非謂語動詞高考考點全解

1、 非謂語動詞高考考點全解非謂語動詞是高考中的重要考點，僅在單項填空題中，少則一道，多則三四道，因此，們在高考備考中必須給予高度重視。那么，在高考中究竟考非謂語動詞的哪些方面，怎么考？歸納起不外乎以下幾個方面。 一、考查非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)  不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞或動名詞的動作若發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之前，就用完成式，否則，用一般式。當(dāng)不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞或動名詞與其邏輯主語若是主動關(guān)系，就用主動式，否則，用被動式。如：(1) All these gifts must be mailed immediately_in time for Christmas.A. in ord

2、er to have receivedB. in order to receiveC. so as to be receivedD.so as to be receiving答案是C。因為句子主語 All these gifts與不定式receive 是被動關(guān)系，只有選項C是被動式。（2）He glanced over at her , _that though she was tiny,she seemed very well put together. A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted分析 因為he 與note 是主謂關(guān)系，note

3、并非發(fā)生在謂語動詞glanced之前，用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式作狀語，故選A。（3）_ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separatedB. Having separatedC.Having been separatedD. To be separated分析 答案是C。因為Australia與separate是被動關(guān)系，且separate發(fā)生在謂語動詞has之

4、前，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式作原因狀語。 二、考查非謂語動詞的邏輯主語 如：（1）While watching television ,_.Athe doorbell rang B.the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ringD. we heard the doorbell rings分析 因watching的邏輯主語一定是句子的主語一定是句子的主語，能作其邏輯主語的只有選項C和D中的we；又因在hear后作賓補的應(yīng)是省略to 的不定式，故選C。（2）In order to make our city green, _.A

5、. it is necessary to have planted more treesB. many more trees need to plantC. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees答案是D。作目的狀語的不定式的邏輯主語應(yīng)為句子的主語，選項中的主語能作不定式的邏輯主語的只有we 。 三、考查非謂語動詞的否定式 非謂語動詞的否定式通常是在非謂語動詞之前not、never。當(dāng)前面有邏輯主語時，要放在邏輯主語與非謂語動詞之間。如：（1）Victor apologized for _ to infor

6、m me of the change in the plan. A. his being not ableB. him not to be ableC. his not being ableD. him to be not able分析 在介詞for后作賓語用動名詞，排除B和D；非謂語動詞的否定式是將not放在非謂語動詞之前，排除A；只有選項C正確，題中not放在動名詞being之前，邏輯主語his之后。（2）_ the programme ,they have to stay there for another two weeks. A. Not completingB. Not compl

7、etedC. Not having completedD. Having not completed答案是C。非謂語動詞的否定式，要將not等放在非謂語動詞的前面，排除D；they與complete是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞，排除B；“還沒有完成”，發(fā)生在“決定”之前，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，排除A。（3）The teacher asked us_ so much noise. A. don，t make B.not make C.not making D. not to make答案是D。即ask sb.not to do sth.叫某人不要做某事。 四、考查非謂語動詞作主語和表語&#

8、160;表示具體的、一次性的或?qū)淼膭幼饔貌欢ㄊ剑槐硎疽话愕?、泛指的或?xí)慣性的行為用動名詞。如：(1) It，s necessary to be prepared for a job interview; _the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having答案是D。動名詞短語作主語，表示一般的情況。（2）_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C.To wal

9、k D. Walk 分析 因a good form暗示泛指一般性行為，用動名詞作主語，故選B。注：有時這種區(qū)別并不很嚴(yán)格。但要注意：主語和表語要用同一種形式；平等結(jié)構(gòu)中要用同一種形式。如：（3）Fishing is his favorite hobby, and_ .A. hed like to collect coins as wellB. he feels like collecting coins,tooC.to collect coins is also his hobbyD. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure分析 and連接

10、兩個并列句，前一分句用動名詞作主語，與之并列的后一分句也應(yīng)用動名詞作主語，故選D。在seem ,appear,prove(結(jié)果是、后來表明),remain(尚須)， grow(達到程度)等連系動詞后，可用不定式作表語，但不用-ing 形式作表語。如：（4）I think youll grow _him when you know him better. A.liking B. to be like C. to like D. to be liking分析 在表示“達到喜歡的程度”的 grow后用不定式作表語，排除A；like作“喜歡”講是動詞，前面不用be，排除B；like一般沒有進行式，排除

