初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)講解

1、初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)講解一、語(yǔ)態(tài)概述語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式,表示句子之中主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系.英語(yǔ)有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者或執(zhí)行者eg： Manypeople speak Chinese.謂語(yǔ)：speak 的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ) many people來(lái)執(zhí)行的.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象.eg： Chinese is spoken by manypeople.主語(yǔ)English是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者.二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成.人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過(guò)be的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否認(rèn)式和疑問(wèn)式均由助動(dòng)

2、詞或第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成.各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：anis / are +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Eg： I'm asked to take care of myself.Football is played all over the world2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：wawere +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Eg： This house was built in 1958.His leg was broken in an accident.3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will /shall be +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Eg： More factories will be built in our ci

3、ty.He will be taken to hospital tomorrow.4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：anis / are being +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞.Eg： A road is being built around the mountain.Many new houses are being built in this city5. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were being +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Eg： The meeting was being held when I was there.We were being trained this time last year.6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

4、：have/ has been +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Eg： His book has been translated into many foreign languages.The prices of many goods have been cut again .7. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had been +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Eg： A new school had been set up by the end of last year.8. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Eg： The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over

5、there.三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的根本用法一般來(lái)說(shuō),在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪?能用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)候就盡量不去用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).只有在以下情況中我們才用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：1. 不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí).一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了eg： 1).Some new computers were stolen last night.2.This bridge was founded in 1981.這帝稀竣了 亍 1981 年.3.The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday.昨天, 教室的前窗被打2. 沒(méi)不要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí).Eg:1.The time-table has

6、 been changed .時(shí)間表已變動(dòng)了2.China was founded in 1949.3. 不愿意說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,其目的是為了使語(yǔ)言得體、圓滑等.在這種情況下,有時(shí)常用一些句式,如"It is said that 據(jù)說(shuō) ,"It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道 ,It is well knownthat 眾所周知It is supposed that 據(jù)推測(cè)說(shuō),It is believed that -大家相信,It is hoped that 大家希望,It is thought that 大家認(rèn)為,It is suggested that -

7、據(jù)建議等等. eg:1.It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner.據(jù)說(shuō)她要嫁給一個(gè)外國(guó)人.2.It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.= The boy issaid to have passed the national exam.4. 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者,而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者.Eg:1.The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是邁克打破的.2.his book was written by him.這本書(shū)是他寫(xiě)的.3 .Your

8、homework must be finished on time.你們的家庭作業(yè)必須及時(shí)完成.注：使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況口訣：動(dòng)作誰(shuí)做的不知道,誰(shuí)說(shuō)出的不必要.接受動(dòng)作需強(qiáng)調(diào),用被動(dòng) 語(yǔ)態(tài)最為妙.四、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法：1. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ).2. 把謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)be+過(guò)去分詞根據(jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子里的主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù),以及原來(lái)主動(dòng) 語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定 be的形式.3. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞 by之后作賓語(yǔ),將主格改為賓格.He plant trees in sping .Trees are planted in sping by him .主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)口

9、訣：賓語(yǔ)提前主語(yǔ)變,原主變賓by后見(jiàn),時(shí)態(tài)人稱(chēng)be關(guān)鍵.All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree. A tree was cut down by him.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中“ by+賓語(yǔ)的省略：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句式中的“ by+賓語(yǔ)表小及物動(dòng)詞所表小動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,但是在遇到以下情況時(shí),表小 動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者“ by+賓語(yǔ)常常被省略.1. 動(dòng)作

10、執(zhí)行者不確定時(shí)Eg:1.Paper is made from wood .2. Many people are killed in traffic accidents every day .2. 不必說(shuō)明動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者時(shí)Eg： 1.English is also spoken as the second language as well as one of the official languages .2. Football is played in most school .3. 動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者為一般群眾時(shí).Eg:1.Both English and Spanish are spoken in t

11、his area .2. He is made the monitor of the class today .五. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：談?wù)剮追N特殊的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)1. 當(dāng)句子結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)唯一賓語(yǔ)時(shí),把賓語(yǔ)提到句首做主語(yǔ),然后把謂語(yǔ)改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式,最后把原主語(yǔ)變?yōu)橘e格至丁介詞by之后.實(shí)際運(yùn)用中by短語(yǔ)常被省略.Eg： 1.We finish our homework in the evening .2.Our homework is finished in the evening .2. 當(dāng)句子結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)表示人的+直接賓語(yǔ)表示物的時(shí),一般把間接賓語(yǔ)

