基于教師自主命題的校本研修

1、基于教師自主命題的校本研修松岙初中 英語組 康吉近年來，各種各樣形式的測試層出不窮。有課前十分鐘教師給學(xué)生們測試前幾天是所學(xué)的東西，有單元測試，有月考，期中考，除此之外還有與其他學(xué)校的聯(lián)考。學(xué)生每天都要面對各種形式的測試。不錯測試能幫助學(xué)生診斷和消除學(xué)習(xí)過程中的障礙，也能十分直觀的告訴任課教師的教學(xué)目標(biāo)落實情況和鑒別自己的教學(xué)優(yōu)劣。那么多種形式的測試，試題從哪兒來呢？大多數(shù)的年輕教師都是從網(wǎng)上下載一些試題來給學(xué)生進行測試，這因歸因于我們所處的時代-信息時代。確實，信息時代讓我們有了很好的機會來共享資源，但是也存在著弊端。老師不停得從網(wǎng)是下載，沒有進行刪選就給學(xué)生做，搞題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)。結(jié)果是老師有改不

2、完的卷子，學(xué)生有做不完的作業(yè)，師生都很累。有的甚至連中考題都從網(wǎng)是下載，而期中的一些題目只會誤導(dǎo)學(xué)生對今年中考方向的判斷。所以說，只是一味的“拿來主義”，不僅會助長自己本身的惰性，還會弱化自己的大腦。為了學(xué)生的成長（減輕學(xué)生的課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)），為了學(xué)校的發(fā)展（培養(yǎng)優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生），為了提高自身的素質(zhì)（提高教學(xué)有效性），提高教師的命題能力是必須要做的一件事情。雖然名制一份高質(zhì)量的試題需要 教師付出艱苦的努力，但是作為一個具有高度責(zé)任感和事業(yè)心的教師是絕對不會推脫的。我們教師如何在教學(xué)實踐中進行科學(xué)命題呢？怎樣以科學(xué)的考試為導(dǎo)向激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)熱情？是值得我們教師研究的問題。一、我們認(rèn)為對平時的練習(xí)題，我們要

3、做到這兩點。 首先，重視學(xué)生能力的發(fā)展，歸類所學(xué)的知識點，分類知識點的變化，并按其知識點、語法點、能力點和易錯點進行詳盡的羅列、整理。例如為了使學(xué)生能夠區(qū)別使用冠詞a和an的用法時，我們按照以上原則編寫了以下的練習(xí)題。1. Last Saturday was_usual day, but I had _unusual experience.2. Which country is _ European country do you know?3. Jimmy is _ honest boy, we all like him.4. As _18-year-old girl, she always

4、dreams of a beautiful future.5. There is _"P" and _"n" in the word pollution.這些試題考查了學(xué)生已學(xué)知識很對現(xiàn)有知識的掌握與運用。教師不僅要把握好教材，還要剖析學(xué)生平時學(xué)習(xí)中問題的成因，你們試題是成為反思課堂教學(xué)，修正完善自己教學(xué)行為的重要依據(jù)。所以為了使學(xué)生明白hard，work hard, hard-working,success, successful, successfully, succeed這幾個單詞的詞性和不同的意義，我們又編出了以下試題：1. Harry is a

5、 _boy, he always _.(努力學(xué)習(xí)）.2. Last night, because of the _ rain, I got wet everywhere.(hard). It is raining_, you can't go out without an umbrella.(hard) It is _ for you to understand this sentence.(hard) I can _recognize him, because we haven't seen each other for several years.(hard)The sof

6、a is soft, but the bench is very _(hard).3. Failure is the mother of _.(success) Yang Liwei is a _ astronaut.(success) If you work hard, you will _one day.(success) At last, they climbed the Mount E'mei _.(success) 其次內(nèi)容要科學(xué)，情景要真是，要貼近生活，貼近實際，這樣有利于引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注自然，關(guān)注社會，關(guān)注生活，關(guān)注科技。將基礎(chǔ)知識和技能放在實際問題的背景中去考查，將基礎(chǔ)知識

