初中英語---中考百題精講(14)

1、初中英語-中考百題精講（14） 作者：佚名 轉(zhuǎn)貼自：本站原創(chuàng) 點擊數(shù)：1834 文章錄入：admin 第十四講 動詞的時態(tài)（下）G:現(xiàn)在完成時棗表示到目前為止已經(jīng)完成，并對現(xiàn)在留下某種后果和影響的動作。 結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞have/has + 動詞的過去分詞 用法: 1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,常與一些時間狀語,如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once,twice等連用,也可以和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間狀語,如these days,today,this year,so far等連用. eg.I have already poste

2、d the letter. (信已經(jīng)不在我這兒了) 2.表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還將繼續(xù)下去,可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時間的狀語連用,即for +時間段,since+時間點/從句, in the last ten years等,謂語只可用延續(xù)性動詞. 解析： 1.英語動詞根據(jù)詞義可分為兩種,一種是延續(xù)性的,一種是終止性的,終止性動詞(也可稱為非延續(xù)性動詞,瞬間動詞,或點動詞),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示動作的發(fā)生與結(jié)束于一瞬間完成,不能再延續(xù),所以它的現(xiàn)在完成時不能和表示延續(xù)的時間狀語連用,即不能與表示一

3、段時間的狀語,for+時間段, since+時間點/從句連用,也不能用在how long引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句中. eg. I've left Shanghai for three days.(×)I've been away from Shanghai for three days.( ).I left Shanghai three days ago. ( )It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.( ) 2.初中英語課本中常見終止性動詞有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy,

4、borrow, die, join, become等.終止性動詞要表示持續(xù)時, 可用以下方法: .將時間狀語改為時間段 + ago,句中謂語動詞用一般過去時. eg.我弟弟參軍兩年了. My brother joined the army two years ago. .若保留for+時間段,since+時間點/從句, 或用在 how long 句型中,則需將終止性動詞改為相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動詞或延續(xù)性動詞 常見終止性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞(或狀態(tài)動詞)的對應(yīng)關(guān)系如下:come/go/arrive/get/reach/move-be in/at open-be open die-be dead close-

5、be closed become-be borrow-keep begin/start-be on put on-wear leave-be away (from) buy-have fall asleep-be asleepend/finish-be over catch a cold-have a cold join the army-be in the army be a soldier join the Party-be in the Party be a Party member My brother has been in the army for two years.My bro

6、ther has been a soldier for two years. 3.現(xiàn)在完成時中been to,gone to和been in/at been to去過某地,表示某人的一種經(jīng)歷,可以和once,twice,already,ever,never等連用. eg. She has been to Shanghai twice. (表示目前人在這里) gone to 去某地了,說話時某人已離開此地,在去某地的途中或已在某地, eg. She has gone to Shanghai。 (表示現(xiàn)在她人不在這里) been in/at 逗留在某地(已經(jīng)一段時間).常和for ten days

7、,since I came here等連用. eg. She has been in Shanghai since she moved there. 現(xiàn)在完成時所表明的是過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響,強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況,不可以和表示過去的時間狀語yesterday,in 1991,three days ago last time,last night等連用.一般過去時表明的是過去發(fā)生的事實,和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系. 5.現(xiàn)在完成時中的 for 與 sincefor + 時間段 與延續(xù)性動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時連用 since + 時間點/從句I have kept the library book for a

8、 week.= I have kept the library book since a week ago. 6. It is /has been +一段時間 + since 從句.自從某事發(fā)生已有一段時間了. eg. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army. 注意:1.since 引導(dǎo)的從句中動詞用過去時2.when 引導(dǎo) 的特殊問句不與現(xiàn)在完成時連用.3.have got,has got 雖然是現(xiàn)在完成時,但have got=have has got=has 練習(xí)題: 1.It's a long time

9、 since we _ (meet) last,isn't it? 2.-I know you _ (choose) a picture book among these. -Yes,Have a look at it, please. 3.So far,spaceships without people _ (reach) the moon and some other partsof the universe. 4.My father_ home for nearly three weeks.A.has gone away from B.has leftC.has been awa

10、y from D.went away 5.Mr and Mrs Green have_in China for a week. A.been B.got C.arrived D.reached 6.-Where's Mary? -Oh,she _the library.A.has gone to B.went to C.has been to D.had gone to 7.I'm not feeling well.I've caught a cold for three days. A B C D 8.Tom has caught a bad cold for day

11、s and he has stayed in bed since last Saturday. A B C D H:過去完成時棗表示過去某一時間或動作之前已完成的動作 結(jié)構(gòu)： 助動詞had + 動詞的過去分詞 用法： 1.表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作,動作發(fā)生的時間為“過去的過去“.表示過去某一時間可用by,before 等構(gòu)成的短語,也可用when,before等引導(dǎo)的從句或通過上下文表示. eg. By the end of last term,we had learned a thousand English words. He had finished his h

12、omework before his father came back last night. 2.表示過去某個時間之前發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài), 一直延續(xù)到這一過去時刻,或還將繼續(xù)下去. eg. When I got to know him, he had worked there for twenty years.(注意) 否定式 had not = hadn't 時態(tài)的呼應(yīng) 1.主句中謂語動詞如果是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,從句中的謂語動詞可以用任何所需要的時態(tài), he wants to speak to the headmaster.He said that he won't be fr

13、ee tomorrow.he came last night. 2.主句中的謂語動詞如果是過去時態(tài),從句中的謂語動詞一般情況下要用過去時態(tài)的某種形式. He said that he was working hard on his Chinese.he had a very good journey home.he hadn't bought the present yet.he would stop in Moscow on the way. 3.如果從句所述內(nèi)容是客觀真理,則謂語動詞總是用一般現(xiàn)在時,而不受主句中謂語動詞時態(tài)的影響. eg. Miss Gao told us tha

14、t light travels much faster than sound. 4.時間或條件狀語從句中,若主句是一般將來時或祈使句,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時. eg.Stop talking when the headteacher _(walk)into the classroom. Jim won't watch TV until he _ (finish) his homework every time. 練習(xí)題： 1.They were so pleased to see each other that they almost _ (forget) everything

15、else around. 2. The girl put on her dress and then _ (go) to the mirror to look at herself. 3. The boy is a little weak in maths. He'll fall behind the other students if he won't A B C Dwork harder at it next term. 思考題： 1.I_(leave)my ruler at home. Can I use yours? 2.Who's Jack London? I _ never _ (hear) of t