二極管實(shí)驗(yàn)室1性質(zhì)與發(fā)光二極管(Power(精)

1、PASCO scie ntificScie nee Worksho pP hysics Exp erime nt Library: 06020P46 Diodes Lab 1 -Properties & LED s9Vol. 2實(shí)驗(yàn) Ex perime nt P46: Diodes Lab 1-Prop erties &LED s二極管實(shí)驗(yàn)室1 性質(zhì)與發(fā)光二極管（PowerAm plifier, Voltage Sen sor）（功率放大器，電壓傳感器）Concept: semic on ductor概念：半導(dǎo)體Time: 45 mSW In terface: 700Maci ntosh_ f

2、ile: P46 Diodes Lab 1Win dows_file: P46_DIO1.SWSEQU IP MENT NEEDED 所需儀器Scie nee Worksh op In terface Power Amp lifier功率放大器 Voltage Se nsor電壓傳感器 P atch Cords接插線FROM AC/DC ELECTRONICS LAB* 來(lái)自 AC/DC 電子學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室diode,二極管，1N-4007light-emitting diode 發(fā)光二極管（LED）, bi-color 雙色 light-emitting diode 發(fā)光二極管（LED）, gre

3、en綠色 light-emitting diode 發(fā)光二極管（LED）, red紅色 light-emitting diode 發(fā)光二極管（LED）, yellow 黃色 resistor電阻器，1 kilo-ohm 千歐（1 k_） wire lead,引線，5 inch英寸（*The AC/DC Electronics Laboratory is AC/DC 電子學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室是 PASCO EM-8656.）PURPOSEIn this laboratory activity, the prop erties of various type of diodes are inv estigat

4、e（本 實(shí)驗(yàn)將研 究不同型號(hào)的二極管的性質(zhì)。THEORY原理A diode （or p-n jun ctio n rectifier） is an electro nic device which on ly allows curre nt to flow in one directi on through it once a certa in forward voltage is established across it. If the voltage is too low, no curre nt flows through the diode. If the voltage is re

5、versed, no curre nt flows through the diode （except for a very small reverse current）.二極管（或 p-n連接整流器）是這樣的一種 電子裝置，一旦在它兩端施加了某一正向電壓，它就只允許單一方向的電流通過(guò)。如果電 壓太低，則沒(méi)有電流通過(guò)二極管。如果電壓反向，也沒(méi)有電流通過(guò)二極管（除了一個(gè)很小 的反向電流外）。A light-emitt ing diode emits light as curre nt p asses through the diode in the forward directi on. A r

6、ed-gree n diode is actually two diodes conn ected together an ti-p arallel so that the red diode allows curre nt to flow in one directi on and the gree n diode allows curre nt to flow in the opp osite directi on. Thus, if DC (direct curre nt) is app lied to the red-gree n diode, it will be only red

7、or only gree n depending on the po larity of the app lied DC voltage. But if AC (alter nati ng curre nt) is app lied to the red-gree n diode (bi-color LED), the diode will rep eatedly bli nk red the n gree n as the curre nt re peatedly changes directio n發(fā)光二極管在有正向電流通過(guò)它時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)光。紅綠二 極管實(shí)際上是反并聯(lián)連接在一起的兩個(gè)二極管。紅色

8、允許電流沿一個(gè)方向通過(guò)，而綠色允 許電流沿相反的方向通過(guò)。這樣，如果 DC (直流電)施加在紅綠二極管上時(shí)，取決于所施 加的DC電壓的極性，將只有紅色或綠色發(fā)光。但是如果AC (交流電)施加在紅綠二極管(雙色LED)上，由于電流反復(fù)改變方向，二極管將反復(fù)閃爍紅色和綠色。A bi-color LED is an exa mple of a Zener diode. A Zener diode allows curre nt to flow in one directi on whe n the forward voltage is large eno ugh, and it allows cur

