第七講：7B 狀語從句 牛津上海版英語暑期講義（七升八）

1、教師姓名學(xué)生姓名年 級(jí)上課時(shí)間學(xué) 科英語課題名稱7B 狀語從句 一、知識(shí)梳理Step 1狀語從句考點(diǎn)介紹狀語從句屬于復(fù)合句，是中考的考點(diǎn)。狀語從句中?？嫉氖菚r(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句。狀語從句分九類：從句種類主要從屬連詞 1時(shí)間狀語從句 when, while, as, before, after, until, till, whenever 2條件狀語從句 if, unless 3原因狀語從句 because, as, since狀語從句詳細(xì)講解時(shí)間狀語從句3.1時(shí)間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。連接時(shí)間狀語從句的連接詞有：when(當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候)，while（當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候），as(當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候)，on

2、ce( 一旦)，till( until)（一直到，直到才），by the time(到時(shí))，as soon as（一就）the moment(一就)since(自從 )before(在前)after(左后)3.2when，while，as均可表示“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”。 when強(qiáng)調(diào)“特定時(shí)間”，表示主句謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作與從句謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，或從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句的動(dòng)作之前；while表示的時(shí)間是一段，而不是一點(diǎn)，as多用在口語中，強(qiáng)調(diào)“同一時(shí)間”或“一前一后”，有時(shí)還有“隨著”的含義。 I'll go on with the work whencome back tomorrow我明

3、天回來后會(huì)繼續(xù)做我的工作。 When spring came, he felt like a trip.春天來了，他想去旅游。 When he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring.(強(qiáng)調(diào)吃飯的時(shí)候）。 While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring.（強(qiáng)調(diào)吃飯的過程中） While I was studying, you fell asleep.當(dāng)我學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候，你睡著了。 Just as he was speaking, there was a lo

4、ud explosion.正當(dāng)他要說話時(shí)，傳來很大的爆炸聲。 As I was going out, it began to rain.（強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作先后發(fā)生） As spring warms the good earth，all flowers begin to bloom(as有“隨著”的含義)3.3tilluntil，表示“一直到”，主從句都用肯定式；表示“直到才”，主句否定，從句肯定。 He worked until it was dark. 他一直工作到天黑。 He did not get up till his mother came in. 一直到母親進(jìn)來他才起床。3.4once

5、“一旦”，by the time“到時(shí)”。 Once you see her, you will find what I said is true. 一旦你見到她就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)我說的是對(duì)的。 Once (it is）published, this book will be very popular. 一旦出版，這本書會(huì)大受歡迎。 by the time+現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用將來完成時(shí)。 By the time he arrives, we will already have left here. 等他到達(dá)時(shí)，我們將已離開這兒了。 by the time+一般過去時(shí)，主句用過去完成時(shí)。 By the tim

6、e he arrived, we had already left here.他到達(dá)的時(shí)候我們?cè)缫央x開這兒了。3.5as soon as，the moment表示從句動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句動(dòng)作隨即發(fā)生，通常譯為“一就”。 As soon as I finish the work, I'll go to see you. 我一完成工作就會(huì)來看你。 I shall come as soon as I've finished my supper. 我一吃完晚飯就來。 She came to the scene the moment she heard the news.她一聽到消息就來到現(xiàn)

7、場(chǎng)。3.6since“自從”， before“在前”，after“在后”，It was not long before意為“不久”。 since引導(dǎo)從句用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或“過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)”或“過去時(shí)間段+ago”，主句用完成時(shí)態(tài)。 Since he graduated, he has worked in this city. 他畢業(yè)后一直在這個(gè)城市工作。 I haven't seen him since last year/ three years ago. 去年以來/3年來，我沒見過他。 He handed in his paper before the bell rang. 他在鈴響前交

8、了卷子。 It was not long before he came back. 不久他就回來了。 I wrote back to him three days after I got his letter. 我接到他信3天后就給他回信了。條件狀語從句【經(jīng)典剖析】1條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞有： if 如果；unless除非，如果不；on condition that條件是；as long as只要 2表示正面的條件用if“如果”。 If you don't look after young trees, they will die very quick

9、ly. 如果你不好好照看小樹苗，它們就會(huì)很快死去。 If the museum charges for entry, a lot of people won't be able to visit it. 如果進(jìn)入博物館要收費(fèi)，許多人就參觀不成了。3表示否定的條件用unless( =if.not)“除非，如果不”。 I shall not go to the cinema unless I finish my homework before eight. 我不會(huì)去看電影，除非我能在8點(diǎn)前完成作業(yè)。 說明：ifnot?？梢杂胾nless替代。 If you dont study hard,

