All the criminals got shot in the crossfire - 愛詞霸沙……

1、被動語態(tài)的特殊用法：Man:All the criminals got shot in the crossfire.在交火時罪犯全部被擊中。主詞+get+過去分詞在多數(shù)情況下不接by+受詞Man:Serve them right!報應(yīng)!Man:Your vice has to be paid for.你們的罪行是要付出代價的。帶有不定詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。Man:The man hasnt had his fingernails cut for ten years.這個男人十年沒剪指甲了。have無被動語態(tài)，但可用于“主詞+have(or get)+受詞+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示受詞被，多用于叫人或雇人用

2、某事。Man:This has never been heard of before.以前從未聽說過這種事。動詞+介系詞或動詞+副詞用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，動詞之后的介系詞或副詞不可拆開或丟掉。Man:Your coffee smells great.你的咖啡味道好極了。聯(lián)系動詞如fell,prove,smell,sound,taste等，主詞指事物時，用主動形式表被動意思。Woman:Want to drink?If only you can enter.想喝嗎？只要你能進(jìn)去。Woman:The key is in the room.鑰匙在屋子里面。Woman:The door blew shut.

3、門是被吹得關(guān)上的。可用于主詞+動詞+主詞補(bǔ)語（形容詞或過去分詞）結(jié)構(gòu)的不及物動詞如blow,wear,用主動的形式表被動意義。Woman:I have no key at hand.我手頭上沒鑰匙。Woman:The door wont open.這門打不開了。不及物動詞如lock,move,open,shut等，與cant,wont連用而主詞又指物時，用主動形式表被動意義。Man:I see. It is only a piece of cake.明白了。這還不容易。1.主詞+get+過去分詞在多數(shù)情況下不接by+受詞。2.主詞+have(or get)+受詞+過去分詞表示被，叫人或雇人作某

4、事。3.連系動詞smell,sound,taste等，主詞指事物時，用主動形式表被動意義。被動語態(tài)的使用：Jane:Its no fun standing here.What shall we do next?Suggestions will be heartily appreciatec.站在這兒真沒意思。我們接下來做什么呢？誠懇歡迎的出建議。為使語氣委婉，有意不說出動作appreciate的發(fā)出者時用被動語態(tài)。Jane:Tom,when were you born?湯姆，你是哪年出生的？Tom:I was born in 1979.我出生于1979年。不知道或不必指明動動作bear的發(fā)出者

5、時用被動語態(tài)。Peter:You are two years older than I am. You say first.你比我大兩歲，你先說。Tom:Lets go to the observatory.我們?nèi)ヌ煳酿^吧。Peter:Whats for?為什么？Tom:To learn about the origin of the universe.去了解宇宙的起源。Peter:The origin of the universe will never be explained.宇宙的起源大概永遠(yuǎn)不會有答案。不知道或不必指明動動作explain的發(fā)出者時用被動語態(tài)。Jane:Peter i

6、s right. The plan was canceled.彼得說得有理。這個計劃取消了。要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動cancel的承受者時用被動語態(tài)。Jane:Lets go to see a new movie.我建議大家去看一部新電影。Peter:What is the movie about?電影是有關(guān)什么方面的？Jane:It is about a king who loved his people and was loved by them.是關(guān)于國王愛人民，也為人民所愛的。為了修辭的需要，避免變換主詞或過長的主詞時用被動語態(tài)。Peter:No,no big fun.不好，沒意思。Jane:P

7、eter,do you have any good suggestion?彼得，你有什么好建議嗎？Peter:Yes, lets look at a picture together. The picture was drawn by my cousin.有。咱們一起來看幅畫吧。這幅畫是我表哥畫的。was drawn為be+過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，是被動被語態(tài)句，表動作。Jane:The picture is well drawn.這幅畫畫得很好。Is drawn 為聯(lián)系動詞+主詞被語結(jié)構(gòu)，表主詞特征或狀態(tài)。被動語態(tài)用得不如主動語態(tài)多，但在某些情況下須要用或宜用被動語態(tài)。1、不知道或不必指明動作的發(fā)出者

