如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港課件

1、如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥SCI論文？論文？ How to Write a Good SCI Paper on Medical & Pharmaceutical Research? Shi Zhixiang 如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港報(bào)告人簡(jiǎn)介 BA/MA，國(guó)際會(huì)議同聲翻譯；中國(guó)藥科大學(xué)國(guó)際交流合作處副處長(zhǎng)、港澳臺(tái)事務(wù)辦公室副主任；中國(guó)藥科大學(xué)藥學(xué)英語(yǔ)教研室主任；國(guó)家規(guī)劃教材藥學(xué)英語(yǔ)（人民衛(wèi)生出版社）主編、十二五規(guī)劃教材分析化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)（雙語(yǔ)，科學(xué)出版社）主編；中國(guó)藥科大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)編委、全英文國(guó)際SCI藥學(xué)期刊Chinese Jour

2、nal of Natural Medicines (中國(guó)天然藥物)英文主審。多年來(lái)，主持中國(guó)藥大“英語(yǔ)口譯”（含同聲翻譯）精品課程，負(fù)責(zé)中國(guó)藥科大學(xué)博士生How to Write in English for Publication in SCI-Indexed Pharmaceutical Journals（“藥學(xué)SCI論文英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作”）課程教學(xué)。 如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港 Professor of English and simultaneous interpreter for international academic conferences, is the Dire

3、ctor of the Department of Pharmaceutical English, the Deputy Director of the Office of International Exchange & Cooperation and the Deputy Director of the Office of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Affairs of CPU. He is chief compiler of Chinas top-level and nationwide textbooks of Pharmaceutical Eng

4、lish (Peoples Medical Publishing House, 2011) and Analytical Chemistry Experiments (a bilingual laboratory workbook, Science Press, 2012), member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of China Pharmaceutical University and the chief English language reviewer for SCI-indexed Chinese Journal of Nation

5、al Medicines,. As a teacher, Prof. Shi has been working at China Pharmaceutical University with both the undergraduate students of Pharmaceutical English in the key course of “General & Simultaneous Conference Interpreting” and the PhD candidates of Pharmaceutical Sciences in the leading course

6、of “Writing in English for Publication in SCI-Indexed Pharmaceutical Journals”. 如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港SCI收錄醫(yī)學(xué)相關(guān)學(xué)科（一） Allergy (過(guò)敏癥) Anatomy & Morphology（解剖與形態(tài)學(xué)） Andrology（男科學(xué)） Anesthesiology（麻醉學(xué)） Behavioral Sciences（行為科學(xué)） Biochemical Research Methods（生物化學(xué)研究） Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems(心

7、臟與心血管系統(tǒng)) Cell & Tissue Engineering（細(xì)胞與組織工程） Chemistry, Medicinal（醫(yī)學(xué)化學(xué)） Clinical Neurology（臨床神經(jīng)病學(xué)） Critical Care Medicine（急救醫(yī)學(xué)） Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine（牙醫(yī)學(xué)，口腔外科與內(nèi)科） Dermatology （皮膚病學(xué)） Emergency Medicine （急診醫(yī)學(xué)） Endocrinology & Metabolism（內(nèi)分泌與新陳代謝） Engineering, Biomedical（生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程）

8、 Gastroenterology & Hepatology（胃腸病學(xué)與肝臟學(xué)） Genetics & Heredity（遺傳） Geriatrics & Gerontology（老年病學(xué)與老年醫(yī)學(xué)） Health Care Sciences & Services（衛(wèi)生保健科學(xué)與服務(wù)） Hematology（血液學(xué)）4如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港SCI收錄醫(yī)學(xué)相關(guān)學(xué)科（二） Immunology（免疫學(xué)） Infectious Diseases（傳染病學(xué)） Integrative & Complementary Medicine（綜合與補(bǔ)

