語法系列復(fù)習(xí)專題七-----動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài),被動(dòng)語態(tài)

1、語法系列復(fù)習(xí)專題七-動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，被動(dòng)語態(tài)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作、客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言，目前的特征、狀態(tài)、能力等。 2.主句是一般將來時(shí),時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。如： I´ll go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow,I won´t go there. 3.在以here,there開頭的句子里，go,come等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的一般在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：There goes the bell.鈴響了。There comes the bus.汽車來了。Her

2、e she comes.她來了。二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 1.表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 2.表示按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。He is working as a teacher tomorrow.從明天起他要做老師。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.這個(gè)星期六我爸爸要來看我。 3.代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，描繪更加生動(dòng)。例如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滾滾向東流。The sun is rising in the east.太陽

3、從東方冉冉升起。 4.大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，但也有些動(dòng)詞不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。常見的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget,believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1.表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，或說話時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作。例如：I have finished the report./ She has cleaned the room. 2.表示從過去開始，待續(xù)到現(xiàn)在

4、的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和“for”, “since”表述的一段時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college. 3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別： 1）用兩種時(shí)態(tài)來表述發(fā)生在過去的某一動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一過去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，而一般過去時(shí)只表達(dá)過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在關(guān)系不大。例如：She has cleaned the room.It´s very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改為cleaned.一是因?yàn)閏

5、leaned與現(xiàn)狀無關(guān)，二是因?yàn)橐话氵^去時(shí)不可突然跳到It´s這樣的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。) 2）漢語中的“了”、“過”、“曾”等詞常用完成表達(dá)，如：I have seen that film.（我看過那部電影了。）但是如果是在特定的過去時(shí)間“看了”、“做過”，就不可用完成時(shí)而必須用一般過去進(jìn)來表達(dá)。例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么時(shí)候看了那部電影？我昨天看的。)不能說：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday. 4.表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地（人已回來）”用“

6、have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（還未回來）”用“have/has gone to”.例如：Where is Li Hua? He has gone to the reading-room.She knows a lot about Shanghai.She has been there. 5.短暫動(dòng)詞（即瞬間動(dòng)詞），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。例如不能說：He has

7、 finished the work for three hours.要翻譯“他已完成工作三小時(shí)了。”可采用1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延續(xù)法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 1.用來表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（或今后還要繼續(xù)一去）的動(dòng)作。例如：He has been doing the maths

8、 problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days. 2.凡是不能用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞均不能用于現(xiàn)成完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。五、一般過去時(shí) 表達(dá)特定的過去時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀況，或過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為。六、過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1.表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（這一過去時(shí)間須用時(shí)間狀語表示）。例如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday. 2.表示動(dòng)作在另一過去動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)進(jìn)行。例如：They were still working when I left. 3

9、.用在兩個(gè)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。例如：I was writing while he was watching TV. 4.表示過去將來動(dòng)作。例如：He said she was arriving the next day.七、過去完成時(shí) 1.表示在過去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。例如：He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning. 2.表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過去時(shí)刻才完成，甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。例如：At the age o

10、f ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it. 3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)來表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。例如：We had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般將來時(shí) 一般將來時(shí)表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和存在的狀況。有下列一些形式： 1.will/shall do （側(cè)重將來行為，不突出計(jì)劃安排去做某事） 2.be go

11、ing to do (主觀上打算或客觀上可能發(fā)生) 3.be doing (按計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生，常和表示最近的將來時(shí)間連用) 4.be about to do (按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生)九、將來完成時(shí) 用來表示在將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻（前）將完成的動(dòng)作。常和by短語，when,before引起的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)分析1Can I join your club,dad? You can when you_a bit older. (NMET) A.get B.will get C.are

12、getting D.will have got析：“You can”是將來意，when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來所以此題答案為A.2Oh,its you!I_you. Ive just had my hair cut and Im wearing new glasses. A.didnt recognize B.hadnt recognized C.havent recognized D.dont recognize 析：從“Oh,its you!”可知說話時(shí)已認(rèn)出對(duì)方?！皼]有認(rèn)出”是在此之前為過去情況，所以應(yīng)選A.3.I dont think Jim saw me;he_into