9、re nt to flow in the opp osite directi on whe n reversevoltage (called the“ breakdow n ” voltage) is large eno ugh (usually a fewvolts).雙色LED是一個(gè)穩(wěn)壓二極管的例子。當(dāng)正向電壓足夠大時(shí)，穩(wěn)壓二極管允許電流沿一 個(gè)方向通過(guò)；當(dāng)反向電壓(稱為擊穿電壓)足夠大(通常是幾伏)時(shí)，穩(wěn)壓二極管允許電流沿相反的方向通過(guò)。OVERVIEW 概述There are four un its in the Diode Labs. You will comp lete the f

10、irst two un its in Lab 1 (this exp erime nt). You will comp lete Un it Three and Un it Four in Lab 2 (the n ext exp erime nt).二極 管實(shí)驗(yàn)室中有四個(gè)單元。在實(shí)驗(yàn)室1 (本實(shí)驗(yàn))中你將完成前兩個(gè)單元；在實(shí)驗(yàn)室2 (下一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn))中你將完成單元3和單元4。Unit單元Activity實(shí)驗(yàn)On e1 diode prop ertie匸極管的性質(zhì)Two2 LED s and Zener diode發(fā)光二極管LED和穩(wěn)壓二極管Three3rectify a sine wave整 流

11、一個(gè)正弦波Four4 basic power supply基礎(chǔ)電源In the first unit you will inv estigate the gen eral prop erties of a diode. In the sec ond unit you will investigate different types of diodes, including light-emitting diodes (LED s) and a Zener diode. In the third unit you will rectify a sine wave gen erated by th

12、e Po wer Amp lifier. I n the last unit you will set up the basic circuitry for a power supply在第一單元中，你將研究二極管的一般性 質(zhì)。在第二單元中，你將研究不同類(lèi)型的二極管，包括發(fā)光二極管和穩(wěn)壓二極管。在第三 單元中，你將整流一個(gè)由功率放大器產(chǎn)生的正弦波。在最后一單元中，你將為一個(gè)電源設(shè) 置基礎(chǔ)電路。P ROCEDURE: Un it One -Diode Prop erties 步驟：?jiǎn)卧?1 二極管的性質(zhì)P ART I: Comp uter Setup 計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)置dg_1996, PASCO sc

13、ientificP46 - 3PASCO scientificScience Workshop3Vol. 2Physics Experiment Library: 06020P46 Diodes Lab 1 - Properties & LED s1.2.3.4.1.2.3.4.將 ScienceWorkshop 接口連接到計(jì)算機(jī)上，打開(kāi)接口，然后打開(kāi)計(jì)算機(jī)。將一個(gè)電壓傳感器連接到模擬通道 A ，另一個(gè)電壓傳感器連接到模擬通道 B。將功率放大器連接到模擬通道C,將電源插線插入功放的背面，然后把它連接到一個(gè)合 適的插座上。打開(kāi)如下命名的ScienceWorkshop文件:Connect theS

14、cience Workshopinterface to the computer, turn on the interface, and turn on the computer.Connect one Voltage Sensor to Analog Channel A. Connect the second Voltage Sensor to Analog Channel B.Connect the Power Amplifier to Analog Channel C. Plug the power cord into the back of the Power Amplifier an

15、d connect the power cord to an appropriate electrical outlet.Open theScience Workshopdocument titled as shown:Macintosh WindowsP46 Diodes P46_DIOD.SWSThe document opens with a Graph display of Current in milliamperes (mA) versus Voltage (V), and the Signal Generator window which controls the Power A

16、mplifier. The current is a calculation based on the voltage drop across a 1000 ohm resistor (as measured on by the Voltage Sensor connected to Channel B).文件將打開(kāi)并帶電流(mA)電壓圖表顯示和控制功率放大器的信號(hào)發(fā)生器窗口。 電流是根據(jù)一個(gè) 1000歐姆電阻器兩端的電壓 降(即連接通道B的電壓傳感器的測(cè)量值)計(jì)算出來(lái)的。5.6.7.The Sig nal Gen erator is set to out put 5.98 V, up-ra

17、mp AC Waveform, at 2.00 Hz.信號(hào)發(fā) 生器被設(shè)置為輸出5.98V，2.00Hz的向上的AC波形。The Sampling Options_are: Periodic Samples = Fastat 500 Hz, Start Condition = Output at -5.9 V, and Stop Condition = Samplesat 250.Note: For quick reference, see the Experiment Notes window. To bring a display to the top, click on its windo