10、 you will fail in the exam. You will fail in the exam unless you study hard.4表示使某事成為現(xiàn)實(shí)必要的條件用on condition that“條件是”，as long as 只要”。 You may go swimming on condition that you don't swim too far away from the river bank.你可以去游泳，條件是你不能游得離河岸太遠(yuǎn)。 As long as you keep on trying, you will surely succeed. 只

11、要你繼續(xù)嘗試就一定能成功。 因此，我們不能說： As long as you don't study hard, you will fail in the exam.5祈使結(jié)構(gòu)表?xiàng)l件。 前半部分的祈使結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于if條件句，可用動(dòng)詞或名詞開頭；后半部分的簡單句常用一般將來時(shí)，有時(shí)也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。此句型與條件狀語從句形成同義結(jié)構(gòu)。1) 祈使句( , ) +and/then+簡單句 > if 從句(否定式)+主句 Give me somewhere to stand, and I will move the earth.（如果）給我一個(gè)支點(diǎn)，我便能掀動(dòng)地球。 =If you give

12、me somewhere to stand, I will move the earth. One more word, and I'll turn you out. 你再多說一句，我就把你趕出去。 =If you speak one more word, I will turn you out. Use your head, then you'll find a way. 動(dòng)動(dòng)腦子你就能找到辦法。 =If you use your head, you'll find a way.2) 祈使句（,）+or+簡單句 > if 從句(否定式)+主語 Work even

13、 harder, or you will never pass the exam. 如果不加倍努力，你就永遠(yuǎn)無法通過考試。 = If you don't work harder, you will never pass the exam.Stop telling lies, or you will be punished. 如果你繼續(xù)說謊，就會(huì)受到懲罰。 = If you don't stop telling lies, you will be punished.原因狀語從句1 原因狀語從句 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞有： because, for, since, as, now

14、that 1) because意為“因?yàn)椤保硎局苯拥脑蚧蚶碛?，著重點(diǎn)在從句，用于回答why，語氣最強(qiáng)。He is absent today because he is ill. 他今天缺席，因?yàn)樗×?。I didn't go out because I was busy with homework. 我沒有出去，因?yàn)槲颐τ诩彝プ鳂I(yè)。有時(shí)，可用because of后接名詞或代詞表示原因，此時(shí)because of=for(介詞)。We won't be able to come because of the weather. 由于天氣的原因，我們來不了。She was look

15、ing all the better for her stay in hospital. 她因?yàn)榇卺t(yī)院，顯得好多了。2) for意為“因?yàn)椤?，引?dǎo)的從句并不說明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因，只提供補(bǔ)充說明，且不可位于主句前。for前往往用逗號(hào)或分號(hào)與主句分開，引起的從句對(duì)主句加以解釋。I didn't go to see him, for a heavy snow was falling. 我沒有去看他，因?yàn)樵谙麓笱he days were short, for it was now December. 白天短了，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是十二月了。We must begin planning n

16、ow, for the future may bring unexpected changes. 我們必須現(xiàn)在就開始籌劃，因?yàn)閷砜赡軙?huì)發(fā)生意想不到的變化。有時(shí)，for引起的從句并不表示原因，而是表示一種推斷或解釋，而because則不能。Someone in the house must be ill, for a doctor has just come out.房子里一定有人病了，因?yàn)橛袀€(gè)醫(yī)生剛剛出來。3) since意為“既然”、“由于”，一般表示對(duì)方已知的、無需加以說明的既成事實(shí)的理由(如果從句表示的原因不是確定的事實(shí)，就不能用since，通常用because)。Since you

17、are going, I will go too. 既然你要走，我也走了。Since you are ill, I'll go alone. 由于你病了，我就一個(gè)人走了。4) as意為“由于”，表示十分明顯的原因，一般說明因果關(guān)系，著重點(diǎn)在主句，語氣較弱。As it is snowing, we shall not go to the park. 由于正在下雪，我們就不去公園了。He had to apologize, as he knew he had made a mistake. 他必須道歉，因?yàn)樗浪e(cuò)了。由as表示的原因語勢(shì)最弱，常用于口語。Step 2 賓語從句的種類&#

18、246;由that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。that只有語法作用，沒有實(shí)在的意義。在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。e. g. He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.ö由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。e. g. Do you know who/ whom they are waiting for?

