添加不同抗生素及其替代物對白肉雞生長性能及腸道性狀之影響

1、添加不同抗生素及其替代物對白肉雞生長性能及腸道性狀之影響Effect of Antibacterial Growth Promoters and Antibiotic-free Alternatives on Growth Performances and Intestinal Properties of Broilers研究生：蔡豐懋 Feng-Mao Tsai指導教授：謝豪晃 How-Hong Hsieh 余 祺 Chi Yu【摘要】本研究主要探討飼糧中添加不同抗生素及其替代物對肉雞生長性能及腸道性狀之影響。試驗一選用160隻一日齡愛拔益加肉雛雞，採4處理2重複之試驗設計，每欄為20隻。4

2、個處理組分別為：對照組（基礎飼糧）及基礎飼糧分別添加55 ppm羥四環(huán)黴素（oxytetracycline, OTC）、55 ppm枯草菌素（bacitracin）及2.5 ppm六肽黴素（nosiheptide, NHT）。試驗二使用300隻一日齡愛拔益加肉雛雞，採6處理2重複之試驗設計，每欄為25隻。6個處理組分別為：對照組（基礎飼糧）及基礎飼糧分別添加55 ppm羥四環(huán)黴素、55 ppm枯草菌素、2.5 ppm六肽黴素、0.2松樹素（poly-electrolyte oxygen detoxifier, POD）及0.2松樹素50 ppm枯草桿菌益生菌（B. subtilis C-310

3、2, 11010 CFU/g）。飼糧及飲水皆採任食。於21及42日齡，雞隻個別稱重，同時記錄每欄之飼料消耗量；每處理組逢機選取4隻雞犧牲後，採集腸道內(nèi)容物進行腸球菌屬、大腸桿菌群與乳酸桿菌屬之檢測；並收集空腸進行雙醣酶活性之檢測，及絨毛高度與腺窩深度之量測。試驗一結(jié)果顯示，於21日齡，以添加NHT組雞隻之體重、體增重及日增重，顯著優(yōu)於其他各處理組。在42日齡時，以添加OTC組雞隻之體重、體增重及日增重，顯著高於對照組，且除了添加bacitracin組外，其他各處理組較對照組改善體增重6-9。飼料轉(zhuǎn)換率（F/G）於0-42日齡，則是以添加NHT組優(yōu)於其他各處理組，且除了添加bacitracin組

4、外，其他各處理組較對照組改善飼料轉(zhuǎn)換率2-6。在菌相方面，空、直腸內(nèi)腸球菌屬、大腸桿菌群及乳酸桿菌屬之數(shù)量，在42日齡，皆以添加OTC組為最低。於42日齡時，NHT組雞隻空腸內(nèi)蔗醣酶之活性顯著高於對照組（97.37 vs. 72.56 u/g protein），添加OTC、bacitracin及NHT組顯著提高空腸內(nèi)麥芽醣酶之活性。在腸道組織型態(tài)方面，於42日齡之空腸絨毛高度與腺窩深度，以添加bacitracin組（1342.81 m）顯著高於對照組（1050.29 m），絨毛高度與腺窩深度比值則以添加NHT組為最高（P0.05），另外在42日齡時，添加OTC、bacitracin及NHT組可

5、增加迴腸絨毛高度及絨毛高度與腺窩深度之比值，腺窩深度則以添加OTC及bacitracin組顯著低於對照組。試驗二結(jié)果顯示，於21日齡，以添加NHT組之體重、體增重及日增重，顯著優(yōu)於對照組，在42日齡，以添加POD組得到較佳之體重、體增重及日增重，飼料轉(zhuǎn)換率（F/G），各處理組均可較對照組改善1-2。在菌相方面，空腸內(nèi)腸球菌之數(shù)量，於42日齡時，各處理組均較對照組低，大腸桿菌群之數(shù)量以添加OTC及POD組最低。直腸內(nèi)腸球菌屬之數(shù)量，於42日齡時，以添加bacitracin和OTC組顯著較對照組降低（6.27、6.41 vs. 7.65 Log cfu/g DM），以添加OTC組之大腸桿菌群之數(shù)量