18、w or select the name of the display from the list at the end of the Display menu. Change the Experiment Setup window by clicking on theZoom box or the Restore button in the upper right hand corner of that window.) 注意:如需快速參考， 請(qǐng)參見(jiàn) 實(shí)驗(yàn) 注釋窗口。欲將一個(gè)顯示圖放至前臺(tái)， 單擊其所在窗口或從顯示器底部的菜單欄中選 擇該顯示圖的名稱。單擊窗口右上角的 擴(kuò)大框或恢復(fù)按鈕來(lái)改變

19、 實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)置 窗口的大 小。Arrange the Graph display and the Signal Generator window so you can see both of them.調(diào)整圖表顯示和信號(hào)發(fā)生器窗口的位置，以便你可以看到它們兩個(gè)。dg_1996, PASCO scientificP46 - 4PASCO scie ntificScie nee Worksho pP hysics Exp erime nt Library: 06020P46 Diodes Lab 1 -Properties & LED s9Vol. 2PART II: Sen sor Calibrat

20、i on and Equipment Set up傳感器校準(zhǔn)和儀器設(shè)置You do not n eed to calibrate the Po wer Amp lifier or Voltage Sen sor.你無(wú)須校準(zhǔn)電壓傳 感器或功率放大器。1.Connect the 1N-4007 diode （black with gray stri pe at one end） betwee n the component spring n ext to the top banana jack and the component spring to the left of the banana j

21、ack. Arrange the diode so the gray stri pe is at the left end 將 1N-4007二極管（黑色一端帶灰 色條紋）連接在上面的香蕉插孔旁邊的組合彈簧和這個(gè)香蕉插孔左邊的組合彈簧之 間。調(diào)整二極管，使灰色條紋在左端。2.Connect the 1 k_ resistor （brow n, black, red） betwee n the component spring n ext to the bottom banana jack and the component spring to the left of the bottom ba

22、nana jac將 1 千 歐姆電阻器（棕色，黑色，紅色）連接在下面的香蕉插孔旁邊的組合彈簧和這個(gè)香蕉 插孔左邊的組合彈簧之間。3.Connect a 5 inch wire lead betwee n the component spring at the left end of the diode and the com ponent spring at the left end of the 1 k_ resisto將一條 5 英寸引線連接在二極管 左端的組合彈簧和1千歐電阻器左端的組合彈簧之間。（See the manual for the diagram.參見(jiàn)手冊(cè)中的圖示）4.Put

23、 alligator cli ps on the banana pl ugs of both voltage sen sors. Connect the alligator cli ps of the Channel A voltage sen sor to the wires at both ends of the diode將鱷魚(yú)夾夾在兩個(gè) 電壓傳感器的香蕉插頭上。將通道A電壓傳感器的鱷魚(yú)夾連接到二極管兩端的引線上。5.Connect the alligator cli ps of the Channel B voltage sen sor to the wires at both end

24、s of the 1 k resistor.將通道B電壓傳感器的鱷魚(yú)夾連接到1千歐電阻器兩端的引線上。channel Achannel Bblac kredblac kredblac kD iode1000reddg_1996, PASCO scientificP46 - 15Po wer Amp lifier6. Connect banana plug p atch cords from the out put of the Po wer Amp lifier to the banana jacks on the AC/DC Electro nics Lab circuit board.將來(lái)

25、自功率放大器輸出端的香蕉插頭 接插線連接到AC/DC電子學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室線路板上的香蕉插孔中。數(shù)據(jù)記錄一一二極管和1千歐電阻器Part III: Data Recordi ng - Diode and 1 k_ Resistor1. Turn on the power switch on the back of the Power Am plifier.打開(kāi)功率放大器背后的電 源開(kāi)關(guān)。2. Click the REC button to begin collecti ng data. The Sig nal Gen erator will start automatically.單擊REC按鈕開(kāi)始收集