19、 He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I dont know why the train is late.ö由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。e. g. I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me if (whether) I could help him. 賓語從句的語序：陳述句語序該部分需特別強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語從句若有特殊疑問詞的句序如以下例句

20、。 I hear (that) physics isnt easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo? Please tell me when well have the meeting.在賓語從句中帶有特殊疑問詞但句序不變的句子： Whats the matter? Whats your trouble? Whats your problem? Whats up? Whats your name? 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)ö如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

21、，賓語從句該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)態(tài)。e. g. I dont think you are right.Can you tell me when he got the notice? ö如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)。e. g. He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meeting. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back soon.ö若賓語從句所

22、陳述的是客觀真理，則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。e. g. Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. He asked me if (whether) I could help him.二、典型例題Choose the best answer.(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?1) I'll leave him a notehe'll know where we are.A. so thatB. so asC. in orderD. for2) The question wasdifficult that nobody co

23、uld answer.A. very; themB. very; itC. so; themD. so; it3) They werebusy studyingthey couldn't go to the restaurant with us.A. so; thatB. such; asC. very; thatD. enough; as4) Robert is good at languages,we all know.A. becauseB. forC. asD. since5）Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2009.A. where does sh

24、e live B. where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived6）. Would you please tell me _ ?A. when did he come home B. where he would play footballC. if he had seen the film D. why he didnt watch the game7）. I dont know when _.A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train

25、 leave D. the train leave8）. - We dont know_. - It is said that he was born in Sweden.A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from9）. Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday?A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did10）.

26、I want to know _.A. what is his name B. whats his name C. that his name is D. what his name is11）. Could you tell me _ the bike this morning?A. how does he mend B. how he mendsC. how he mended D. how did he mend12） You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were

27、excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited13 ). Every morning the patients are asked if _ their temperature taken. A. they had had B. have they had C. they have had D. had they had14 ). Its up to you to decide _ youll go there, by air or by road.A. how B. why

28、C. that D. when 15）Even a drop of water _ because it is so important to all the living things. A. must waste B. must be wasted C. mustn't waste D. mustn't be wasted16）We can talk with friends on the Internet _ its easier and cheaper. A. thoughB. asC. orD. but 17） I won't see the film thi

29、s evening because I _it already. A. will see B. saw C. have seen D. had seen3、 基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)（一）用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)時(shí)態(tài)填空。1.Please call me as soon as he (finish) his work.2.I (not understand) the problem until the teacher explained it.3.Mike (write) a report when I telephoned him yesterday.4.We (be) good friends since we

30、met at school.5.When she comes next time, I (tell) her everything.6.As soon as he got home, he (drink) a glass of cold water.7.The shop assistant was arguing with the customer when I (go) into the food section.8.The criminal (capture) when he tried to escape from the city.（二）按要求改寫句子，每空限填一詞。1.He came

31、 here two minutes late.(對(duì)劃線部分提問） did he come here? 2.My mother returned home a moment ago.(保持原句意思）My mother returned home .3.Dr Bethune stayed in the hospital after the work was over.(保持原句意思)Dr Bethune didnt the hospital the work was over.4.We got tired after we walked a long way.(保持原句意思）We got tire

32、d a long way.5.Alice began to play the piano when she was four.(保持原句意思）Alice began to play the piano of four.6.As a girl, she could swim across the Huangpu River. she was a girl, she swim across the Huangpu River.4、 鞏固提高（一）.Choose the best answer. 1. It will be hard for us to get up in the morning i

33、f we _ to bed too lateAgo B. went C. will go D. have gone2. If farmers _ trees and forests, giant pandas _ nowhere to live.A. cut down; have B. will cut down; will haveC. will cut down; have D. cut down; will have3. When you _ at a restaurant, please order just enough food .A. ate B. will eat C. eat

34、 D. haven eaten 4. Henry will give us a report as soon as he _.A. arrives B. arrived C. is arriving D. will arrive5. What are you doing tomorrow, Jane?Ill go bike riding if it _. I like riding on rainy days.A. doesnt rain B. is cloudy C. is snowy D. rains6. If Nancy _ the exam, she will go to Austra

35、lia for English study.A. pass B. passed C. passes D. will pass7. Amy was reading a book _ I came in.A. when B. while C. because D. though8. Linda was just going out for shopping _ the telephone rang.A, while B. when C. after D. because9. Ill go to visit my aunt in England _ the summer holidays start

36、.A. while B. since C. until D. as soon as10-Mom, I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow-Thats niceYoud better ring me up _ you get thereAuntil Bas soon as CbecauseD. unless11.If the weather _ fine, we _ have a sports meeting this weekend.A. will be, will B. is, will C. was, wouldD. is, will going to12

