高三英語句子的基本成分和五種基本句型 綜合練習(xí)

1、精銳教育學(xué)科教師輔導(dǎo)講義講義編號(hào)11gz2yy006784學(xué)員編號(hào)：gz2wql511 年 級(jí)：高三 課次數(shù)/課時(shí)進(jìn)度：3（27/36）學(xué)員姓名：李洋陽 輔導(dǎo)科目：英語 學(xué)科教師：陳桂冰學(xué)科組長簽名及日期白梅2011/4/5課 題句子的主要成分和五種基本句型授課時(shí)間：2011-4-7備課時(shí)間： 2011-4-4教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. 增大詞匯量2. 寫出正確的句子重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)1. 如何記憶單詞2. 句子成分以及其位置考點(diǎn)及考試要求1. 語言的綜合運(yùn)用能力2. 培養(yǎng)良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣教學(xué)內(nèi)容Part 1 Homework Checking & RevisionPart 2 Sentence Struct

2、ures一：句子成分摸底測(cè)試一指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.二判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday af

3、ternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.二：基本語法概述句子成分句子的基本成分包括：主語、謂語、賓語、表語、補(bǔ)語句子的附加成分主

4、要有：定語、狀語For example: My brother teaches English at a school. 主語 謂語 賓語 狀語1. 主語：一句話的主體，英語句子中不可或缺的成分，是全句述說的對(duì)象。常由名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞擔(dān)任位于句首。找出下面句子的主語部分Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.He is interested in music.Whom did you give my book to?What I want to tell you is this.The days get longer and longer when

5、 summer comes.The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. 200yuan is not too much money.你知道哪些詞可以用來充當(dāng)主語嗎？2. 謂語：說出主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的由動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任，位于主語之后。找出下面句子的謂語：There is an old man coming here.The useful dictionary was given by my mother

6、last year.Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.We had better send for a doctor.He is interested in music.My brother hasn't done his homework.You will find it useful after you leave school.You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.你覺得謂語動(dòng)詞有哪幾種？3.賓語：及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作對(duì)象和介詞所聯(lián)系的對(duì)象，常由名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞擔(dān)任，位于動(dòng)

7、詞或介詞之后。請(qǐng)找出下面的賓語： How many new words did you learn last class?Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?Every night he heard the noise upstairs.I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!He asked her to take the boy out o

8、f school.Whom did you give my book to?你覺得賓語有什么樣的特點(diǎn)？Exercise用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的主語（）、謂語（）、賓語（）：I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so ever

9、y day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for

10、 him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.4.狀語：修

11、飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞以及全句，常由副詞或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞組擔(dān)任； 可置于動(dòng)詞之前或之后，只能置于形容詞或副詞之前。There was a big smile on her face.Every night he heard the noise upstairs.He began to learn English when he was eleven.The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.She loves the library because she loves books.With the medicine box under her

12、 arm, Miss Li hurried off.My father bought a new bike for me last week.I usually go to school by bus.你知道狀語有哪幾種嗎？Examples: Brown is a teacher.It is fine today五、表語：表述主語的身份或特征的常由名詞或形容詞擔(dān)任，置于連系動(dòng)詞之后。請(qǐng)指出下面的表語部分：There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.To do today's homework without the tea

13、cher's help is very difficult.She was the first to learn about it.I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.It seems to rain tomorrow.The bread you bought yesterday has gone bad.The leaves turn yellow when autumn comes.如何有效地尋找表語？Examples: The parents named their baby Tony. We e

14、lected Joyce to be the chief monitor. He often makes his sister cry.六、補(bǔ)語：用來補(bǔ)充主語和賓語的意義，一般都著重說明主語或賓語的身份或特征。我們常常把表語稱之為主語補(bǔ)語，而用來說明賓語的身份和特征的部分稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。你能找出下面的賓語補(bǔ)足語嗎？ She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.He asked her to take the boy out of school.She found it difficult to

15、do the work.Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.They call me Lily sometimes.你覺得如何才能有效地找到賓語補(bǔ)足語？Examples: Jane is a beautiful girl. John had a great desire to travel. Children who live by the sea usually begin to swim at an early age.七、定語：限定或修飾名

16、詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞，常由形容詞或相當(dāng)于形容詞的短語或從句擔(dān)任。形容詞位于名詞之前，短語或從句置于名詞之后。請(qǐng)找出下面的定語部分：The man downstairs was trying to sleep.How many new words did you learn last class?What is your given name?The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.People all over the world speak English.I am waiting for the sound of the