12、 變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ),而直接賓語(yǔ)不變,這樣句子顯得自然些.如果把直接賓語(yǔ)作為主語(yǔ),那么在間接賓語(yǔ) 前應(yīng)加介詞to或for.Eg:1.She sent me a novel on my birthday.主動(dòng)I was sent a novel on my birthday. 被動(dòng)A novel was sent to me on my birthday.被動(dòng)2. My brother bought me a watch yesterday. 主動(dòng)I was bought a watch yesterday.被動(dòng)A watch was bought for me by my brother yesterd

13、ay.被動(dòng)注意：1.間接賓語(yǔ)前需要加for的動(dòng)詞,buy ,sing ,catch ,find ,get,drow ,cook ,keep ,make, offer 等.2.間接賓語(yǔ)前需要加to的動(dòng)詞,bring ,give ,pass ,hand ,leave ,show ,write ,take ,teach ,tell ,thow ,lend,send ,return3. 當(dāng)句子結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)把主動(dòng)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí),只需將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子的主語(yǔ),而原句里的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在就變成被動(dòng)態(tài)句子的"主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)"了eg： 1.They asked

14、 me to help them. I was asked to help them.2. Now people can use computers to help them .comouter can be used to help them .3. We must keep the room clean . The room must be kept clean .4. We saw them coming over. They were seen coming over.如果復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)是由“賓語(yǔ)+不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),動(dòng)詞不定式前的to要補(bǔ)出來(lái).常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有： 一感

15、feel ,二聽(tīng)hear, listen to 三讓let ,make ,have 四看watch ,see ,notice ,observe,+look at但動(dòng)詞為 let 時(shí),to 仍可省略.Eg:1.The story made us laugh . We were made to laugh by the story.2.The teacher let the little boy go home .The little boy was let to go home .4. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成,原來(lái)帶to的情

16、態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后“to仍要保存.Eg： We can repair this watch in two days.tThis watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once. It should be done at once. The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.5. 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：一般說(shuō)來(lái),只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),但許多“不及物動(dòng)詞+副詞或介詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,相當(dāng)丁及物動(dòng)詞,也可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),但變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后,不可把介詞或副詞漏掉.Eg： 1.

17、He turned on the radio just now. The radio was turned on just now .2. They take good care of the babies . The babies are taken care of.3. The look after the babies . The babies are looked after .6. 含有賓語(yǔ)從句的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),有兩種改寫(xiě)方法：1.用it做被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)從句保持不變.精品資料歡迎下載2) .將主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)志的主語(yǔ),從而的謂語(yǔ)局部變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ?這時(shí)

18、的動(dòng) 詞不定式所用的形式要與原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句保持一致.Eg： They say that our teacher is busy these days .It is said that our teacher is busy these days.Our teacher is said to be busy these days.7. 如果原句賓語(yǔ)有后置定語(yǔ)修飾,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),應(yīng)把后置修飾語(yǔ)隨同賓語(yǔ)一同提前.Eg： we clean the windows of our classroom every day .The windows of our classroom are cleaned

19、every day.8. 如果原句主語(yǔ)不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,而是所使用的物質(zhì)材料,變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要用介詞with. Eg：smoke filled the room. The room was filled with smoke .9. by短語(yǔ)的取舍：1) .當(dāng)主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)是people ,one ,we ,they 等泛指性動(dòng)詞時(shí),變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后,by短語(yǔ)通Eg： we often speak English in our English class.English is often spoken (by us ) in our English class2) .當(dāng)主動(dòng)句中是who , wha

20、t , which等做主語(yǔ),變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后句首的疑問(wèn)詞在句中的成分由原來(lái)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語(yǔ),應(yīng)注意介詞by不能丟.Eg： who wrote the book ? who was the book written by ?3) .需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行時(shí),by短語(yǔ)不能省略.Eg： uncle wang made the kite . The kite was made by uncle wang .六. 可與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)連用的介詞在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子中,常用介詞by引出動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,實(shí)際上同被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)連用的介詞除by以外還有很多.1. 表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作是為誰(shuí)或?yàn)楹文康亩l(fā)生的要用介詞for.(be u