37、.If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we _ swimming.A. go B. will goC. wentD. are13. _ he was exercising at the park yesterday morning, he found a purse under the tree. A. While B. Before C. ThoughD. Because14. You will be late for school _ you dont get up early. A. but B. if C. and D. or15. Alan! Why are yo

38、u so late? Sorry! When I _ home, I met one of my old friends. A. went B. am walking C. has gone D. was walking16. Were going camping if it _ rainy tomorrow. A. doesnt B. dont C. wontD. isnt17. Were talking about “China Dream” these days. Its _ attractive _ all of the Chinese people are interested in

39、 it. A. such; that B. so; that C. too; toD. so; for18. I want to know if Maria _ us in the fashion show tonight. I believe if she _ her homework, she will join us. A. joins; finishes B. will join; finishesC. joins; will finish D. will join; will join19. He is _ a cute baby _ we all like him. A. so,

40、that B. such , that C. very, that D. so, because20He was _ tired _ he could not go on walking. Atoo, to Bsuch, that Cso, thatD. too, that（二）Sentence Rewriting1.As I had a cold, I was absent from school. (對(duì)劃線部分提問) you absent from school?2.I didnt go out for a walk because it was wet.(對(duì)劃線部分提問）. you go

41、 out for a walk?3.Li Ping has a bad cold. He has to stay in bed and drink much hot water.(合并為一句） Li Ping has to stay in bed and drink much hot water he has a bad cold.4.John didnt attend the meeting because of his illness.(保持原句意思)John didnt attend the meeting because he .5.Since everybody is here, l

42、ets begin the meeting.(保持原句意思） everybody is here, lets begin the meeting.6.No planes could land at the airport because there was the typhoon.(保持原句意思）No planes could land at the airport the typhoon.7.The fish will go bad, so youd better put it in the fridge. (保持原句意思)Youd better put the fish in the fr

43、idge, it will go bad.8.She missed the early bus, so she didnt come to school on time.(保持原句意思)She didnt come to school on time she the early bus.（3） Reading comprehensionAAstronauts have already visited the moon and lived on space stations. They've never been to another planet so far, but by the

44、year 2100, they might live on the planetMars. The astronauts will spend about six months traveling to the planet, then about two years on the planet and about six months traveling back to the earth. They'll be away from the earth for about three years, so they'll need a lot of food!It's

45、very expensive to take food into space. It costs about 120,000 dollars to carry something that weighs one kilogram. So an apple on Mars could cost 20, 000 dollars! Of course, they will need to take quite a lot of food with them to feed the astronauts for three years. This amount of fresh food can no

46、t stay fresh, and is very expensive to take, so they need to find food that is not very heavy. At the moment, astronauts on space stations eat dried food. It's very light, so it doesn' t cost a lot of money to carry it into space. But astronauts stay healthier and happier if they eat fresh f

47、ood. In the future, astronauts on Mars may grow vegetables like lettuce, spinach and carrots.Astronauts on Mars will probably have special machines. They Ml use these machines to change beans into foods that taste like meat or cheese because it won' t be possible to keep animals in space.Life on

48、 Mars will be better than that on Earth in many ways. People will have more space. Living in a large building with only 10 bedrooms is highly possible. Many people believe that robot will do most of our work, so we have more time for our hobbies.生詞速查： astronaut 宇航員 Mars 火星( )1. According to the text

49、, by the year 2100, some of us will possibly live.A. on the moon B. on MarsC. in the sun D. under the sea( )2. Why do the astronauts have to eat dried food?A.Because it is cheap to buy.B.Because it is delicious.C.Because it makes them happy.D.Because it is cheap to carry.( )3. Which of the following

50、 is TRUE according to the passage?A.Astronauts will get food that taste like meat or cheese from beans on Mars.B.If we take two kilograms of apples into space, it could cost 40,000 dollars.C.It will take the astronauts about three months to get to a planet.D.Dried food is as healthy as fresh food fo

51、r astronauts in space.( )4. Why will life on Mars be better than that on the earth?A.Because only a few people will live there.B.Because there will be much delicious food.C.Because there will be more space and less work to do.D.Because people don't need to do any work.( )5. The best title for th

52、is passage is "".A.Food in Space B.An Important PlanetC.Astronauts in the Future D. Vegetables in SpaceBHolding up welcoming banners and cheering fervidly, about 2,000 Hong Kong students in tidy school uniform was waiting to meet their space heroes at the Queen Elizabeth Stadium here Monday morning."We came here to show our support to the space flight development of our country," said Miss Chan.Three Chinese taikonauts, who joint