7、和技能與實際生活相聯(lián)系，有利于學(xué)生人文素養(yǎng)的提升和健康人格的形成，更賦予了學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的熱情。例如我們?yōu)榱遂柟虒W(xué)生（八年級下）對Unit9的閱讀課文單詞的掌握程度，我們組一起設(shè)計了以下題目：1. China has the largest _ now, but I think in the near future Indian will instead of China.(population)2. There are 60 seconds in one minute and four _ in one hour.(quarter)3. Yang Liwei is so _ that we reg

8、ard him as our national hero.(brave)4. -Let me take your _. -Oh, my god, you have a fever,(temperature).5. Jack, a football fan is lying _ for The Football World Cup, because it will start in a few minutes. 二、難度最大，最具有挑戰(zhàn)性的當(dāng)然是中考命題。我們認(rèn)為中考命題要做到以下幾點：1. 精選命題的參考資料（避免師生接觸過的），切記“拿來主義”。首先教師手頭上要有足夠的命題素材。我們平時可以

9、訂購一些關(guān)于英語的雜志、報紙。遇到較短的比較搞笑的或者富有哲理的閱讀文章，我們可以把它修改成為聽力材料。把一些較長的，比較適合學(xué)生閱讀的，惡魔可以進行截取，改為完形填空和閱讀理解。當(dāng)然，其他題型的試題相對來說比較容易出，我們可以用不同的方法進行搜集改編來完成。2. 掌握試題的整體難度。讓基礎(chǔ)題占比較大的比例，試題設(shè)置要形成梯級，先易后難，中等難度，難題的過渡要自然、合理，讓不同層次的學(xué)生都有發(fā)揮的余地。3. 切記知識點的重復(fù)，關(guān)注命題內(nèi)容的嚴(yán)密性。在學(xué)生的平時教輔資料練習(xí)中，甚至在不少測驗考試當(dāng)中常常出現(xiàn)知識考點的多次出現(xiàn)和同一內(nèi)容在不同題型中互為提示，這是命題中的失敗或敗筆，它不僅浪費試題的

10、量，降低試卷的科學(xué)性，更讓學(xué)生接受了欠嚴(yán)密性的思維影響。作為一份中考模擬卷是絕對不能出現(xiàn)這種狀況的，所以命題教師在命題過程中要時時對照自己在命題前所整理教材內(nèi)容的知識點、能力點和考查點，做到隨時發(fā)現(xiàn)和隨時修改。4. 加強學(xué)科知識與社會熱點問題的聯(lián)系。英語復(fù)習(xí)，看涉及到各個社會熱點問題的閱讀和討論。如今年的甲型H1N1病毒、金融危機、明年上海的世博會，還有我們近幾年經(jīng)常要講到的環(huán)境污染等社會現(xiàn)象。當(dāng)然，由于初中階段所學(xué)的詞匯量的限制，不可能充分表達或討論社會熱點問題，但具有時代氣息的內(nèi)容，會激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的熱情，啟迪他們的思維。5. 最后要把好審題這一關(guān)。命題教師在初次命題完成后，先自己作為一般學(xué)

11、生的身份親自做一遍試題，檢查所用的時間，檢查知識面覆蓋和知識結(jié)構(gòu)的科學(xué)性，關(guān)注有否遺漏和錯誤之處，并作出必要的修正。畢竟自己命題主觀性比較強，知識面也不夠廣泛，命題人還可以邀請其他同學(xué)科的教師做一遍試題，然后聽取他人的意見和建議，合作出試題相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。下面是我們組自制的一份中考模擬卷：2009年初中英語學(xué)業(yè)考試英語模擬試卷1、 聽力部分（ 計20分）.聽小對話，選擇圖片（共5小題：每小題1分，滿分5分）1. What time does the class begin?2. What's the weather like tomorrow?3. What do they often d