13、 space. (NMET) A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just stared析：在空白處應(yīng)選一個(gè)與“saw”相配，能解釋Jim didnt see me 這一原因的選項(xiàng)，只有著眼于A、B。若選A不能體觀他“當(dāng)時(shí)正在做”某事，故排除A而選B。這樣因?yàn)椤八谕钪嫣炜铡彼浴拔纯吹轿摇薄?._my glasses? Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute ago. (NMET) A.Do you see B.Had you seen C.Would you see D.Hav

14、e you seen析：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表過去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，問話人以這樣的時(shí)態(tài)發(fā)問可作現(xiàn)焦急的心情。故答案為D。5.You dont need to describe her.I_her several times. (NMET) A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet析：答案B。道理同4。6.Do you know our town at all? No,this is the first time I_here. A.was B.have been C.came D.am going析：根據(jù)this/it is the first/second/

15、time sb.has done sth.句型，可定答案為B。又如：This is the second time he has visited the Great Wall.7.I dont really work here.I_until the new secretary arrives. (NMET) A.just help out B.have just helped out C.am just helping out D.will just help out 析：根據(jù)I don´t really work here.以及until the new secretary ar

16、rives,可知說話人所要做的事是計(jì)劃安排行為，C、D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)都表將來動(dòng)作，但D非計(jì)劃安排，C則體現(xiàn)按計(jì)劃去做，所以此題答案為C。8.Is this raincoat yours? No,mine_there behind the door. (NMET) A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung析：此題的“懸掛”是指現(xiàn)狀而言，故表過去“掛”的B、D項(xiàng)可排除。C項(xiàng)雖指“現(xiàn)在掛”，但側(cè)重在常規(guī)，習(xí)慣。為了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，我的正掛在門后”這一意思，選A是極為合情理的。被動(dòng)語態(tài)一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句型 1.常見句式是：主語（受動(dòng)者）be過去分詞（by施動(dòng)

17、者） 例如：He was scolded by the English teacher. 2.主語get過去分詞其它成分例如：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.注意：使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)不能帶有“by施動(dòng)者” 3.帶有雙賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)閯?dòng)句，其主語可以是直接賓語，也可以是間接賓語。例如：She lent me a bike.®被動(dòng)：1）I was lent a bike(by her).2）A bike was lent to me(by her). 4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞b

18、e過去分詞例如：This problem must be worked out in half an hour. 5.雙重被動(dòng)式：主語被動(dòng)式謂語不定式的被動(dòng)式其它成分例如；These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.二、主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的幾種情況 1.不及物動(dòng)詞與狀語連用，用以表示主語的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。常見動(dòng)詞是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如：This kni

19、fe cuts well.這把刀好切。These books sell well.這些書好賣。The pen writes smoothly.這支筆寫起來流暢。Meat won´t keep long in such hot weather.肉在這樣熱的天氣里放不長久。The cloth washes well.這種布好洗。 2.一些連系動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)式形容詞。常見動(dòng)look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news prov

20、ed/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被動(dòng)式，如：His answer(was) proved right. 3.不定式在某些形容詞之后，且與主語有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。常見形容詞有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impos

21、sible to complete in a year.比較：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.沒有形容詞時(shí)，雖然不定式與主語是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但必須用被動(dòng)式。三、容易誤用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況： 1.I teach myself French.不可變?yōu)镸yself is taught French.因?yàn)榉瓷泶~不可作主語。 2.We help each other/one another.不可變?yōu)镋ach other/One another is helped by us.因?yàn)橄嗷ゴ~不可作主語。 3.He lost h

22、eart.不可變?yōu)镠eart was lost by him.因?yàn)橄髄ose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought這類動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)的固定短語只能用于主動(dòng)式，不能用被動(dòng)式。 4.She took part in the sports meet.不能變?yōu)門he sports meet was taken part in by her.因?yàn)橄髏ake part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)考點(diǎn)分析 1.I need one more stamp before my

