滿足現(xiàn)代生活的需要。事實(shí)上，技術(shù)知識(shí)和內(nèi)在洞察力的結(jié)合越來越被看成是建立職業(yè)生涯的理想搭配。如果我是某個(gè)醫(yī)學(xué)院的招生部主任，有兩個(gè)人同時(shí)申請(qǐng)我們學(xué)校，這兩個(gè)人都學(xué)過基礎(chǔ)的科學(xué)課程，一個(gè)主修哲學(xué)，另一個(gè)僅是醫(yī)學(xué)院的預(yù)科生，我會(huì)選擇那位哲學(xué)專業(yè)的申請(qǐng)者。Insummary,thehumanitieshelptocreatewell-roundedhumanbeingswithinsightandunderstandingofthepassions,hopesanddreamscommontoallhumanity.Thehumanities,theancienttimelessreservoirofknowledge,teachustoseethingsdifferentlyandbroadenourhorizons.Theyareasusefulandrelevantinourmodernageastheyhavealwaysbeen.Doesntitmakesensetospendsometi