21、sed for sth /doing sth被用丁被用丁做)Eg:1.This new bike was bought for you .2.Stamps are used for sending letters .2. 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)出者所使用的工具或強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)用介詞withEg： I.The trees were cut down with a knife .2. The bottle is filled with orange .3. 表示“被作為(發(fā)生)應(yīng)用介詞as (be used as被作為使用)Eg： English is used as a first language in C

22、anada.4. 在be well-known 后應(yīng)用介詞to ,表示“被所熟知Eg： The Great Wall is well-known to everyone in the world .5. 在be made后可用多個(gè)介詞表示不同的意義1) .be made in表示“在某地制造Eg： This Tv set is made in shanghai .2) .be made of 和be made from 都可以表示“由制成的,但be made of強(qiáng)調(diào)從制成品上可以看出原材料,be made from那么表示從制成品上看不出原材料.Eg： I.This table is mad

23、e of wood .2.This kind of paper is made from wood.3) .be made by 由(人)制造的Eg： The cake is made by my mother .4) .be made into表示“被制成. make - into 把制成(主動(dòng)形式)Eg： Glass is often made into glasses .玻璃常被制成玻璃杯.5) .be made after 表示“仿照.制成Eg： This machine is made after theirs .這臺(tái)機(jī)器是仿照他們的機(jī)器制成的.6) .be made up of 表

24、示"由.組成Eg： Our class is made up of fifty students .七. 不可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況1. 當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是表示靜態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)eg： have ,cost ,hold ,know ,fit ,belong to 不可用丁被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).Eg:How long did the meeting last ?2. 當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是look ,become ,get ,turn等連系動(dòng)詞,其后的成分多為形容詞或名詞詞組作表 語(yǔ)時(shí).Eg : he looks fine .3. 賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞,相互代詞或與主語(yǔ)對(duì)應(yīng)的物主代詞修飾的名詞詞組時(shí).Eg： I.They

25、 taught themselves English .2. We should learn each other .4. 賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)或動(dòng)名詞時(shí).Eg： I.The students hope to visit the Great wall .2.He has finished reading the book .5. 賓語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞在意義上為不可分割的固定搭配時(shí).Eg： 1.He caught a bad cold last week.2.You shouldn ' t make faces in class .6. 賓語(yǔ)是表示數(shù)量,長(zhǎng)度,大小,處所或方位的詞時(shí).Eg:1.Th

26、ey reached shanghai early in the next morning .2.He left Beijing by bus yesterday .7. 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是同源賓語(yǔ)時(shí).Eg:Today all of us live a happy life .8. 賓語(yǔ)是行為者人體的某一局部或人體的器官時(shí).Eg: 1.He could hardly believe his eyes .2.Mr Hu shook his head and said nothing .9. 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是某一組織機(jī)構(gòu)或機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體名稱(chēng)時(shí).Eg： The man joined the army in1957.八. 主

27、動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)含義在英語(yǔ)中,主動(dòng)意義用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表小,被動(dòng)意義用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表小.但在以下幾種情況下,被動(dòng)意義卻用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)表示：一. 少數(shù)動(dòng)詞,既可作及物動(dòng)詞,也可作不及物動(dòng)詞.當(dāng)它們作不及物動(dòng)詞且用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能時(shí),可用一般時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)形式表小被動(dòng)意義, 其主語(yǔ)大多為事物.常見(jiàn)的有：sell “銷(xiāo) 售好 read好讀,write “好寫(xiě),wash “耐洗,wear “耐穿,last , tear,lock ,count ,open ,teach ,drive ,take等、eg:1. The tickets cost too much and sold badly.這些票太貴了,銷(xiāo)路不好.2

28、. Can you lend Hie your pen?Your pen writes better.你能把你的鋼筆借給我嗎 你的鋼筆更好寫(xiě).3.The pen writes well.這筆好寫(xiě).4.The door won ' t open.門(mén)開(kāi)不下來(lái).5.The clothes wash easily.這衣服很好洗.6. The door won't open.這門(mén)打不開(kāi).注意：這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義有三個(gè)明顯特征1.與not , hardly等否認(rèn)意義的詞連用.2.常與副詞 well,easily,badly ,poorly ,nicely ,fast ,smoo