9、充醫(yī)學(xué)） Medical Ethics（醫(yī)學(xué)倫理學(xué)） Medical Informatics（醫(yī)學(xué)信息學(xué)） Medical Laboratory Technology（醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究技術(shù)） Medicine, General & Internal（內(nèi)科） Medicine, Legal（法醫(yī)學(xué)） Medicine, Research & Experimental（醫(yī)學(xué)研究與實(shí)驗(yàn)） Microbiology（微生物學(xué)） Microscopy（顯微鏡學(xué)） Mycology（真菌學(xué)） Neuroimaging（神經(jīng)影像學(xué)） Neurosciences（神經(jīng)科學(xué)） Nursing（護(hù)理）

10、 Nutrition & Dietetics（營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)） Obstetrics & Gynecology（婦產(chǎn)科學(xué)） Oncology（腫瘤學(xué)） Ophthalmology（眼科學(xué)） Orthopedics（整形外科） Otorhinolaryngology（耳鼻喉） Parasitology（寄生蟲(chóng)學(xué)） Pathology（病理學(xué)） Pediatrics（小兒科） Peripheral Vascular Disease（周圍性血管疾病）5如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港SCI收錄醫(yī)學(xué)相關(guān)學(xué)科（三） Pharmacology & Pharmacy（藥理學(xué)） P

11、hysiology（生理學(xué)） Psychiatry（精神病學(xué)） Psychology（心理學(xué)） Public, Environmental & Occupational Health（職業(yè)保?。?Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging（放射學(xué)、核醫(yī)學(xué)與醫(yī)學(xué)影像） Rehabilitation（康復(fù)科學(xué)） Reproductive Biology（生殖生物學(xué)、再生生物學(xué)） Respiratory System（呼吸系統(tǒng)） Rheumatology （風(fēng)濕病學(xué)） Sport Sciences（運(yùn)動(dòng)科學(xué)） Substance Abu

12、se（物質(zhì)濫用、藥物濫用） Surgery（外科學(xué)） Toxicology（毒理學(xué)） Transplantation（移植） Tropical Medicine（熱帶醫(yī)學(xué)） Urology & Nephrology（泌尿與腎臟） Virology（病毒學(xué)）6如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港醫(yī)藥學(xué)論文英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中的語(yǔ)言問(wèn)題How to Write a Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Paper in Good English?如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港加拿大惡性腫瘤預(yù)防控制概況 據(jù)估計(jì),2011年加拿大新發(fā)惡性腫瘤病例約

13、17.8萬(wàn)例,7.5萬(wàn)人死于惡性腫瘤,居加拿大死因首位。加拿大男性惡性腫瘤發(fā)病率近二十年來(lái)有所下降,肺癌發(fā)病率下降趨勢(shì)較為明顯,煙草控制效果開(kāi)始顯現(xiàn);女性惡性腫瘤發(fā)病率則呈緩慢上升趨勢(shì),主要與女性肺癌、甲狀腺癌和非霍奇金淋巴瘤的發(fā)病率上升有關(guān)。加拿大男性惡性腫瘤死亡率呈現(xiàn)逐步下降趨勢(shì),早期篩查和治療水平的提高是主要原因,女性惡性腫瘤死亡率基本保持穩(wěn)定。加拿大癌癥控制計(jì)劃（Canadian Strategy for Cancer Control, CSCC）為腫瘤防控機(jī)構(gòu)和組織建立了紐帶,通過(guò)各地區(qū)和組織的協(xié)調(diào)行動(dòng),使得腫瘤防控更加高效,促進(jìn)了加拿大的腫瘤防控工作。如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥

14、0104連云港Cancer Prevention and Control in Canada An estimated 178 000 new cases and 75 000 deaths of cancer are expected in Canada in 2011. Cancer is the leading cause of death in Canada. Among males, the overall cancer incidence rate declined over the past twenty years, especially in lung cancer, whi

15、ch reflects the effect of tobacco control. Among females, the overall cancer incidence rate has been increasing slowly because of increases in incidence rates for lung cancer, thyroid cancer and non-Hodgkins lymphoma. The cancer mortality rate in males has been declining slowly because of early scre

16、ening and improved treatment, while the mortality rate has remained relatively stable in females. Canadian Strategy for Cancer Control（CSCC） established a bridge among cancer stakeholders. The CSCC has encouraged the cancer control community in Canada work together to take into action. This efficien