12、o after school?4. What is Damings favourites animal? A B. C.5. What sign are they talking about?. A. B. C. 聽小對話，回答問題（共5小題：每小題1分，滿分5分）( )6.What class is Mary in? A Class 4 B Class 3 C Class 2( )7.What will Kelly do this afternoon? A She will go swimming B She will watch TV C She will do her homework(

13、 )8.Whose is the bike? A Bruce's B Peter's C David's ( )9.Where are they talking? A In a school B In a shop C In a hospital ( )10.What did the boy do yesterday evening? A To see Miss Liu B To see a friend C To buy some books . 聽長對話，回答問題（共5小題：每小題1分，滿分5分）聽下面一段較長的對話，回答第11至第12兩小題。( )11.Where

14、 is Mr Brown now? A In England B In his school C In Beijing ( )12.When will Mr Brown come back? A Next Monday B Next Wednesday C Next Tuesday 聽下面一段較長的對話，回答13至15三小題( )13.Who looks worried? A Bill B Kate C Lucy( )14.How many children does Kate have?A One B Two C Three( )15.How old is Lucy?A Three B Fo

15、ur C Five .短文理解，回答問題（共5小題：每小題1 分，滿分5 分）( )16The owner of the shop asked _dollars for the watch. A. 500 B. 250 C. 100 ( )17. The American paid_ dollars for the watch. A. 10 B. 50 C. 100 ( )18. Who is foolish? A. The young man B. The rich man C. The shop owner ( )19. Which of the following is TRUE?A.T

16、he young man liked the nice watch very much, too.B.The rich man didnt see the young man stealing the watch at all. C. The rich American was very happy to buy the stolen watch.( )20. The best title for the reading should be_. A. A Rich American B. Young Man C. The Stolen Watch 2、 筆試部分（ 計90 分）.選擇填空（共1

17、5小題：每小題1 分，滿分15 分） 從A、 B、C、D 四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的正確答案。( )21.What _fine weather! -Yes, isn't it!A a B the C / D an( )22.Henry, don't spend too much time _ TV. You'd better do your homework.A watching B to watch C on watching D watched( )23.What are you supposed_when you meet a foreign guest i

18、n our school?A do B to do C doing D done( )24-What do you think of the story the teacher told us just now? -I find it quite _. A boring B bored C be boring D to be bore( )25.We _swim in the lake when we were children. A use to B use C used to D are use to ( )26.She can't dance _ the music by now

19、. A to B with C in D along( )27.When I got home, I realized I _my keys in the backpack.A forgot B had forgotten C have left D had left( )28.If I _ your place, I _ think differently.A am, will B was, will C were, would D am, would( )29.Tigers and cats _ the same family of beasts.A belong B belongs to

20、 C belong to D belongs( )30.Tom, please help me _ the picture on the wall.A put off B put away C put up D put down( )31.A talk on Chinese history _ in our school next week.A be given B has been given C will be given D will give( )32.Would you mind if I sit down here? -_. Do sit down.A Yes, please B

21、No, you can't. C Of course D Not at all( )33.Do you mean the one _ was bought yesterday?A which B that C who D whose( )34.-Do you know what is in the box? -Oh, there is nothing in it _ a new pen.A except B with C between D towards( )35.He really doesn't know _ .A what to do B how to do C to

22、do what D how can I do .完型填空（共15小題：每小題1 分，滿分15 分） 閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從 A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的正確答案。 I am a newspaperman. I don't have much money,_36_ I meet a lot of interesting people. Some are rich; others are poor. I like my job very much and I'm good at it. I don't talk a lot , but I'

23、;m a good _37_. Perhaps I am the best listener in the city, and I am getting a lot of _38_. Let me give you _39_of how I got to talk. I was writing an article about _40_ in the city, how they live, _41_ they do, and so on. So yesterday afternoon I went to the park, sat on a beach _42_ the sun and wa

24、ited. Soon an old woman cane and sat near to me. She was carrying two large paper bags and an old handbag. I sat quietly beside her about ten minutes, and_43_ I took out some chocolate and gave her a piece. After that, she _44_ me about herself. She didn't have a _45_. She and two friends slept