29、thly ,等連用表示效果或程度.3句中的主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的承受者.某些表示感覺(jué),狀態(tài),特征的系動(dòng)詞 eg： feel, look, sound, smell, taste精品資料歡迎下載等系動(dòng)詞,用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,-衛(wèi)舟更物;Eg:1.The cloth feels soft.這布料摸起來(lái)很軟.2. His cake tastes good.他的蛋糕味道很好.3. Good medicine tastes bitter.良藥苦 口三. 動(dòng)詞need, want, require 等表示“需要或“應(yīng)該的意義時(shí),后用動(dòng)詞ing的主動(dòng)式或動(dòng)詞不定式被動(dòng)形式表示變動(dòng)意義.Eg： 1.The fl

30、oor needs sweeping.地板須拖一下.2.The old bike needs repairing or: to be repaired.US輛舊自行車(chē)需要修理.3.Your hair needs cutting.你的頭發(fā)需要理了.4.The wall requires painting .這墻壁需要粉刷了.四. “主語(yǔ)+be worth doing句式中ving形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義Eg： 1.Thisbook is well worth reading.2.The film is well worth seeing.五. 不定式以主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義的情況主要有以下兩種：1.1.不

31、定式作定語(yǔ)與被修飾的詞形成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí),不定式用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義.Eg： 1.I have something important to tell you.我有重要事情要告訴你.2.Is there anything else to say?還有別的什么事情要說(shuō)嗎2.在“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+ adj. + to do 結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式作為主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)對(duì)主語(yǔ)作補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,與主語(yǔ)之間形成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí),其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義.形容詞通常為easy, difficult, hard, pleasant, nice, heavy 等Eg:1.The place is easy to find in the map.

32、2.I find the problem difficult to solve.3. The book is difficult to understand .4. The water in the river is unfit to drink.這條河里的水不宜飲用.5. His speech isn't easy to understand.他的演說(shuō)不易理解3.在too - to do sth和enough- to do句型中,如果主語(yǔ)是“物而不是“人,那么不定式部分是用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)的被動(dòng)含義.Eg:1.The table is too heavy for meto carry .

33、2.The dress is good enough to wear at the party .六. 表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ),如： happen, last, take place, break out, comeout, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義.Eg： How do the newspapers come out?這些報(bào)紙是如何引出來(lái)的呢七. 介詞in, on, under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)意義表示方位的介詞與含動(dòng)作意義的名詞合用,含被動(dòng)之義,其意義相當(dāng)丁該名詞相 應(yīng)動(dòng)

34、詞的被動(dòng)形式,名詞前一般不用冠詞.1. “under +名詞結(jié)構(gòu),表示“某事在進(jìn)行中.常見(jiàn)的有： under control 受限制,undertreatment 在治療中,under repair在修理中,under discussion在討論中,underconstruction在施工中.Eg： The building is under construction is being constructed.2. “beyond+名詞結(jié)構(gòu),“出乎 勝過(guò) 、范圍、限度.常見(jiàn)的有：beyond belief 令人難以置信,beyond one' s reach 鞭長(zhǎng)莫及,beyond o

35、ne' s control 無(wú)汲限制,beyond our hope .我們的成功始料不及.Eg:The rumour is beyond belief=can' t be believed .3. “above+名詞結(jié)構(gòu),表示“品質(zhì)、行為、水平等超過(guò)、高丁 .Eg:His honest character is above all praise. =His honest character cannotbe praised enough .4. “for+名詞結(jié)構(gòu),表示 “適丁、 為著.如：for sale出售,forrent出租等.Eg:That house is for

36、sale. = That house is to be sold.5. “in+名詞結(jié)構(gòu),表示“在過(guò)程中或范圍內(nèi)常見(jiàn)的有：in print 在印刷中,in sight 在視野范圍內(nèi),等.Eg:The book is not yet in print . =is not yet printed6. “on+名詞結(jié)構(gòu),表示“在從事 中.常見(jiàn)的有：on sale出售,on show/ 展出,ontrial受審.Eg:Today some treasures are on show in the museum = are being showed.7. “out of+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)；表示 “超出之外“,常

37、見(jiàn)的有：out of control 限制不了 ,out of sight超出視線(xiàn)之外,out of one ' s reach夠不著,out of fashion不流行Eg:The plane was out of control can ' t be controlled .8. “within+名詞結(jié)構(gòu),“在內(nèi)、不超過(guò).Eg:He took two days off within the teacher's permission八.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義在某些句型中可用動(dòng)名詞和不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義.1. 在need, want, require, b