17、t and resource-saved approach will accelerate the ability of advancing and sustaining the cancer control in Canada.如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港語(yǔ)言的規(guī)范: Writing in Better English An estimated 178 000 new cases and 75 000 deaths of cancer are expected in Canada in 2011. Cancer is the leading cause of death in

18、 Canada. 改成：An estimated 178,000 new cases and 75,000 deaths of cancer are expected in Canada in 2011, with cancer being the leading cause of death in the country. 如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港語(yǔ)言的規(guī)范: Writing in Better English Among males, the overall cancer incidence rate declined over the past twenty year

19、s, especially in lung cancer, which reflects the effect of tobacco control. Among females, the overall cancer incidence rate has been increasing slowly because of increases in incidence rates for lung cancer, thyroid cancer and non-Hodgkins lymphoma. 改成：The overall rate of cancer incidence for males

20、 declined over the past two decades, especially in lung cancer, due to the effort of tobacco control; yet for females, it has been increasing slowly because of the higher incidence rates for lung cancer, thyroid cancer and non-Hodgkins lymphoma. 如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港語(yǔ)言的規(guī)范: Writing in Better English

21、 The cancer mortality rate in males has been declining slowly because of early screening and improved treatment, while the mortality rate has remained relatively stable in females. 改成：The cancer mortality rate for males has been declining slowly thanks to early screening and improved treatment, whil

22、e that for females has remained relatively unchanged. 如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港語(yǔ)言的規(guī)范: Writing in Better English Canadian Strategy for Cancer Control（CSCC） established a bridge among cancer stakeholders. The CSCC has encouraged the cancer control community in Canada work together to take into action. Th

23、is efficient and resource-saved approach will accelerate the ability of advancing and sustaining the cancer control in Canada.改成：A bridge among cancer stakeholders has been established by CSCC, the Canadian Strategy for Cancer Control, which has been calling for more joint efforts from different org

24、anizations in the cancer control community to take more effective measures so as to further promote the prevention and control of cancers in Canada. 如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港SCISCI論文類型論文類型u Research Articleu Letter (Report, Short Article, Communication)u Review (Perspective, Comment, Viewpoint)u Editor

25、ialu Case Reportu Correspondence (To editor, Letter)如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港SCI論文的分類 實(shí)驗(yàn)性論文 1引言 2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法 3 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果（數(shù)據(jù)） 4 對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的分析 5 結(jié)論 如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港SCI論文的分類 報(bào)道性論文 （報(bào)道某一項(xiàng)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)不是通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)、而是通過(guò)野外調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)的） 1引言 2 研究區(qū)概況 3 對(duì)所發(fā)現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象的敘述 4 解釋 5 科學(xué)意義 6.結(jié)論 如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港SCI論文的分類 理論性論文 （提出一項(xiàng)理論或計(jì)算方法） 1引言 2 理論

26、的提出（推導(dǎo)、證明） 3 理論的驗(yàn)證（如理論模型的率定） 4 理論的應(yīng)用（算例，或應(yīng)用意義） 5 結(jié)論 如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港SCI論文的分類 綜述性論文 綜述某一領(lǐng)域中的最新進(jìn)展，應(yīng)該有述有評(píng)，而不只是前人工作的羅列； 要有綜述者自己的觀點(diǎn)和對(duì)他人工作的評(píng)價(jià)，指出不足之處和解決問(wèn)題的設(shè)想，以及今后的研究方向； 該歸納出幾個(gè)熱點(diǎn)或前沿問(wèn)題，展開(kāi)敘述，不要像記流水帳似的，面面俱到； 既要大量占有文獻(xiàn)，又要有所取舍，突出精華，要對(duì)文獻(xiàn)仔細(xì)消化之后再動(dòng)筆，切忌機(jī)械羅列。 要有對(duì)未來(lái)發(fā)展的展望，對(duì)他人的研究起到指導(dǎo)作用； 盡量引用最新的工作，體現(xiàn)出時(shí)效性； 盡可能閱讀原始文獻(xiàn) 如

