現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別

1、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別：兩種分詞的區(qū)別很多，但它們之間的根本區(qū)別是：1. 語態(tài)上不同： 現(xiàn)在分詞在語態(tài)上表示主動； 而及物動詞的過去分詞表示被動。2. 時間關系上不同： 現(xiàn)在分詞在時態(tài)上強調動作正在進行；過去分詞在時態(tài)上強調動作已經(jīng)完成這種根本的區(qū)別具體體現(xiàn)在兩種分詞分別充當?shù)母鞣N句子成份中。細述如下： 一、分詞作定語共同點：分詞作定語時，如果分詞只是一個單詞，那么，該分詞就位于其所修飾的名詞之前；如果是分詞短語，那么，該短語就位于其所修飾的名詞之后，它的作用相當于一個定語從句。不同點：分詞作定語時，被分詞所修飾的名詞就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞與邏輯主語之間是主動關系，所表示的動作一般

2、與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動關系，所示動作一般發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前或同時發(fā)生。1. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，句子后半部分是一個作定語、修飾 noise 的分詞短語；再根據(jù)句意“一陣閃電之后，接著就是一聲巨響?！笨芍?，巨響應是主動，緊接在閃電之后的。因此，該題應選_?2. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C

3、., didnt include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，待選部分是一個作定語、修飾 The Olympic Games 的后置分詞短語；再根據(jù) The Olympic Games 對于動詞 play 來說只能是被動承受，且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此，該題應選_?3. Whats the language _ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spok

4、en D. to speak簡析：測試過去分詞作后置定語表達被動，等于定語從句 which is spoken; 因此答案是_? 4. Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，待選部分是一個作定語; 再看people 和invite to the party是被動關系， 即被邀請來參加晚會的 人，等于定語從句 who were invited， 因此答案應該是_?5. Most of

5、the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited6. The computer centre, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened7. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a forei

6、gn language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written二、分詞作表語共同點：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語時，都起著形容詞的作用。不同點：現(xiàn)在分詞作表語時，與其邏輯主語之間是主動關系，所表示的動作的一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動關系，所示動作一般發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前或同時發(fā)生。1. This news sounds _. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourages D. to e

7、ncourage2. -How did Bob do in the exams this time? -Well, his father seems _ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please3. -How did the audience receive the new play? -They got very _. A .excite B. excited C .excitedly D .exciting三、分詞作賓語補足語共同點：分詞作賓語補足語時，句子的賓語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。兩種分詞在復合賓語中

8、作賓語補足語時，都是對句子的賓語起補充或說明作用。不同點：但現(xiàn)在分詞與其邏輯主語之間是主動關系，所表示的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動關系，所示動作一般發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前或同時發(fā)生。Eg: 1. The next morning she found the man _ in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying2. -Good morning. Can I help you? -Id like to have the package _, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighe

9、d C. to weigh D. weighed3. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air _ against your face. A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to move 四、分詞作狀語共同點：過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，句子的主語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。一般都在句子中作時間、原因、方式或伴隨等狀語。不同點：但現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，與其邏輯主語之間是主動關系，所表示的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動關系，所示動作一般發(fā)生謂語動詞之前發(fā)生

10、。 Eg: 1. European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，待選部分在整個句中應作狀語；再根據(jù) European football 對于 make 來說應是主動關系，即歐洲足球使之本身成為一項最受世人歡迎的運動。因此，該題應選 _?。2._ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Rece

11、iving not C. Not having received D. Having not received3. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added4. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angri

12、ly pointed D. and angrily pointing 簡析：測試現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，通過副詞 angrily 進行干擾。Mary 和point 之間是主動關系， 因此答案該題應選_?More practice: 1. _ more attention, the tree could have grown better. (90全國) A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given. 2. The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among the students in th

13、is school. (93全國) A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 3. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (94全國) A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 4. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (96全國)

14、A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 5. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. (00上海) A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding 6. When _, the museum will be open to the public next year. (02上海春) A. completed B. completing C. being comp

15、leted D. to be completed 7. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. (02京皖春) A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 8. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _only to people with specific knowledge. (02上海) A. being known B. having been known C. to be know

16、n D. known 9. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (03上海春) A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited 10. Friendship is like money: easier made than _. (03北京) A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. having kept 11. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. (

17、03北京) A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given12. Climbing mountains was _, so we all felt _. A. tiring ; tired B. tired ; tiring C. tiring ; tiring D. tired ; tired13. The _ morning, the father came into the lonely house, _ by his naughty boy. A. following ; following B. followed ; followed C.

18、 following ; followed D. followed ; following14. _ these pictures, I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing and _ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. A. Seeing; seen B. Seen ; seeing C. Seeing ; seeing D. Seen ; seen15. Mrs. White was glad t

19、o see the nurse _ after her son and her daughter and was also pleased to see children well _ care of in the nursery. A. looked ; taken B. looking ; taken C. looked ; took D. looking; taking 16. I was lucky to pick up a wallet _ on the ground on the way home, but unfortunately for me, I found my colo

20、r TV set _ when I got home. A. lying; stolen B. laying; stealing C. lay; stolen D. lying; stealing17. _ better attention, the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and _ them light. A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; giving18. _ his hea

21、d high, the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting _ then. A. Holding; being held B. Held ; holding C. Having held ; held D. Held ; to be held19. _ but he still could not understand it. A. Told many times B. Having been told many timesC. He has been told many times D. Though he had been

22、told many times20. On hearing the _ news, I was too _ to sleep. A. exciting; excited B. excited; exciting C. exciting; exciting D. excited; excited 21. When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still _. A. beat B. beating C. beaten D. to beat22. When I went home, I saw a letter on the

23、desk _ “Dinner is ready. Mommy” A. says B. saying C. written D. writing23. The manager promised to keep me _of how our business was going on.A. to be informed B. on informing C. informed D. informing24. The speaker, _for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.A. having known B. b

24、eing knowing C. knowing D. known25. Returning to the room, _. A. the book was lost B. I found the book missing C. the book was missing D. the book was found missingReading the following passage and think it carefully? What food for thought can you get? Like most big projects, learning to manage your

25、 mother well is important. Here are what I believe the best steps towards a better relationship with her. They are not necessarily surprising, but they have worked for many people. Try them. Remember your mothers age. Knowing our mothers age , not just in numbers of years but in terms of her psychol

26、ogical and physical state, often helps to understand her better. Listen to your mother. As we grow up, what our mother has told us sounds of no use for the world we live in today. Yet I have found that sometimes her words from long time ago are very useful. If your mother knows that you respect her

27、point of view, even if you dont share it, it will help her feel close to you. Ask your mother about your childhood history. If you are fortunate enough to have a living family., think of your life as a jigsaw(拼圖) puzzle and ask as many questions as you can to put the picture together. Understanding your roots and your childhood can help you know more clearly who you are and to be a part of a family which you share with your mother. Remember tha