25、in the bus station. On warm days she came to the park _46_ her few clothes and things in two paper bags. Later we went to an eating place and asked _47_a cup of coffee and _48_ to eat, I paid, of course. I asked her a few questions about TV and films that she was _49_. I gave her a dollar. Then , I

26、_50_ her in the park, went down to the office, and wrote the story for my article.( ) 36. A because B but C so D if( ) 37.A writer B reader C listener D learner( ) 38.A money B news C things D time( ) 39.A a story B an example C a place D news( ) 40.A young girls B young people C old people D old me

27、n( ) 41.A how B what C when D why( ) 42.A in B under C below D down( ) 43.A when B after C then D so( ) 44.A spoke B said C talked D told( ) 45. A work B friend C home D job( ) 46.Ato wear B to put on C with D to dress( ) 47.A to B with C at D for( ) 48.A something B nothing C everything Danything(

28、)49.A pleased with B interested in C angry with D surprised ( ) 50.A left B carried C brought D took.閱讀理解（共15小題： 5155每小題1分，56-65每小題2分，滿分25分） 閱讀下面短文，并做短文后面的題目，從A、B、C、D 四個選項中，選出能回答所提問題或完成所給句子的最佳答案。 (A) One winter afternoon, a little mouse went out for a walk, suddenly the little mouse saw a hole. He t

29、hought is must be his friends'. So he went into it. To his surprise , it wasn't a mouse's house, but a snake's. Several snakes were sleeping there. When they saw the little mouse, they didn't catch him and went on sleeping. The little mouse was afraid and ran away. After he got h

30、ome, he told his mother the whole thing. His mother said, “Never mind. Don't be afraid. They are our enemies(敵人), but they can't catch you now. It's time for winter sleep. During winter sleep, snakes never harm anyone.” ( ) 51.The hole _.A was a mouse's house B wasn't a big one C

31、 was a snake's house D was a good place( ) 52. The snakes _.A were sleeping then B were afraid of the little mouseC caught the little mouse D didn't see the little mouse( ) 53. The mouse's mother _.A was afraid of the snakes at this timeB didn't know that the snakes were doingC said

32、that the snakes were their enemiesD wanted to sleep, too( ) 54.A snake _ during winter sleep.A often harms mice B sometimes catch miceC often wakes up D never harms anyone( ) 55.This story happened _.A on a hill B in a forest C on a winter morning D on a winter afternoon(B)World Laughter Day was sta

33、rted in Mumbai, India in 1998 by Dr Madan Kataria, organizer of the worldwide Laughter Yoga activity.The celebration of World Laughter Day is for world peace and is a plan to make good friends through laughter. Now more and more people are joining the Laughter Yoga movement. On the 9th of January, 2

34、000, more than 10, 000 people gathered in Denmark to celebrate the first World Laughter Day. It was very successful.World Laughter Day is now celebrated on the first Sunday of May every year. Hundreds of people all over the world laugh together on that day. No one thinks that laughing doesn't ma

35、ke us feel good.Today, some people in the world still face war( 戰(zhàn)爭). Laughter is a good way to deal with world problems. When different groups laugh together, they can get along better. Many difficult problems can become easier to solve if people feel good.Laughter is a world language, which is the

36、same in every country. We should believe that only laughter can bring the world together and help people become good friends.The famous writer, Mark Twain said, " Mankind has only one really effective weapon ( 武器) , and that is laughter. "( )56 World Laughter Day was started_.A. in 1998 B.