27、何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港科技論文的結(jié)構(gòu)科技論文的結(jié)構(gòu)n 論文題名n 作者姓名+通訊地址n 摘要+關(guān)鍵詞n 引言n 材料與方法n 結(jié)果n 討論與結(jié)論n 致謝n 參考文獻(xiàn)學(xué)位論文的結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)位論文的結(jié)構(gòu)n 論文題名論文題名n 摘要摘要n 致謝致謝n 目錄目錄n 引言引言n 文獻(xiàn)綜述文獻(xiàn)綜述n 方法方法n 結(jié)果結(jié)果n 討論討論n 結(jié)論結(jié)論n 參考文獻(xiàn)參考文獻(xiàn)如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港語(yǔ)言的規(guī)范: Writing in Better English Writing in Correct English First Step to Take Writing in a Pr

28、ofessional Manner Easier Said than Done Titles Brief yet to the Point Abstract Easy Way to Success Introduction Well Begun is Half Done Materials and Methods Where to Start Results and Discussion Writing with Cautiousness Conclusion Always Important Acknowledgements Always Indispensable Letters of C

29、ommunication with the Journal Paving the Way towards Publication Practice through Error-Correction Making Progress Progressively如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港論文主體構(gòu)思論文主體構(gòu)思n Materials and methodsn Resultsn Introductionn DiscussionWhy？How？What？Interpretation如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港IntroductionIntroduction撰寫(xiě)撰寫(xiě)u 圍

30、繞圍繞WHY展開(kāi)（展開(kāi)（有邏輯性，證據(jù)、解讀相結(jié)合！有邏輯性，證據(jù)、解讀相結(jié)合?。﹗ 研究背景（研究背景（疾病特性、重要性、本研究關(guān)鍵相關(guān)點(diǎn)疾病特性、重要性、本研究關(guān)鍵相關(guān)點(diǎn)）u 研究進(jìn)展（研究進(jìn)展（最新的、重要的科學(xué)、技術(shù)進(jìn)展，科學(xué)問(wèn)最新的、重要的科學(xué)、技術(shù)進(jìn)展，科學(xué)問(wèn)題，注重挑選、切記保羅萬(wàn)象！題，注重挑選、切記保羅萬(wàn)象！）u 研究假設(shè)（研究假設(shè)（相對(duì)具體相對(duì)具體）、擬解決方案（）、擬解決方案（簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明）如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港IntroductionIntroduction撰寫(xiě)撰寫(xiě)Papers of all kinds include an introduct

31、ion. Generally speaking, the introduction concisely describes the purpose of the investigation and should tell the reader(s) why this work was done. You should briefly review past research on the problem with enough background information to orient the reader (this is usually accomplished by a liter

32、ature search of published materials). A good introduction first summarizes the most important current knowledge in the area. The background information included must be appropriately referenced. You might first discuss the general problem or theory pertaining to the problem you are studying, and the

33、n discuss the topic more specifically to the group, species, or specific area you are researching. You should conclude the introduction with a statement of the problem (the hypothesis) you have investigated. State the specific question(s) you are attempting to answer, the general method used, and ho

34、w your investigation will help clarify or expand the knowledge in the general area. One function of the introduction is to briefly tell the reader what to expect in the paper. As a writer, one of your main purposes in writing this part of the paper is to interest the readers about the subject of you

35、r current work. By the way, try to avoid jargons and abbreviations in this section of the paper.Mostly, it is easier to write the introduction after completing the rest of the paper. 如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港引言適度鋪陳研究的相關(guān)背景知識(shí)作為正文的開(kāi)篇，引言的質(zhì)量決定了讀者對(duì)論文的第一印象，因此，在引言中如何表達(dá)作者的研究背景和目的，并引起讀者的閱讀興趣就顯得非常重要，即簡(jiǎn)潔而清楚地解釋：為什么