8、時用被動語態(tài)。2、要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動作的承受者時用被動語態(tài)。3、為了使語氣委婉，有意不說出動作的發(fā)出者地用被動語態(tài)。4、為了修辭的需要，避免變換主詞或過長的主詞時用被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)之時態(tài)：被動語態(tài)的動詞由“be動詞接過去分詞（be+p.p.）”構(gòu)成。過去分詞之前的be動詞的時態(tài)，即表示出被動語態(tài)的動詞的時態(tài)。1、現(xiàn)在式：主詞+am(is,are)+過去分詞+by+受詞。2、過去式：主詞+was(were)+過去分詞+by+受詞。3、未來式：主詞+shall(will)+be+過去分詞+by+受詞。4、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行式：主詞+am(is, are)+being+過去分詞+by +受詞。5、現(xiàn)在完成式：主

9、詞+have(has)+been+過去分詞+by +受詞。Peter:I wasnt invited, I wish I didnt disturb you.過去式我沒有被邀請，希望沒打攪你。Jane:Absolutely not. Excuse the messthe house is being painted.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行式當(dāng)然沒有。對不起這里很亂，房子正在油漆。Peter:What makes you paint the house?怎么想起刷房子來了？Jane:We are going to have a party here.在我家將舉行一個聚會。Jane:Some old frien

10、ds of mine will be inveted by me. 未來式我將邀請幾個老朋友。Peter:This house must have a long history. So it is diffcult to paint.這房子有一定年頭了。刷起來很困難。Jane:The house had been built by my grandfather by 1960.過去完成式1960年我的祖父就已經(jīng)建成房子了。Peter:It is not an easy job.是不太好做。Jane:But everything will have been done by the end of

11、 the week.未來完成式不過最晚到本周底，一切都會搞定的。Peter:House painting is always done by me at home.現(xiàn)在式在家的時候，房子總是我來刷。Peter:I would like to help you if you need.如果需要，我愿意幫助你。Jane:Oh, great. Take this!噢，太好了，拿著！Jane:Ok,lets go. Ill treat you to dinner!好了，走，我請你吃飯。Peter:Oh,that is great!噢，太好了！Jane:Where is the door?門呢？Pete

12、r:Oh, it is terrible!糟糕！Jane:You have painted the door!你把門也刷上漆了！主語變被動語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，主詞變?yōu)榻橄翟~by的受詞，受詞變?yōu)橹髟~，人稱代名詞的格也要變化。Peter, I heard you hit him.(主)Peter, I heard he was hit by you.(被)2、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，句子的時態(tài)保持不變。3、主動語態(tài)中如用people, somebody等作主詞，被動語態(tài)中可省略受詞。Watermelons are eaten in the summer.(被)Jane:Peter,I hea

13、rd he was hit by you.peter, I heard you hit him.彼得，我聽說他被你打了。主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，主詞變?yōu)榻橄翟~by的受詞，受詞變?yōu)橹髟~，人稱代名詞的格也要變化。Peter:I should not be blamed (by you).- You should not blame me.你不該責(zé)怪我。在第一個助動詞后，主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，句子的時態(tài)保持不變。Peter:Tom was hurt by himself.-Tom hurt himself.湯姆自己受的傷。主動語態(tài)的形式為：主動語態(tài)的主詞+be+過去分詞。Peter:Is this c

14、ake for Tom?這是給湯姆的蛋糕嗎？Jane:Yes.是的Peter:How big it is!可真夠大的Jane:What will you give to Tom?你送什么給湯姆？Peter:A toy will be given to Tom (by me).- I will give Tom a toy.Tom will be given a toy (by me).我給湯姆一個玩具。一些與格動詞的被動語態(tài)能有兩種形式。Jane:Please open the door.-Open the door please.(主動)請開門。祈使句的被動語態(tài)形式為：let+受詞+be+過

15、去分詞。Tom:Jane, come in!珍，快進(jìn)來。Tom:A big cake is brought to me (by you).-You brought me a big cake.(主)你帶給我一個大蛋糕。主動句中動詞bring的直接受詞a big cake作被動句中的主詞。與格的動詞如write,make,bring等的被動語態(tài)只能以直接受詞作主詞。Jane:How do you know I bring a cake to you.你怎么知道我給你帶了一個蛋糕呢？Tom:You were heard to talk with Peter.-I heard you talk wit