37、 in 2000 C. in America D. in China( )57. The celebration of the first World Laughter Day was held_. A. in India B. in Denmark C. in Mumbai D. by Mark Twain( )58. The meaning of the underlined sentence is_.A. laughing doesn't make us feel goodB. laughter makes us feel happyC. nobody thinks it is

38、good to laughD. everyone thinks laughing together makes us feel sad ( )59.Which of the following sentences are True? A Now, it is peace all over the world because of World Laughte Day B Laughter is only for people who want to be happy C Many difficult problems can become easier to solve if you make

39、others laugh D Mark Twain didn't like laugh( )60. What's the best title of the passage?A. The celebration of World Laughter Day B. B. Successful LaughterC. The first World Laughter Day D. World Laughter Day (C) Doctors have studied sleep for many years. It is said that a lot happens when peo

40、ple sleep. It is reported that people have five stages(階段）of sleep and that people may go through each stage about every 90 minutes. During the first two stages, you sleep lightly. That is, if someone calls you or puts his hands on you, you wake up quickly. Your body rests quietly your heart beats s

41、lowly. You breathe more slowly than when you are awake. During stages three and four, you sleep deeply. You don't hear sounds. Lights don't wake you up, your heart beats more slowly than in stage one and two. The last stage of sleep is called Rapid Eye Movement. During REM sleep, you breathe

42、 faster, and your heart beats faster than in stage one through four. Your eyes move rapidly(快速地）under your eyelids(眼皮). All of this happens because you are dreaming. What doctors have proved(證明) is that everyone dreams.( )61.The best title for this passage is _.A How to Sleep B What Is REM SleepC Fi

43、ve Stages of Sleep D The Importance of Sleep( )62.During stages one and two,_.A we wake up easily B we don't want to wake upC we breathe quickly D we don't wake up easily( ) 63.The Rapid Eye Movement shows that _.A we want to wake up B we can hear someone callingC our eyes are under the eyel

44、ids D we are dreaming( )64.When we sleep deeply, _.A we can hardly breathe B we can hear soundsC our hearts beat faster and faster D neither sounds nor lights can wake us easily( ) 65.Which of the following is TRUE?A Five stages of sleep usually takes 90 minutesB Your eyelids sometimes open during R

45、EM sleepC Sometimes we may go from the last stage of sleep to the first D It is proved that we all dream during sleep.單詞拼寫（共10小題：每小題1 分，滿分10 分） (A) 根據(jù)下列句子及所給漢語注釋，寫出空缺處單詞的正確形式，每空一詞。66.He is so kind that he always _(提供）to help others.67.I can't find my watch though I've looked for it _(到處).68.

46、John is_(幸運) enough to be chosen for the school football team.69.My _(愛好）are reading, singing and dancing.70.The glasses he _(戴）a moment ago are broken. He needs a new pair. (B)在下列各句的每個空格內(nèi)填上一個適當(dāng)?shù)耐暾膯卧~，該詞的首字母已給。71.S_ is the ninth month of the year.72.When Li Lei was six years old, he taught h_.73.Eng

47、lish people often begin their talks with w_. So when you meet someone in England , you can say. " It's a fine day, isn't it?"74.The house with a garden is so expensive that they can't a _ it.75.The Yellow River, the second l_ river in China, has watered some of the oldest farms

48、 on earth.補全對話（共5小題：每小題1 分，滿分5 分） 根據(jù)對話的語境，在下列七個選項選出五個句子，使對話意義完整。（It's Saturday. LiLei and WuPeng are talking about what they are going to do tomorrow)L: It's Sunday tomorrow. _76_W: Oh, I'm going to watch a football match. It's between Korean and China.L: Wonderful! I really hope we&

49、#39;ll win this game. _77_.W: At 3 o'clock in the afternoon. I have two tickets here. I can let you have one . 78 L:Of course I do, but I can't. We are going to have basketball match tomorrow afternoon.W: What's a pity! 79 L: A team from No.2 Middle School.W: 80 .L: In our school.W: Good

50、 luck to you and your team, then.L: Thank you. See you later.W: See you.A It's a wonderful chance. B Who are you going to play with?C You want to go, don't you? D Where are you going to play?E What do you think? F What time is it going to be?G What are you going to do?. 任務(wù)型閱讀（共5小題：每小題1 分，滿分5 分）Ladies and gentlemen,We are going to visit the biggest science museum in LondonCi