36、要選這個(gè)論題？這個(gè)論題為什么重要?目的是引導(dǎo)讀者進(jìn)入論文的主題。引言是說(shuō)明論文的寫(xiě)作背景、理由、主要研究成果及其與前人工作的關(guān)系。基本內(nèi)容應(yīng)該包括研究背景、存在問(wèn)題、和研究目的等三個(gè)方面。如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港引言引言包含四個(gè)元素，或者說(shuō)四個(gè)組成部分。 1，研究領(lǐng)域。是與本研究工作的有關(guān)的背景介紹。正確地估計(jì)研究課題的意義。應(yīng)用背景。也就是為什么要做這項(xiàng)工作。例如在基礎(chǔ)研究方面有何新意，有何應(yīng)用前景。課題的意義估計(jì)不足，說(shuō)明作者的知識(shí)水平不高，估計(jì)過(guò)分則顯得不夠嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。 2，前人工作。是詳盡，全面地介紹以前的相關(guān)工作。我們必須充分地闡述前人包括作者自己已經(jīng)做過(guò)的相關(guān)工作，以

37、及和本論文的聯(lián)系。這一點(diǎn)需要引起特別的重視。有人以為講很多其他人的工作并引用許多文獻(xiàn)會(huì)降低本論文的重要性，原創(chuàng)性。實(shí)際效果常常相反。沒(méi)有充分闡述研究工作的背景，不引用與本論文相關(guān)的重要文獻(xiàn)，審稿人至少會(huì)認(rèn)為作者閱讀文獻(xiàn)不夠。如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港引言 3，問(wèn)題所在。指出在相關(guān)領(lǐng)域尚待研究的，也是本文準(zhǔn)備涉及的問(wèn)題。但是不要過(guò)分地批評(píng)他人的工作。 4, 本文貢獻(xiàn)。在引言部分要將本論文的要點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)潔明了地用一，二句話點(diǎn)出來(lái)，以便讀者在讀論文主體前已經(jīng)有一個(gè)大概的印象，這篇論文將圍繞什么主題來(lái)討論。一篇論文值得發(fā)表，一定具有新的結(jié)果。一定是具有和任何前人所作工作不同的地方。最后，我

38、們必須強(qiáng)調(diào)，引言一定要用自己的話來(lái)寫(xiě)，而不是將人家論文中的引言部分照抄一遍。 如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港Materials and MethodsMaterials and Methods撰寫(xiě)撰寫(xiě)圍繞如何回答所提圍繞如何回答所提科學(xué)問(wèn)題科學(xué)問(wèn)題或檢驗(yàn)或檢驗(yàn)研究假設(shè)研究假設(shè)展開(kāi)展開(kāi)u 研究設(shè)計(jì)研究設(shè)計(jì)（病例（病例-對(duì)照、隊(duì)列、臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)；前瞻、回顧）對(duì)照、隊(duì)列、臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)；前瞻、回顧）u 研究對(duì)象研究對(duì)象（來(lái)源、納入排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、樣本量）（來(lái)源、納入排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、樣本量）u 研究方法研究方法（資料收集、樣本采集、檢測(cè)方法、質(zhì)控手段）（資料收集、樣本采集、檢測(cè)方法、質(zhì)控手段）u 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析統(tǒng)計(jì)

39、分析（變量定義、指標(biāo)計(jì)算、統(tǒng)計(jì)方法、分析工具）（變量定義、指標(biāo)計(jì)算、統(tǒng)計(jì)方法、分析工具）技巧：技巧：可采用亞標(biāo)題、引用文獻(xiàn)、過(guò)去式描述可采用亞標(biāo)題、引用文獻(xiàn)、過(guò)去式描述如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港Not all types of papers include a Materials and Methods section. For example, research-oriented reviews, book-recommending reviews or conference reports do not include detailed descriptions of m

40、ethods because such reviews usually do not involve the conduction of experiments.Generally speaking, through this part of the paper, the authors attempt to provide the readers with sufficient amount of details of the experiment so that the lab work can be repeated. With regard to the materials, thei

41、r sources and purities (for chemicals and reagents) with much precision must be defined; plants, animals, microorganisms and cell lines must be specified; isolation, extraction, identification and purification procedures should be described and ethical protocols for both animal and human research mu

