定語(yǔ)從句AttributiveClauses在句中做定語(yǔ)修飾一個(gè)名

1、定語(yǔ)從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被 修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞或句子即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由 關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。關(guān)系代詞有： who, whom, whose, that, whicl等。 關(guān)系畐【J詞有： when, where, why等。第一部分：關(guān)系丁I關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行迥是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、(賓語(yǔ))、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù) 要和先行詞保持一致。1) who, whom, that這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從

2、句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see vou?who/that 在從句中作主語(yǔ)) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday/ whom/that 在從句中作賓語(yǔ))2) whose用來(lái)指人或物，(只用作定語(yǔ),若指物，它還可以同 of which互換)。 例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down人車(chē)壞了，大家 都跑過(guò)去幫忙。Please pass me the book whos( of which) cover is

3、green.= the cover of which is green.3) which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ) 等。例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ))The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你 拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)II.

4、 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。1)關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和" 介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如：There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈 服的時(shí)候。Beijing is the place where( in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he re

5、fused our offer(結(jié)果)? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？III. 判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞一關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分 ，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)， 選擇關(guān)系代詞(who, whom, that, which, whose； 先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 （where地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why原因狀語(yǔ)）判斷 改錯(cuò)：（錯(cuò)） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（對(duì)） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last yea

6、r.（錯(cuò)） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（對(duì)） I'll never forget the days （ which） I spent in the countryside.1. Is this museumyou visited a few days age?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one2. Is this the museumthe exhibition was held.A. where B. that C. on which D. th

7、e one第二部分：定語(yǔ)從句類(lèi)型I 限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句_1）定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的 部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明， 去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。例如：This is the house which we bought last month.這是我們上個(gè)月買(mǎi)的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nic這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上 個(gè)月買(mǎi)的。（非限制性）2）當(dāng)先行詞是專(zhuān)有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定

8、語(yǔ)從句通 常是非限制性的。例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.3） I非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞，對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾，這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，并且關(guān)系詞不能省略。例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant,

9、 which greatly upsets me他 似乎沒(méi) 抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation液 態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這 就叫做蒸發(fā)。說(shuō)明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。第三部分.介詞+關(guān)系詞介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略，無(wú)論做從句中的任何成分。介詞后不能用that。某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的 "介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞 when ，where，why 互換。例如:This is the house in which I live

10、d two years ago.= This is the house where Ilived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? =Do you remember the day when you joined our club?第四部分：兩大區(qū)別I. as, which引導(dǎo)非限制定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別A. as的用法：通常代指整個(gè)主句，表示的意思是正如正象其引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ) 從句即可以放在主句之前也可以放在主句之后。1. The Pacific is the largest ocean, as we

11、all know. 正如我們所知到的，太平 洋是最大的洋（引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的as在從句中做know的賓語(yǔ)，其代指整個(gè)主句）。2. As we expect, we won the game.正如我們預(yù)料的一樣，我們贏了（引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的as在從句中做主語(yǔ)，其代指整個(gè)主句。從句在主句的前面B. which的用法：可代指單個(gè)人或物。當(dāng)代指整個(gè)主句時(shí)表示的意思是主句 和從句之間是因果關(guān)系即因?yàn)樗?。其引?dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主 _ 句之后。1. The house, which we bought last month, is very nic這.幢房子很漂亮，是我們 上個(gè)月買(mǎi)的。W

12、hich引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句在從句中做賓語(yǔ)，其代指主句的主語(yǔ)the house2. The road was too slippery, which caused lots of acciden路太滑了，以至于弓丨 起了很多事故。Which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句在從句中做主語(yǔ)，其代指整個(gè)主句，主從句的 關(guān)系是因果關(guān)系，因?yàn)槁坊猿鍪?。C. 句型as通常和such the same連用，代指物在從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) 區(qū)別：This is_ the same pen as I bought yesterday 這種筆和我昨天買(mǎi)的筆一樣（同樣的但不是同一個(gè)）This is the same pe

13、n that I used yesterday.這就是昨天我使用的那一支鋼筆（指的是同一個(gè)）。 典型例題：用 which和as來(lái)完成下列習(xí)題1）Alice received an invitation from her boss,came as a surprise.2）I want to have such a dictionaryhe has.3）The earth is round,we all know.II .關(guān)系代詞that與其它代詞的區(qū)別A不用that的情況a) 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。例如：(錯(cuò))The tree, that is four hundred years old,