23、 collection_. (NMET) A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed析：complete是及物動(dòng)詞，“郵集”是被人完成的，須從表被動(dòng)意的C、D中選擇。又因before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中謂語要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來，所以此題答案為D。 2.Do you like the material? Yes,it_very soft. (NMET) A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt析：觀察題干，空白線后無賓語，可知feel是不及物動(dòng)詞，表“（某物）摸起來”意思,是連

24、系動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)式，也不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)此題對(duì)話情景，是指某種材料的常規(guī)特性，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不能用過去時(shí)，故答案為C。feel作“感覺”、“認(rèn)為”、“摸”等意時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，可帶賓語，有時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)等變化。 3Great changes_in the city,and a lot of factories_. (NMET) A.have been taken placehave been set up B.have taken placehave been set up C.have taken placehave set up D.were taken placewere set up析：t

25、ake place（發(fā)生）是不及物動(dòng)詞，不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，于是可排除A、D，又因set up(建造)是及物動(dòng)詞，在此題中應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)式，故排除C，答案為B。 4.Most of the artists_to the party were from South Africa. (NMET) A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited析：首先可排除B。因?yàn)樗槐硎尽氨谎?qǐng)”。又因D項(xiàng)少引導(dǎo)詞who，也應(yīng)排除。A項(xiàng)who were invited,C項(xiàng)who were being invited,由象invite這類短暫動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分

26、詞被動(dòng)式不可作后置定語，故也應(yīng)排除。因而可定答案為A。 5.I don´t know the restaurant,but it´s_to be quite a good one.(NMET) A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked析：根據(jù)“某人/某物據(jù)說”英文句式為“sb/sth.is said”可定答案為A。又如：He is said to be a clever boy.據(jù)說他是一個(gè)聰明的男孩。 6.The police found that the house_and a lot of things_.(NMET) A.has broken

27、intohas been stolen B.has broken intohad been stolen C.has been broken intostolen D.had been broken intostolen析：“房屋被人闖入”，“東西被偷”都是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故可排除A、B。因C項(xiàng)中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，則答案只能是D。 7.I promise that the matter will_. (NMET) A.be taden care B.be taken care of C.take care D.take care of析：take ca

28、re of是固定短語，若無of則不可帶賓語，只能跟that從句。所以此題答案為B。 8.If city noises_from increasing,people_shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. (NMET) A.are not keptwill have to B.are not kepthave to C.do not keepwill have to D.do not keephave to析：觀察題干，第一處必須用被動(dòng)式，答案只能在A、B中選一。條件句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句應(yīng)為一般將來時(shí)，故答案為A

29、。 9.The Olympic Games,_in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.(NMET) A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing析；要表達(dá)“被舉行”，只能在B、C中選。B意“將要首次舉行”。顯然不合in 776 BC這一過去時(shí)間，只有C，first played(which was first played)才合用。故答案為C。 10.This sentence needs_. A.a improvement B.i

30、mprove C.improving D.improved析：初看此題似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音開頭詞，其前要用an,故排除。need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，和require,want一樣，后面可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被”意。如：The door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(這扇門需要漆一下。) 11.I should very much like to have gone to the party,but I_invited. A.am not B.haven´t been C.was no

31、t D.will not be析：should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：I should like to have seen the film,but it wasn´t possible.由于這種句式表示“過去想”，所以but后的句子也應(yīng)該是過去時(shí)態(tài)與之相配合，故此題答案是C。 12._the note_to Mr Smith? No,It is still in my pocket. A.Isbeing given B.Wasgiven C.Hasbeen given D.Hasn´tbeen given析：根據(jù)問

32、句與答句，問話人顯然是注重結(jié)果，故要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。似乎D作為反詰句“難道條還沒給史密斯先生嗎？”也成立，但若是這種口氣發(fā)問，答話人就應(yīng)答“Sorry.It is still in my pocket.”,所以此題答案應(yīng)為C。 13.We heard it_that he had gone to New York. A.say B.said C.to say D.be said析：It was said that可以改為We heard it said that(都表示“據(jù)說”之意)。前一種說法中It 是形式主語，后一種說法中it是形式賓語。故此題答案為B。動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)專練1.The math