11、D，故選C。 五、考查不定式和動名詞作賓語 1有的動詞或短語動詞后只能用不定式而不能連接動名詞作賓語如ask/demand（要求），plan/intend/mean(計劃)，manage,do/try ones best, make an attempt(努力), learn(學(xué)習(xí))，wish,hope,desire,expect,long,want,would like,should like,would prefer(希望、愿意)，agree,promise(同意)，decide,determine,choose,make a decision,make up ones

12、 mind（決定）,offer（主動提出），apply(申請)，help(幫助)，fail(不能、沒有)，prepare(準(zhǔn)備),pretend(假裝)，refuse(拒絕)，happen(碰巧)，afford( 負擔(dān)得起)等。如：I dont want_ Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded分析 表示“想做某事”want 后只能接不定式，排除C。sound like中sound是系動詞，屬不

13、及物動詞，不能用于被動語態(tài)，排除B；發(fā)生在want后，sound不用完成式，排除D。故選A。 2有的動詞或短語動詞后只能用動名詞而不能接不定式作賓語如allow,permit(允許),consider(考慮)，suggest,advice(建議)， keep(on)(反復(fù)；不停)，finish (完成)，imagine(想象)，practise(練習(xí))，understand(明白)，appreciate,enjoy(喜歡)，miss(錯過；懷念)，prevent(阻止)，forbid(禁止)，escape(避免)，include(包括)，forgive,pardon,excuse(原

14、諒),dislike(厭惡),discuss(討論)，report(報道)，admit(承認)，mind(介意)，risk(冒險)， cant stand(不能忍受)，burst out(突然開始)，feel like(想要)，insist on(堅持)，delay,put off (推遲)， give up(放棄)，be busy (忙于)，be worth(值得)等。如：I really cant understand _ her like that. A. you treat B.you to treat C. why treat D. you treating分析 因understan

15、d 后可接動名詞但不接不定式，故選D，you是treating的邏輯主語。 3接不定式和接動名詞意義不同的8個動詞和短語remember to do(記住去做)，remember doing（記得做過）；forget to do (忘記去做)），forget doing(忘記做過)；regret to do (遺憾地做)，regret doing(后悔做了)；try to do (設(shè)法做)，try doing(試做)；go on to do (接著做另一事)，go on doing(繼續(xù)做同一事)；mean to do (打算做)，mean doing(意味著)；stop to do

16、 (停下來去做)，stop doing(停止做); cant help to do(不能幫助做),cant help doing(情不自禁做)。如：When asked by the police,he said that he remembered_at the party,but not_.A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave C. arriving ; leaving D. arriving; to leave分析 由語境可知，題中的remembered 表示“記得（曾經(jīng)做過某事）”，后接動名詞；又因but not 是與之并列的，都作r

17、emember的賓語，所以都用動名詞，故選C。 4表示未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望或打算的動詞和短語如plan ,intend ,mean,want ,hope, wish ,expect 等動詞的過去完成時，加不定式的一般式，或者這類動詞的一般過去時，加不定式的完成式；was/were,would/should like 加不定式的完成式； was going加不定式的一般式。如：I would love_ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have g

18、one C. going D. having gone分析 由句意可知，是表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望，用“would love+不定式完成式”，故選B。 5要接動名詞的含有介詞的固定句型如prevent /stop/keep sb ./sth. from doing(阻止做)；spend/waste time or money in doing(在做方面花費/浪費時間或金錢)；have some difficulty/trouble in doing(在做方面有些困難)；have a hard time in doing sth.（做某事很艱難）；there is no sense in

19、 doing(做是沒有理由/道理的)；How /What about doing sth.(做怎么樣？)；thank (excuse/admire/blame/scold/punish)sb. for doing sth.(因做某事而感謝/羨慕/表揚/責(zé)備某人)等。如：According to a recent U.S. survey children spend up to 25 hours a week _TV. Ato watch B. to watching C.watching D. watch分析 spend some time(in)doing sth.( 做某事花了多長時間)是

20、固定句型，故選C。 6to 是介詞的固定結(jié)構(gòu)這類詞組很多，常見的有：look forward to (盼望)，devoteto /be devoted to (致力于),be/get used to (習(xí)慣),lead to (導(dǎo)致)，get down to (開始認真)，pay attention to（注意），refer to(談到),point to(指向)，turn to (轉(zhuǎn)向)，object to(反對)，equal to(等于、能勝任),belong to(屬于)等。如：Mr.Read made up his mind to devote all he had to_