26、數(shù)據(jù)。信號(hào)發(fā)生器將自動(dòng)開(kāi)始輸出信號(hào)。Data record ing will end automatically after 250 samples are measured. un #1 will appear in the Data list in the Exp erime nt Setup wi ndow 測(cè)量了 250個(gè)樣品后，數(shù)據(jù)記錄將自動(dòng)停 止。Run #1將出現(xiàn)在實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)置窗口的數(shù)據(jù)列表中。3. Turn off the switch on the back of the Power Am plifier.關(guān)掉功放背面的開(kāi)關(guān)。分析數(shù)據(jù)一一二極管和1千歐電阻ANALYZING TH

27、E DATA: Diode and 1 k Resistor1.2.4.5.Click the Graph dis play to make it active. Click the Autoscalebutt on to resize the Graph to fit the data.單擊圖表顯示使之活動(dòng)。單擊 Autoscaie$鈕來(lái)重新分度圖表以適應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)。The vertical axis shows Curre nt in millia mps based on a calculati on using the voltage drop across the 1 k_ resisto

28、r. The horiz on tal axis shows Voltage across the dio豎軸顯示電流(mA)，電流是根據(jù)1千歐電阻器兩端的電壓降計(jì)算出來(lái)的。橫軸顯示二極管兩端的 電壓。Op ti on al: Select Save As_from the File menu to save your data. SelecP rint Active Display from the File me nu to print the Graph選做：從文件菜單中選擇保存為來(lái)保存你 的數(shù)據(jù)。從文件菜單中選擇打印活動(dòng)顯示來(lái)打印這個(gè)圖表。Click the Magnifier but

29、t on. The cursor cha nges to a magnifying glass sha pe單擊放大鏡 按鈕，光標(biāo)將變成一個(gè)放大鏡的形狀。Use the cursor to click-a nd-draw a recta ngle around the regi on of the p lot of curre nt and voltage where the curre nt begi ns to in crease. Make the recta ngle tall eno ugh so that its upper boundary is beyond 2 milliam

30、p (mA).用光標(biāo)單擊，并圍繞電流電壓曲線中電流開(kāi)始增大的區(qū)域畫(huà)一個(gè)矩形。使矩形足夠高，其上邊界在2mA以上。The Graph will rescale to fit the data in the recta ngular area you selected.表將重新分度 以適應(yīng)你所選擇的矩形中的數(shù)據(jù)。Click the Smart Cursor button.單擊靈敏光標(biāo)按鈕。The cursor cha nges to a cross-hair. The Y-coord in ate of the cross-hair is dis played n ear the vertical

31、 axis. The X-coord in ate of the cross-hair is dis played below the horiz on tal axis.光 標(biāo)將變成一個(gè)十字。光標(biāo)的丫坐標(biāo)將顯示在豎軸的旁邊。光標(biāo)的X坐標(biāo)將顯示在橫軸 的下面。Move the cursor/cross-hair to the point on the plot where the curre nt reaches 2 millia mps. Record the value of the turn-on voltage (X-coord in ate) at 2 mA in the Data

32、Table.將光標(biāo) / 十字移到曲線上電流達(dá)到2mA的那個(gè)點(diǎn)。將2mA處的接通電壓的值(X坐標(biāo))記錄在數(shù)據(jù)表中。PROCEDURE:步驟：Unit Two -Light-Emitting Diodes 單元2發(fā)光二極管P ART I: Comp uter Setup 計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)置? You do not n eed to cha nge the compu ter setu 你無(wú)須改變計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)置。PART II: Sen sor Calibrati on and Equipment Set up傳感器校準(zhǔn)和儀器設(shè)置1. Prepare the red, yellow, and green LED

33、 s by very carefully bending the wire leads so theycan fit in the component springs in p lace of the diode you used in Unit One、心地將紅色、黃色和綠色LED的引線彎曲，以便用它們代替你在單元1中使用的二極管，裝配 到那些組合彈簧中。2.Rep lace the diode from Unit One with the first LED (red). Arrange the first LED so theshort lead (cathode) is to the