6、顯著最低。在腸道酵素方面，於42日齡時，飼糧中添加POD + B. subtilis C-3102、NHT及POD組雞隻空腸內(nèi)蔗醣酶之活性顯著高於對照組，麥芽醣酶之活性則以添加POD組顯著最高。綜合生長性能與腸道性狀結(jié)果評估，飼糧中添加非抗生素生長促進劑（松樹素及B. subtilis C-3102），對白肉雞有正面之效益，可得到與添加抗生素作為生長促進劑有相似之效果，因此，具有可開發(fā)成為非抗生素類生長促進劑的潛力。關鍵字：白肉雞、抗生素、生長性能、腸道性狀【Abstract】The objectives of this study were to understand the effects

7、 of antibiotics（oxytetracycline, bacitracin, nosiheptide）and antibiotic-free alternatives（POD, poly-electrolyte oxygen detoxifier and Bacillus subtilis C-3102）supplementation on growth performance, gut microflora, jejunal enzymes activity, and morphology of the jejunal and ileal mucosa of broilers.

8、In Exp.1, one hundard sixty day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted into 4 treatments 2 replicates with 20 birds in each pen. The 4 treatments were: basal diet (control), and incorporated with 55 ppm oxytetracycline, 55 ppm bacitracin, and 2.5 ppm nosiheptide. Exp. 2, three hundred day-o

9、ld Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted into 6 treatments 2 replicates with 25 birds in each pen. The 6 treatments were: basal diet (control), and incorporated with 55 ppm oxytetracycline, 55 ppm bacitracin, 2.5 ppm nosiheptide, 0.2 POD, and 0.2 POD50 ppm B. subtilis. Feed and water were prov

10、ided ad libitum. Birds were weighed individually at 21and 42 days of age, feed consumption, and mortality were recorded. Four birds were randomly selected from each treatment at 21 snd 42 days of age for gut microflora, jejunal enzyme activities, and morphology of the ileal and jejunal mucosa test.

11、The results in Exp. 1 and Exp. 2 showed that body weight, body weight gain, and average daily gain were improved by 6-9 and 3-8%, feed comsupation were increased by 1-6 and 2-6, feed conversion ratio were improved by 2-6 and 1-2% when antibiotics and antibiotic-free alternatives were incorporated in

12、to the diets, as compared to the control group. Mortality was not different among all treatment groups . Combination of the Exp. 1 and Exp. 2 results showed that the number of enteroccoci in the jejunum and rectum were significantly lowered at 42 days of age when oxytetracycline and bacitracin were

13、supplemented, however in coliforms the oxytetracycline, bacitracin, POD adding groups had lower counts. The lactobacilli counts in the jejunum and rectum were higher when bacitracin, nosiheptide, POD and POD+ B. subtilis were supplemented in the diets as compared to the oxytetracycline group. The ac

14、tivities of sucrase and maltase in jejunum were higher in all treatment groups than in control group at 42 days of age. In Exp. 1, the results showed that the bacitracin and nosiheptide groups had higher jejunal villus height than control groups at 42 days of age, while in Exp. 2, the POD group had

15、significantly higher villus height than control groups at 42 days of age. In Exp. 1, oxytetracycline, nosiheptide and control groups had significantly lower crypt depth of jejumun than bacitracin group at 42 days of age, but in Exp. 2 the crypt depth of jejumun in bacitracin and POD+ B. subtilis gro

16、ups were significantly lower than control group at 42 days of age. Ileal villus height were significantly higher in all treatment groups than control, besides nosiheptide group. The crypt depth in oxytetracycline and bacitracin groups wrer significantly lower than control groups at 42 days of age. Both of the jejunal and ileal villus height/crypt depth ratio were significantly higher in all groups than control at 42 days of age. Base on the results of growth performance and intestinal properties showed that the POD and POD+ B. subtilis groups appeared positive e