21、some schools for poor children. A. set up B.setting up C. have set up D.having set up分析 因devote中to是介詞，接動名詞；all 是devote的賓語，he had是省略了關(guān)系代詞that 的定語從句；“建?！笔侵^語“下決心捐款”之后，不用完成式，故選B。 7but和except后可接不定式介詞后一般只能接動名詞，但在表示“除外”的介詞but和except等后面有時可接不定式，當(dāng)前面有行為動詞do時，不定式不帶to；否則，要帶to。如：Sandy could do nothing but_to

22、 his teacher that he was wrong.(2001上海春)A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit 分析 前面有行為動詞do時不帶to，故選A。 8表示“需要”的need,want 和require等后的動詞形式這時，其主語一般是事物，后的動詞形式可以是不定式的被動形式，也可以是動名詞的主動式。如：There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars_ road conditions need_. A that ; to be impr

23、oved B. which; to be improvedC. where; improving D. when; improving分析 “公路狀況需要改善”，need后接improving或to be improved都可以。后面的從句應(yīng)是problem的同位語，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)，故選A。 六、考查不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作補語 當(dāng)賓語與作賓補的動詞在邏輯上是主動關(guān)系時，用不定式（未來或全過程）或現(xiàn)在分詞（正在進行或持續(xù)進行）；當(dāng)賓語與作賓補的動詞在邏輯上是被動關(guān)系時，用過去分詞。如：(1)My advisor encouraged_ a summer course

24、to improve my writing skills. A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take分析 因me與take是主動關(guān)系，且take發(fā)生在謂語動詞encouraged之后，要用不定式作賓補，即encourage sb.to do sth.故選D。（2）Paul doesnt have to be made_ . He always works hard. A. learn B.to learn c. learned D.learning 分析 在使役動詞make ,let ,have 后，一般用不帶t

25、o的不定式作賓補，但在其被動式后作主補的不定式要加to，故選B。（3）He looked around and caught a man_ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D.putting分析 因a man與put是主動關(guān)系，且看到時正在發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補，故選D。（4）Dont leave the water_ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run分析 the water

26、與run是主動關(guān)系，又表示持續(xù)進行，用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補，故選B。（5）The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_ the next year. A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D.to carry out分析 句中that引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，它代表the plan并在從句中作see的賓語，賓語that（the plan）與賓補carry out是被動關(guān)系，因此，用過去分詞作賓補，即see the plan carried out,故選A。（6）You should

27、understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it_ often enough. A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained分析 賓語it（the rule）與explain是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞作賓補，have sth.done請人做某事。故選D。（7）A cook will be immediately fired if he is found_in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 分析 find,

28、keep等后可用現(xiàn)在分詞（主動）或過去分詞（被動）作補語，一般不能用to do 作補語；he 與smoke是主動的，用現(xiàn)在分詞作主語補足語。故選B。（8）Charles Babage is generally considerd_ the first computer.A. to have invented B. inventing C. to invent D. having invented分析 think ,consider,believe等后接to have done作補語，表示“認為做了”，故選A。 七、考查不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞作狀語 1在表示時間、條件、讓

29、步、方式或伴隨情況等時，通常要用分詞，不用不定式句子主語與現(xiàn)在分詞在邏輯上是主動關(guān)系，句子主語與過去分詞在邏輯上是被動關(guān)系。注意：現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式，習(xí)慣上不作伴隨狀語。如：（1）Daddy didnt mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _fun. A. had B. have C. to have D. having分析 作伴隨狀語不能用不定式，we與have fun是主動關(guān)系，要用現(xiàn)在分詞，故選D。（2）_ in the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized that

30、 he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited分析 表示時間不能用不定式，而要用同在分詞，故選C。Having waited等于 After he had waited注：表示時間、條件或讓步等的分詞，有時還可帶上連詞。如：When _help ,one often says,“Thank you.”O(jiān)r “Its kind of you.” A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered分析 某人說“謝謝”，應(yīng)當(dāng)是他被提供了幫助，所以要用過去分詞，故選D。When offered help=When he is offered help 2不定式和分詞表示原因的區(qū)別表示原因時，分詞短語常放在句首，也可放在句末，多用逗號隔開；不定式短語卻只能放在句末，但不用逗號，且多用表示情緒或情感反應(yīng)的動詞、形容詞之后。如：(1)Im surprised to see you here.(2)_ in a white uni