17、other shoe!定語的作用是什么？一般位于什么位置？Exercise用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語（）、狀語（）、補(bǔ)語（）：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink b

18、eer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well

19、, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents. Part 3 Practice -Sentence Structures ( )1. _ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the man B. The man here nowC. The man who is here now D. The man is here now( ) 2. The weather _.A. wet and cold B. is wet and coldC. not we

20、t and coldD. were wet and cold( ) 3. The apple tasted _.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet( ) 4. He got up _ yesterday morning.A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter( )5. The actor _at the age of 70.A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded( )6. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a

21、rest.A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we( )7. He found the street much _.A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly( ) 8.I think _necessary to learn English well.A. its B. it C. that D. that is( ) 9. The dog _ mad.A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked2. 閱讀理解One of the best-kn

22、own American writers of childrens books is Alfred Strong, or Doctor Strong, as he is better known to readers everywhere. Now, an art show called “Doctor Strong From Then to Now” is travelling around the United States. The pictures and drawings show the history of Doctor Strong.Doctor Strong first be

23、came famous almost fifty years ago when his first childrens book was published. Since then, he has written forty-five books that have sold more than one hundred million copies around the world.Doctor Strongs books are known for their easy use of words and colorful, hand-drawn pictures. These drawing

24、s bring life to his imaginary creatures. The Cat in the Hat, Horton the Elephant, The Grinch Who Stole Christmas, and hundreds of others.The San Diego Museum, in California, organized the art show. It included about three hundred Doctor Strongs original(最早的) drawings and some of his writings.Most of

25、 Doctor Strongs books, although written in a funny way, have serious messages. For example, in Mc Elligots Pool, he describes the danger of pollution. He discusses the arms race in The Butter Battle Book, written in nineteen eighty-four.Doctor Strong is almost eighty-four years old now. He says he n

26、ever planned to write stories just for children. He says he writes stories that interest people of all ages. He says he uses easy words so that everyone, even a child, can understand. 1. Alfred Strong is a famous _ in the United States.A. doctor B. artist C. writer D. reader2. Doctor Strong first be

27、came famous in _.A. his eighties when an art show was travelling around the United StatesB. his fifties when his drawings and writings were publishedC. nineteen eighty-four when his book MeEligots Pool was publishedD. his thirties when his first book was published 3. Doctor Strongs books are very po

28、pular in America because _.A. they are stories about animals such as cats, elephants and so onB. they are written in easy words with colourful picturesC. he organized the art show in California D. they are written in a funny way4. His purpose in writing many such books is_. A. to show his original p

29、ictures and drawings B. to organize a special art show of his ownC. to make his readers laugh or smile when they read his booksD. not only to interest people but to expose (uncover) some serious social problemsPart 4五種基本句型句子是由主語、謂語動(dòng)詞、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等組成的，依其組合方式可分為五種基本句型，如下表所示：種類句型主語S謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞V表語P賓語O賓語補(bǔ)足語O

30、C第一種S+VWework,第二種S+V+OHeplaysthe piano第三種S+V+PWearestudents 第四種S+V+間接賓語+直接賓語Shegaveme a pen第五種S+V+O+OCHemadethe boylaugh一、 第一種句型：主語+不及物動(dòng)詞：S+VBirds fly.主語 謂語（不及物動(dòng)詞）He runs in the park.主語謂語地點(diǎn)狀語Class begins. (begin 在句中是不及物動(dòng)詞)（一）主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（主語不及物動(dòng)詞）1. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。2. 她昨天回家很晚。 3. 那天早上我們談了很多。4. 會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 5. 在過去的十年里，

31、我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 二、第二種句型：主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語：S+V+OMy father read the book.主語謂語（及物動(dòng)詞） 賓語有賓語的動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，可當(dāng)賓語者有名詞和名詞的相當(dāng)語（代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞。）She likes English. (名詞作賓語)I know him very well.（代詞作賓語）同第一種句型一樣，本句型可以有狀語、定語修飾They want to go. (不定式作賓語)He stopped writing. (動(dòng)名詞作賓語)（二）主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（主語及物動(dòng)詞賓語）1. 昨晚我寫了一封信。 2. 今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?3. 這本書他讀