33、s problem can be_. A.easy worked out B.easy to be worked out C.easily worked out D.easily to work out2.Every possible means_,but none proves successful. A.has been tried B.tried C.is being tried D.has tried3.The girl is to_a rich man. A.marry with B.be married C.marry to D.be married to4.He received

34、 a telegram that_“Mother sick”. A.wrote B.says C.reads D.read5.Who can you imagine_to his wedding party? A.inviting B.being invited C.was invited D.to be invited6.I_ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.(NMET) A.gave B.was given C.was giving D.had given7.Will somebody go and get Dr

35、.White? He´s already been_.(NMET) A.asked for B.sent for C.called for D.looked for8.A conductor_to keep us in time in the singing yesterday. A.needs B.is needing C.was needed D.has been needed9.When and where to build the new factory_yet. A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.h

36、ave not decided10.Ways_to stop pollution by now. A.must find B.will be found C.are found D.have been found11.I don´t want anything_about it. A.to say B.said C.saying D.having said12._that the sports meet might be put off. Yes,it all depends on the weather. A.I´ve been told B.I´ve told

37、 C.I´m told D.I told13.A library with five thousand books_to the nation as a gift.(NMET) A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered14.Betty has never been heard _ill of others. A.speak B.spoken C.to speak D.was said15.Tom_to have delivered the speech in their theatre room. A.said B

38、.says C.is said D.was said16.What do you think of the book? Oh,excellent.It´s worth_a second time.(NMET) A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read17.Little Jim should love_to the theatre this evening.(NMET) A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking.18._more attention,the trees could ha

39、ve grown better.(NMET) A.Given B.to give C.Giving D.Having given19.where_the book?I cant see it anywhere. I_it right here but now its gone. A.did you put;have put B.have you put;put C.had you put;was putting D.were you putting;have put20.He would not fail so long as he_hard the next term. A.studied

40、B.would study C.had studied D.studies21.How long_the English party_? A.has;been lasted B.did;last C.was;lasted D.will;be lasted22.What_you_this time next Friday? A.will;do B.have;been doing C.are;doing D.will;be doing23.Hardly_the bell_when the teacher came in. A.did;ring B.would;ring C.has;rung D.h

41、ad;rung24.It_and the streets were still wet. A.had been raining B.rained C.had been rained D.would rain25.The book_on the ground for ten minutes but no noe has picked it up. A.is lying B.has lain C.lay D.has been lying26.We_there when it_to rain. A.were getting;would begin B.were about to get;began

42、C.had got;had begun D.would get;began27.The teacher said we_ten lessons by the end of this term. A.should have studied B.were going to study C.have studied D.should study28.she told me she had met you in London last year. _you_her since? A.Had;met B.Did;see C.Would;meet D.Have;seen29.When_again? Whe

43、n he_,Ill let you know. A.will he come;will come B.will he come;come C.he comes;comes D.will he come;comes30.Tom_for more than a week. A.has left B.had gone away C.went away D.has been away31.What happened to her teeth? She_the apple more than she could chew. A.has bitten B.bit C.had been bitting D.

44、bites32.Shakespeare was said_37 famous plays in his lifetime. A.finishing writing B.to finish writing C.having written D.to have written33. Youve agreed to go.So why arent you getting ready? But I_that you_me to start at once. A.dont realize;want B.dont realize;wanted C.havent realized;want D.didnt

45、realize;wanted34. I missed the lecture last night. Oh,what a pity!I wish_. A.you heared it B.you had heard it C.you never heard it D.you hadnt heard it 35.Ill return the book to the library as soon as I_it. A.finished B.am going to finish C.will finish D.have finished36. Your phone number again?I_qu

46、ite catch it. Its 9586442.(NMET) A.didnt B.couldnt C.dont D.cant37. Im sorry to keep you waiting. Oh,not at all.I_here only a few minutes. A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be38.When I was at college.I_three foreign languages,but I_all except a few words of each. A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten C.had spoedn;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten39.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she_. A.will arrive B.arrives C.is going to arrive D.is