西安交通大學(xué)研究生英語(yǔ)寫作Summary Writing（課堂PPT）

1、1Summary WritingChapter 42Objectives Give an appropriate definition for a summaryKnow the characteristics of a good summaryLearn the techniques in summary writingLearn the steps in summary writingPractice 3I. What is a summary?nA summary is a shortened passage, which retains the essential informatio

2、n of the original. It is a fairly brief restatement - in your own words -of the contents of a passage. nNote: you simply report back what the writer has said, without making value judgments.4II. Characteristics of a good summarynCan be understood without reference to the original;nIs a faithful repr

3、oduction of, or contains only the ideas or information of, the original;nIs brief without any unnecessary detail;nIs a readable unified whole5III. Techniques in summary writingParaphrasingTo paraphrase means to completely and correctly express other peoples ideas in ones own words.6Examples: 1. Youv

4、e cooked us all a hot potato. (a troublesome person or issue) 2. Prevention is better than cure. (It is better to prevent something unpleasant from happening than try to put it right afterwards.)7It helps us understand the original better.It helps us grasp the central idea and the main points. It he

5、lps us write summaries that are brief and to the point, and in our own words.The importance of paraphrasing8Read the original carefully and comprehend its meaning wholly and correctly.Consider the original article as a whole, not in isolated sentences.Steps of paraphrasing9Grasping the central ideas

6、III. Techniques in summary writing10Ways of condensationnUse synonyms or synonymous phrasesHe had a good command of English. (He knew English well.)nChange the structure of simple sentencesMy brother has an appreciation of modern art.(My brother appreciates modern art.)III. Techniques in summary wri

7、ting11nTurn complex sentences into simple sentencesHe received a welcome that was as cold as ice.(He received an icy welcome.)nCombine the sentencesHurry up. If you dont, youll miss the train.(Hurry up or youll miss the train.)12Finding the topic sentence and making an outline topic sentence / outli

8、ne13IV. How to write a summary?The importance of summary writingNecessary elements for a good summarynProper citation title, author, source; date of publication and the text (journal articles)14nThesis statement the topic or general subject matter of the text; the authors major assertion, comment, o

9、r position on the topic15nSupporting ideas major supporting ideas; relationships among these ideas no specifics the authors purpose in writing no personal opinions, ideas, and inferences.16nGrammar and the structure of writing avoid direct quotation; use transitional wordsnLength 1/4 to 1/3 of the o

10、riginal 17Read the article To understand the article and find the general theme.Reread the article Divide into sections and label each section. Understand the important parts.Write one-sentence summaries Summarize each section of thought.Steps in writing a summary18Formulate the thesis statement Wea

11、ve the one-sentence section-summaries together.Write the first draftIn the first sentence or two:The authors nameThe articles or chapters nameThe authors thesis statementThen the summary sentences for each paragraph or section.19Express in your own words, to avoid plagiarism.Occasional supporting ideas if necessary.Note:Eliminate unnecessary words and repetitions.Eliminate personal ideas and inferences.Use transitions for a smooth and logical flow of ideas.Conclude with a summing up sentence.20Edit the draftIs all the important information in the summary?Am I listing things out?Am