34、left.用第一個(gè)LED (紅色)替換單元1中的二極管。調(diào)整第 一個(gè)LED的位置，使短引線(陰極)向左。The wire lead that is conn ected to the cathode of the LED is slightly shorter, and has a beveled shoulder near where the wire enters the LED.接到 LED 陰極上的引線稍微短一 些，并且在引線進(jìn)入LED的地方有一個(gè)傾斜的側(cè)翼。P ART IIIA: Data Recordi ng-Light-Emitt ing Diodes數(shù)據(jù)記錄發(fā)光二極管1.Tur

35、n on the po wer switch on the back of the Po wer AmpI ifier.打開(kāi)功率放大器背后的電 源開(kāi)關(guān)。2.Click the REC butt on to beg in collecti ng data. The Sig nal Gen erator will start automatically.單擊REC按鈕開(kāi)始收集數(shù)據(jù)。信號(hào)發(fā)生器將自動(dòng)開(kāi)始輸出信號(hào)。Data record ing will end automatically after 250 samples are measured. un #2 will appear in the

36、 Data list in the Exp erime nt Setup wi ndow.測(cè)量了 250個(gè)樣品后，數(shù)據(jù)記錄將自動(dòng) 停止。Run #2將出現(xiàn)在實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)置窗口的數(shù)據(jù)列表中。3.Re place the first LED (red) with the next LED (yellow).用第二個(gè) LED (黃色)替換第一 個(gè)LED (紅色)。4.Click the REC button to repeat the data recording procedure單擊 REC 按鈕，重復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)記 錄步驟。5.Rep lace the sec ond LED (yellow) with t

37、he last LED (gree n). Rep eat the data record ing procedure.用最后一個(gè)LED (綠色)替換第二個(gè)LED (黃色)。重復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)記錄步驟。6.Turn off the power switch on the back of the Power Am plifier.關(guān)掉功率放大器背后的電1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.源開(kāi)關(guān)。There should be four runs in the Data list in the Exp erime nt Set up wi ndow.在實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)置窗 口的數(shù)據(jù)列表中應(yīng)該有四次試驗(yàn)。分析數(shù)據(jù)：發(fā)光

38、二極管ANALYZING THE DATA: Light-Emitti ng DiodesOp tio nal: Select Save As_from the File me nu to save your data選做： 從文件菜單中選 擇保存為來(lái)保存你的數(shù)據(jù)。Click the Graph dis play to make it active. The Graph dis play shows the three most rece nt runs of data (one run for each LED).單擊圖表顯示使之活動(dòng)。圖表顯示最近三次試驗(yàn)的 數(shù)據(jù)(每個(gè)LED有一次試驗(yàn))。C

39、lick the Exp eriment menu. SelectRun #2 from the bottom of the Exp erime nt menu.單 擊實(shí)驗(yàn)菜單。從實(shí)驗(yàn)菜單的底部選擇Run #2。The Graph dis play will show only Run #2.圖表將只顯示 Run #2 的數(shù)據(jù)。Click the Autoscalebutt on to resize the Graph to fit the dat 單擊 Autoscald 鈕來(lái)重新分 度圖表以適應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)。.Click the Magnifier butt on. The cursor cha

40、nges to a magnifying glass sha pe單擊放大鏡 按鈕，光標(biāo)將變成一個(gè)放大鏡的形狀。Use the cursor to click-a nd-draw a recta ngle around the regi on of the p lot of curre nt and voltage where the curre nt begi ns to in crease. Make the recta ngle tall eno ugh so that its upper boundary is beyond 2 milliamp (mA).用光標(biāo)單擊，并圍繞電流電壓曲

41、線中電流開(kāi)始增大的區(qū)域畫(huà)一個(gè)矩形。使矩形足夠高，其上邊界在2mA以上。Click the Smart Cursor button.單擊靈敏光標(biāo)按鈕。Move the cursor/cross-hair to the point on the plot where the curre nt reaches 2 millia mps. Record the value of the turn-on voltage (X-coord in ate) at 2 mA in Data Table 1.將光標(biāo) / 十字移到曲線上電流達(dá)到2mA的那個(gè)點(diǎn)。將2mA處的接通電壓的值(X坐標(biāo))記錄在 數(shù)據(jù)表1中。