14、 is very famous here.b) 介詞后不能用。例如：We depend on the land from which we get our food.我們依賴土地獲 得食物。We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.B只能用that作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況a) 在不定代詞，女口： anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little 等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。c) 先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)b) 先行詞有the only, the ver

15、y修飾時(shí)，只用that。d) 先行詞有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，只用that。.e ) 當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)。如：Who is the man that is standing by the gate?站在門(mén)口的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)？ Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?哪件 T 恤衫最合我的身？ All that is needed is a supply of oil 所需的只是供油問(wèn)題。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police 那賊

16、最終把 偷的全部東西交給了警察。第五部分：特另魄廠u主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)一致 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與先行詞保持一致。例如：1. The boy who ® standing at the door is my son.2. This is one of the best boQks tharhve ever been written on the subject.3. This is the only one of the best books that has ever been written on the subject.2 在 one of the +應(yīng) the way

17、做先行詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句可由that, in which引導(dǎo)或不用引導(dǎo)詞The way in which/that/ ( ) you speak to your parents is not polite.第六部分：練廠改錯(cuò)1. Can you think of anyone who' s house is on a pile of rocks?2. The house stood at the place which the roads meet.3. This was the plan to which he insisted.4. The girl studies music pla

18、ys the violin very well.5. The book that I borrowed it from the library is well written.6. This is the girl who practice playing the piano everyday.7. The person whom you want to see comes.8. The day which I was to start arrived at last.9. The watch which her mother gave it to her works very well.10

19、. This is the shop which keep open till eleven at night.11. Is she the girl who her grandfather was a Red Army man?12. I have known the reason which she is so worried.13. The house in where we live is very large.14 The street which lead us to the Beijing Station is wide and long.15. Do you know the

20、driver whom caused the traffic accident where a man was killed?16. Has she returned you the novel that you lent it to her last Friday?17. This is the one hundredth letter which she has received from that boy.18. We shall visit the university where my father teaches there.單選A1. have plenty of money w

21、ill help their friends.A. Those who B He who C. That who D. You who2. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play , of course,made theothers unhappyA. who B. which C. this D. that3. This is the longest trainI have ever seen.A. which B. that C. what D. whom4. The radio setlast week has

22、 gone wrong.A.I bought it B. which I bought it C.I bought D. what I bought5. The weather turned out to be very good,was more than we couldexpectA. what B. which C. that D. it6. we all know, swimming is a very good sport.A. Which B. That C. As D. Who7. Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts whoin C

23、hina.A. works B. is working C. are working D. has been working8. They talked for about an hour of things and personsthey remembered inthe school.A. which B. that C. who D. whom9. My glasses,I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.A. which B. with which C. without which D. that10. He is

24、a man of great experience,much can be learned.A. who B. from him C. from whom D. whom11. A harvester is a machinewe harvest crops or a personis harvesting.A. which, who B. that, that C. with which, who D. /, that12. I have bought the same dress she is wearing.A. as B. that C. which D. what13. Chapin

25、, money was now no problem, start a new film company withhis friends.A. whose B. which C. for whom D. who14. The house there is a big tree was built more than 1000 years ago.A. which B. that C. in the front of which D. in front of which15. Antarctic, we know very little, is covered with thick ice al

26、l the yearround.A. which B. where C. that D. about which16. It was a meeting importance I didn' t realize at that time.A. which B. of which C. where D. whose17. All the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigs.A. those B. that C. which D. what18. is known to everybody，the moon travels round the

27、 earth once everymonthAIt BAs CThat DWhat19. Did you see the man ?A.I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just nowC. whom I nodded to him D. whom I nodded to just now20. I, _ your good friend, will try my best to help you.A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is21. -How do you like the book?-It '

28、s quite different from I read last month.A. that B. which C. the one what D. the one22. I ' ll tell you _ he told me last week.A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all23. Willma became the first American woman to win three Olympic gold medals in track, made her mother very happy.A. it B. that

29、 C. which D. this24. She heard a terrible noise, brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that25. His parents wouldn ' t let him marry anyone family was poor.A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose26. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. w

30、hat B. which C. that D. it27. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. where C. that D. when28 .This is Mr Smith, I think has something interesting to tell you.A . who B whom C. that D. /B1. Please put the letter he can easily find it.A.

31、 in which B. where C. the place where D. in the place2. They have decided to stay at home, , I think, _ a wise choice.A. which, are B. which, is C. that, are D. that, is3It is the young man looked for caught the murderer.A. that whoB. that theyC . they thaD they which4Is this factory we visited last year?A. where B in which C the one D at which5.Is this the factory we visited la