38、ear等詞的后面,動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,其含義相當(dāng)丁動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式.Eg:The house needs repairingto be repaired . 這房子需要修理.2. 形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義,但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后面跟 動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式.Eg:The picture-book is well worth reading . = The picture-book is very worthy to be read.3. 動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后面作定語(yǔ),不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí),乂和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,不定式的主動(dòng)

39、形式表示被動(dòng)含義.Eg:I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do 與 things 是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, 與 I 是主謂關(guān)系.試比較：I ' ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted?此處用不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作定語(yǔ)說(shuō)明you不是post動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者.4. 在某些“形容詞+不定式做表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中,句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)乂是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí),這時(shí)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義.這些形容詞有nice , easy, fit , hard ,difficu

40、lt , important , impossible , pleasant , interesting 等.Eg:This problem is difficult to work out可看作 to work out 省略了 for me .5. 在too - to結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式前面可加邏輯主語(yǔ),所以應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義.Eg:This book is too expensive for me to buy.6. 在there be句型中,當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式修飾名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式用主動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ), 重點(diǎn)在人,用被動(dòng)形式作定語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)在物.Eg:1.There is no time to los

41、e to be lost .用 to lose 可看成 for us tolose ；用 to be lost ,誰(shuí) lost time不明確.九. 教材中與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)相關(guān)的一些詞組get dressed 穿衣get hurt 受傷 get lost 迷路 get washed洗臉get married 結(jié)婚由制成看得出原材料由制成看不出原材料被用丁被用丁做.希望be covered with 被覆蓋 be made of由某人制造 be made from由某地制造 be used for被當(dāng)作使用be used to do據(jù)說(shuō)it is hoped thatbe made by be mad

42、e in be used as it is said that精品資料歡迎下載It is well known that. 總所周知.初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)一.單項(xiàng)選擇1. The People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949.A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found2. English in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken3. This English song by the girls a

43、fter class.A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung4. This kind of car in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made5. New computers all over the world.A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used6.Our room must clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep7. -I&#

44、39;d like to buy that coat.-I'm sorry.A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it had been sold8. A new house at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building9. The keyon the table when I leave.A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has be

45、en left10. Doctors in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need11. His new book next month. A.will be published B. is publishingC. is being published D. has been published12. Japanese in every country.A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking13.

46、 These papersyet. A.have not written B. have not been writtenC. has not written D. has not been written14. The sports meet be held until next week.A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't15. -My shoes are worn out.A. Can't they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it.C. How much do

47、they cost? D. Can't they mended?16. the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are17. these desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do18. Why to talk about it yesterday?A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meetingheld C. wasn't held a meeting D. a meeting w

48、asn't held19. Who was the book? A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by20. Where these boxes made? A. was B. were C. is D. am21. The flowers often.A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water22. The books may for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow23. T

49、he broken bike here by Mr Smith.A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended24. The old bridge in my hometown next month.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuiltC. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt25. The play at the theatre next Sunday.精品資料歡迎下載A. is going to be shown B.

50、will shownC. will show D. is shown26. The old stone bridge next week.A.is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuildC. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild27. Now these magazines in the library for a long time.A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept28. The potfor hot water.

51、 A.used; keeping B. was used; keepingC. is used; to keep D. are used; keep29. Tea in the south of China.A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow30. The bridges two years ago.A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built31. Wet clothes are often up near a fire in rainy weather.A. hang B. han

52、ged C. hanging D. hung32. The river smells terrible. People must dirty things into it.A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwingC. stop to throw D. stop from throwing33. The teapotwater.A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled34.Old people must be looked after well and politely

53、.A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to 35.Old people must. A. look after well B. be looked well afterC. looked well after D. be looked after well36. Newly-born babies in hospital.A. are taken good careB. are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good care37. They were at the sudden n

54、oise.A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens38. These walls stone. A.are made of B. made ofC. are made into D. made into39. Jane to sing us an American song last Saturday.A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said40. The papers to them. A. were shown B. show C. shown / D. have shown41.

55、 The coat her sister.A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to42. five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given43. Good care such things.A.should take of B. should be takenC. should be taking D. should be taken of44.She will good c

56、are.A. take; of B. be taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; of you45. The teacher made him his homework.A. to do B. do C. did D. done46. The boy streets without pay in the old days.A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean47. These children dance.A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to48. Thesestones well. A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted49. The bike 500 yuan.A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed50. The important meeting on a cold morning last year.A. was ha