42、Select Run #3 from the bottom of the Exp erime nt menu. Rep eat the an alysis p rocess for the plot of Current versus Voltage for the second LED.從實(shí)驗(yàn)菜單的底部選擇 Run #3。 對(duì)第二個(gè)LED的電流一一電壓曲線重復(fù)分析過(guò)程。Select Run #4 from the bottom of the Exp erime nt menu. Rep eat the an alysis p rocess for the plot of Current ve

43、rsus Voltage for the last LED.從實(shí)驗(yàn)菜單的底部選擇 Run #4。對(duì)最 后一個(gè)LED的電流一一電壓曲線重復(fù)分析過(guò)程。DATA TABLE 1: Light-Emitti ng Diodes數(shù)據(jù)表 1:發(fā)光二極管Descri ptiorf苗述Voltage電壓（V） at 2 mA1. Diode & 1 k resistor二極管和1千歐電阻器2. Red LED 紅色 LED3. Yellow LED 黃色 LED4. Green LED 綠色 LEDP ART IIIB: Data Recordi ng - Bi-Color Diode 數(shù)據(jù)記錄雙色二極管1.

44、Carefully bend the wire leads of the CLEAR （bi-color） light-emitti ng diode so they can fit in the component springs in p lace of the last diode you used in Part IIIA of this Unit.小心 地將CLEAR （雙色）LED的引線彎曲，以便用它代替你在本單元的 Part IIIA中使用 的二極管，裝配到那些組合彈簧中。2.Rep lace the gree n LED with the bi-color LED. Turn

45、on the po wer switch on the back of the Power Amplifier.用雙色LED替換綠色LED。打開(kāi)功率放大器背后的電源開(kāi)關(guān)。3.Click the REC butt on to beg in collecti ng data. The Sig nal Gen erator will start automatically.單擊REC按鈕開(kāi)始收集數(shù)據(jù)。信號(hào)發(fā)生器將自動(dòng)開(kāi)始輸出信號(hào)。Data record ing will end automatically after 250 samples are measured. un #5 will appe

46、ar in the Data list in the Exp erime nt Setup wi ndow.測(cè)量了 250個(gè)樣品后，數(shù)據(jù)記錄將自動(dòng) 停止。Run #5將出現(xiàn)在實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)置窗口的數(shù)據(jù)列表中。4.Describe the behavior of the bi-color LED duri ng data record ing. Put your observati ons in the Data Table描繪數(shù)據(jù)記錄過(guò)程中雙色LED的行為。將你的觀察結(jié)果記錄在數(shù)據(jù)表 中。5.Turn off the power switch on the back of the Power Am p

47、lifier.關(guān)掉功率放大器背后的電 源開(kāi)關(guān)。ANALYZING THE DATA: Bi-Color LED 分析數(shù)據(jù)：雙色二極管Op tio nal: Select Save As_from the File me nu to save your data.選做： 從文件菜單中選 擇保存為來(lái)保存你的數(shù)據(jù)。1.Select Run #5 from the Exp erime nt menu.從實(shí)驗(yàn)菜單中選擇 Run #5。2.Click the Autoscalebutt on to resize the Graph to fit the data.單擊 Autoscale$ 鈕來(lái)重新3.4

48、.5.6.7.8.9.10.分度圖表以適應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)。Click the Magnifier butt on. The cursor cha nges to a magnifying glass sha pe單擊放大鏡 按鈕，光標(biāo)將變成一個(gè)放大鏡的形狀。Use the cursor to click-a nd-draw a recta ngle around the regi on of the p lot of curre nt and voltage where the curre nt begi ns to in crease on the RIGHT hand part of the pl ot. Make the recta ngle tall eno ugh so that its upper boundary is bey ond 2 millia mp (mA).用光標(biāo)單擊， 并圍繞電流一一電壓曲線右半部分中電流開(kāi)始增大的的區(qū)域畫(huà)一個(gè)矩形。使矩形足夠高，其上邊界在2mA以上。Click the Smart Cursor button.單擊靈敏光標(biāo)按鈕。Move the cursor/cross-hair to the point on the plot where the curre nt reaches