42、st be followed. Methods should be described in detail if it is uncommon or unknown to the readers, be outlined briefly with a reference if a particular method is well-described elsewhere, yet be only referred to if it has been well-established. Statistical methods in the analysis of data should be s

43、tated clearly without lengthy descriptions except when necessary. Write the Methods section in the past tense. It should not be written as if it were directions in a laboratory manual; therefore, do not make a list of materials or give instructions on how to do something.Materials and Methods撰寫(xiě)撰寫(xiě)如何撰

44、寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港ResultsResults撰寫(xiě)撰寫(xiě)圍繞所開(kāi)展研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)果（圖、表）展開(kāi)圍繞所開(kāi)展研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)果（圖、表）展開(kāi)u 中心思想：中心思想：回答科學(xué)問(wèn)題或可研假說(shuō)回答科學(xué)問(wèn)題或可研假說(shuō)u 展開(kāi)順序：展開(kāi)順序：邏輯順序、時(shí)間順序、主次順序邏輯順序、時(shí)間順序、主次順序u 展開(kāi)方式：展開(kāi)方式：簡(jiǎn)明扼要、循序漸進(jìn)、前后銜接、段落明確簡(jiǎn)明扼要、循序漸進(jìn)、前后銜接、段落明確u 結(jié)果與方法相對(duì)應(yīng)：結(jié)果與方法相對(duì)應(yīng)：樣本量、重要指標(biāo)、統(tǒng)計(jì)量（樣本量、重要指標(biāo)、統(tǒng)計(jì)量（P）u 圖表相結(jié)合：圖表相結(jié)合：前后一致，重點(diǎn)介紹、相應(yīng)補(bǔ)充前后一致，重點(diǎn)介紹、相應(yīng)補(bǔ)充技巧：技巧：可用亞標(biāo)題

45、、過(guò)去式、主動(dòng)式（可用亞標(biāo)題、過(guò)去式、主動(dòng)式（We）為主、不）為主、不引用文獻(xiàn)、客觀描述、不實(shí)施討論引用文獻(xiàn)、客觀描述、不實(shí)施討論如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港Results撰寫(xiě)撰寫(xiě)In this section, you present the data in a straightforward manner with no analysis of the reasons the results occurred or the biological meaning of the data (these comments are reserved for the Discussi

46、on). However, you should interpret the data (preferably statistically), highlight significant data and point out patterns, correlations, and generalizations that emerge. Also write this section using the past tense.Data are generally organized into tables and/or figures (graphs). Tables and figures

47、must be accompanied by a caption and be referred to in the text. A Results section that includes only a table or a figure and no text is not acceptable. Unreduced, unsummarized, or “raw” data should not be included. The text describes the results presented in tables and figures, calling attention to

48、 significant data discussed later in the report. Do not repeat what is already clear to the reader from reviewing the tables and figures, which, if well constructed, will show both the results and experimental design.Summarize data in a form that allows the reader to easily see any correlations, rel

49、ationships, or patterns that are important. Typical forms for doing this are tables and figures. Tables are made when it is important that specific values are shown (i.e. means, standard deviations, etc.). Figures are made when it is more important to show trends or relationships of data. Certain re

50、quirements, however, must be met:如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港DiscussionDiscussion撰寫(xiě)撰寫(xiě)圍繞研究結(jié)果展開(kāi)圍繞研究結(jié)果展開(kāi)u 結(jié)果解讀：結(jié)果解讀：歸納總結(jié)、旁征博引、演繹推斷歸納總結(jié)、旁征博引、演繹推斷u 闡明意義：闡明意義：解決何種問(wèn)題、有何挑戰(zhàn)解決何種問(wèn)題、有何挑戰(zhàn)u 批判推廣：批判推廣：研究局限性、偏倚，研究結(jié)果可靠及推廣程研究局限性、偏倚，研究結(jié)果可靠及推廣程度、下一步研究方向度、下一步研究方向u 謹(jǐn)慎作結(jié)：謹(jǐn)慎作結(jié)：針對(duì)結(jié)果、不拓展、不推斷，與前文一致！針對(duì)結(jié)果、不拓展、不推斷，與前文一致！技巧：閱讀文獻(xiàn)技巧：閱讀文