32、過多次了。4. 他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。 5. 你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書。 三、第三種句型：主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語：S+V+PHe became a scientist.主語 謂語（系動(dòng)詞） 表語Be動(dòng)詞和become上英語中常見的系動(dòng)詞，后面必須接表語，才能用來說明主語，表示是，.變成.的意思。表語通常是名詞或形容詞。They are honest.His face goes red.He became a scientist.It grew dark.（三）主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（主語系動(dòng)詞表語 ）1. 我的兄弟都是大學(xué)生。 2. 冬季白天短，夜晚長。 3. 布朗夫人看起來很健康。 4. 十五歲他就成為有

33、名的鋼琴家了。 5. 孩子們，請(qǐng)保持安靜。 6. 這本書是有關(guān)美國歷史的書。 4. 十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。 四、第四種句型：主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語He gave Tom a present.主語謂語（及物） 賓（間） 賓（直接）Give it to me謂（及物） 賓（直接） 賓（間接）（四）雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)（主語及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語直接賓語 ）1Johnson 先生去年教我們德語。  2. 奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。  3. Mary把錢包交給校長了。 4. 請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎？ 5. 他把車票給列車員看。  五、第五種句型：主語

34、+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語=S+V（及物）+O+OCWe call her Connie.主謂（及物） 賓語 賓補(bǔ)（名詞）1.在某些及物動(dòng)詞后面，需要用一個(gè)賓語再加一個(gè)賓語的補(bǔ)語才能表達(dá)完整的意思，這樣賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語稱為復(fù)合賓語。名詞、形容詞和不定式都可以作為賓語補(bǔ)足語。They made her happy.主 謂（及） 賓 賓補(bǔ)（形容詞）I saw her dance.主 謂 賓語 賓補(bǔ)（不定式）2.常跟復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有： call ,name ,make ,think ,find ,leave.I will make you captain.I found the movie int

35、eresting.He left the window open.（五）復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)（主語及物動(dòng)詞賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語）1我們叫她Alice. 2. 他的父母給他取名為John. 3. 我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠實(shí)的。 4. 他們把門推開了。 5. 他們把小偷釋放了。 6. 我們要使學(xué)校變得更美麗。 Exercise（六）There be 句型1. 今晚沒有會(huì)。 2. 這個(gè)村子過去只有一口井。 3. 這個(gè)學(xué)校有一名音樂老師和一名美術(shù)老師。 4. 客人當(dāng)中有兩名美國人和兩名法國人。 5. 天氣預(yù)報(bào)說下午有大風(fēng)。 6. 燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人。 8. 恰好那時(shí)房里沒人。 9. 從前，在海邊的一個(gè)村子里住著一

36、位老漁夫。 10. 公共汽車來了。 11. 就只剩下二十八美元了。 14. 二月份有二十八天。 15. 最近幾年,這個(gè)村莊發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 16. 恰好河上有座橋。17. 過去這條河上有座橋。 18. 他的回答應(yīng)該沒有什么可懷疑的。 完形填空I can still remember when I met my best friendShe had just moved into the neighborhood and her grandmother brought her down to 1 meI hid behind my motherland she hid behind her g

37、randmother， 3 to look at each otherSoon we lost the 2 and started playing with each otherIn the 7th grade，I first lost touch with herShe was 4 family problems and I deserted her to be with the because they knew she had 5 peopleNone of my new friends liked her as much as I did because they knew she h

38、ad 6 However，every summer we could always sit at each others house and watch soap operas，and talk about all the boys we likedIt was last year when I noticed the problemI guess I was too devoted in high school to 7 she needed someone there for herAnyway，she made a new best friend and so did IThen 1 d

39、idnt know why，but she started cutting herself!She then was diagnosed（診斷）with clinical depressionAt first，1 was very 8 ，but we still stayed in 9 I wanted to be there for her since her new best friend basically 10 her and people were calling her 11 Yesterday she came to me and said：“I never knew what

40、a best friend was until you were the only person that would stop me cuttingI 12 you so much，and you didnt even know you were 13 me”We both criedAnd I guess a kind of 14 from my life so far is never to give up on your friendsEven if they arent as cool as others，or people think they are crazy，they nee

41、d someone thereIf you desert them，you will only be 15 yourself. 1AfollowBmeetCjoinDsupport 2AscaredBannoyedCworriedDdelighted 3AtemperBinterestCconfidenceDshyness 4Ataking upBgetting throughCgoing throughDmaking up 5AhappierBcoolerCstrongerDcleverer 6AproblemsBshortcomingsCpartnersDdisabilities 7AadmitBacceptCconsiderDrealize 8AcalmBconsiderateCupsetDhelpful 9AplaceBtouchCcontrolDmood1