51、獻(xiàn)如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港Discussion撰寫(xiě)撰寫(xiě) Through this section, you intend to explain the meaning of the results, giving particular attention to the problem or hypothesis posed in the Introduction. You should address physical, chemical, and biological factors that may have affected the results. The way

52、the results came out may be advantageous or disadvantageous to the biological system being considered (e.g., cell, organism) and you should discuss this. To do this competently, you should be familiar with appropriate literature including books and journal articles. Compare the results to the backgr

53、ound information and, in doing so, construct explanations why the results occurred. You should also explain differences from or similarities to any related experiments completed by other workers. In constructing explanations, you reach the conclusions that explain the outcome, and you support those

54、conclusions with well reasoned arguments, and documentation from the scientific literature. In effect, you are presenting and defending a point of view in the section.如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港AbstractAbstract撰寫(xiě)撰寫(xiě)圍繞全文主體部分展開(kāi)圍繞全文主體部分展開(kāi)u 全文精華縮略版全文精華縮略版u BackgroundBackground：來(lái)自來(lái)自Introduction，背景，背景+問(wèn)題（問(wèn)題（1-2

55、句）句）u MethodsMethods：設(shè)計(jì)、對(duì)象、方法、指標(biāo)和統(tǒng)計(jì)方法設(shè)計(jì)、對(duì)象、方法、指標(biāo)和統(tǒng)計(jì)方法u ResultsResults：支持或不支持研究假設(shè)的主要發(fā)現(xiàn)、數(shù)據(jù)支持或不支持研究假設(shè)的主要發(fā)現(xiàn)、數(shù)據(jù)u Conclusions:Conclusions:來(lái)自來(lái)自Discussion保持保持250字以內(nèi)，注意語(yǔ)句整合和變換！字以內(nèi)，注意語(yǔ)句整合和變換！如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港摘要質(zhì)量的好壞會(huì)對(duì)編輯的決定產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈影響 好的摘要?jiǎng)?wù)必：-準(zhǔn)確、真實(shí)-可獨(dú)立成篇-不使用專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)-簡(jiǎn)短又具體-被引用參考文獻(xiàn)摘要是推銷您的論文的閃亮名片如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云

56、港Abstract撰寫(xiě)撰寫(xiě)Abstracts are required in virtually all scientific papers. To some extent, the abstract is the miniature version of the whole paper, allowing the readers to quickly examine the content of a paper. The abstract, together with the title, may be the only parts of the paper to be read by ot

57、hers. Besides, the abstract, in whole or in part, is used by most abstracting services or databases. In some sense, writing a good abstract is an easy way towards finishing a well-written paper in English. (If you attend a scientific conference, the abstract you submitted will also be read in the se

58、lection of public presentations, so the abstract you submit may also show your competitiveness.)Generally, write your abstract after the rest of the paper is completed. After all, how can you summarize something that is not yet written? Economy of words is important throughout any paper, especially

59、in an abstract. However, use complete sentences and do not sacrifice readability for brevity. You can keep it concise by wording sentences so that they serve more than one purpose. For most scientific writings, the abstracts should include details about the content of the paper (informative abstract

60、s). These abstracts may contain about 250 to 500 words; however, they should outline the basic contents of the paper: objectives, materials, methods, results or major findings and conclusion(s), which may form a kind of template for the authors to follow.如何撰寫(xiě)醫(yī)藥學(xué)SCI論文史志祥0104連云港Title PageTitle Pageu 標(biāo)題（標(biāo)題（TitleTitle）：）：簡(jiǎn)明、準(zhǔn)確、清晰，有吸引力！簡(jiǎn)明、準(zhǔn)確、清晰，有吸引力！12320字以內(nèi)，字以內(nèi)，200字母以內(nèi)，可用副標(biāo)題字母以