2020屆中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練：介詞講解及配套真題專(zhuān)練

1、精品文檔1232020屆中考語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練之介詞講解及配套真題專(zhuān)練一、介詞的種類(lèi)1）根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)分類(lèi)簡(jiǎn)單介詞：即由一個(gè)詞構(gòu)成的單一介詞。如： for, at, in, on, of, to等。復(fù)合介詞：即由兩個(gè)詞組合在一起的介詞，也稱(chēng)合成介詞。如： without, inside, outside, into, within短語(yǔ)介詞：即由短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的介詞。如：because of, according to , thanks to等。2）根據(jù)意義分類(lèi)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞：at, behind, beside, around, near, on, by, in front of , across等。表示時(shí)間的介詞

2、：about, at, after, before, by, during, in, over, past, since, until等。表示原因的介詞：for, with , from等。表示手段和方式的介詞：by, in, with等。表示“除去"的介詞： but, except, besides等。表示其他含義的介詞：about （關(guān)于，大約），on （關(guān)于）,without （沒(méi)有），off （從離開(kāi)），instead of （代替）,with （和）等。二、.介詞短語(yǔ)的功能介詞和介詞賓語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。介詞短語(yǔ)可以在句子中作下列成分：1）作表語(yǔ)：She looks lik

3、e an actress.她看上去像演員。What' s the book about?這本書(shū)是講什么的？2）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：A cold kept him in bed for a week. 感冒使他臥床一周。I found my mother on the bus.我發(fā)現(xiàn)我媽媽在公交車(chē)上。3）作狀語(yǔ)：I will wait for you until tomorrow.我等你至 U 明天。The teacher came into the classroom with a smile on her face.那位老師面帶笑容進(jìn)了教室。4）作定語(yǔ)：A friend in need i

4、s a friend indeed. 患難見(jiàn)真情。三、中考經(jīng)?？疾榈膸捉M介詞的用法1）時(shí)間介詞：at/ in/ on表示具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)（幾點(diǎn)鐘）前面用介詞at。I usually get up at six in the morning. 我通常在早上六點(diǎn)起床。一、/注息：at dinner time 在（吃）晚飯時(shí) at night 在夜間 at weekends / the weekend 在周末 表示在特定的日子、某月某日、星期幾、節(jié)日等時(shí)間的前面，或者某一天的早上、下午、晚上的前面用介詞on。We can play football on Sunday.我們可以在星期天踢足球。They

5、came to my house on a cold winter morning.他們?cè)谝粋€(gè)寒冷的早晨來(lái)到了我家。表示較長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間段的名詞或短語(yǔ)前經(jīng)常用in,如在早上、下午、晚上；在某月某年等。I was born in May.我出生在五月。They came here in 1998. 他們?cè)?998年來(lái)這里的。What are you going to do in the winter holiday?寒假你打算做什么?一、/汪后：表示上午、下午或晚上的名詞前一般用介詞in,但是具體到某一天的上午、下午或晚上用介詞 on。 in the morning 在上午 on Monday m

6、orning 在星期的上午2）時(shí)間介詞：for, sincefor和since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)都有延續(xù)之意。for +時(shí)間段表示“（延續(xù)）之久"。since +時(shí)間點(diǎn)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間。They have lived in China for ten years. 他們?cè)诒本┳×?十年了。She has worked here since last year.從去年起她就在這里工作。3）時(shí)間介詞：in, afterin+時(shí)間段表示從現(xiàn)在算起一段時(shí)間以后，一般用于將來(lái)時(shí)；after+時(shí)間段表示從過(guò)去算起一段時(shí)間后，一般用于過(guò)去時(shí)。另外after后也可以接具體時(shí)間用于將來(lái)時(shí)。

7、He' ll be back in three hours.他三小時(shí)后回來(lái)。He came back after three hours. 三小時(shí)后，他回來(lái)了。He' ll be back after 3 o' clock.他三點(diǎn)后會(huì)回來(lái)。4）方位介詞：at, in, on, to表示在某一點(diǎn)的位置或者具體的位置用at。We will have a picnic at the foot of mountain.我們?cè)谏侥_下舉行野餐。表示在某一個(gè)范圍之內(nèi)的方位用介詞in。Shandong lies in the east of China.山東省在中國(guó)的東部。（山東省在中

8、國(guó)范圍之內(nèi)）表示在某一個(gè)范圍之外的方位用介詞to。Japan lies to the east of China.日本在中國(guó)的東部。（日本在中國(guó)范圍之外）表示兩者相互接觸，強(qiáng)調(diào)在同一條線或者同一個(gè)平面上用介詞on。Shandong lies on the north of Jiangsu.山東省在江蘇省的北部。（兩省接壤）5） 地點(diǎn)介詞：in/on / under/ above / over/ below 表示一個(gè)物體在另一個(gè)物體的上面用介詞on。There is a book on the desk.課桌上有一本書(shū)。（書(shū)在課桌表面上） 表示一個(gè)物體在另一個(gè)物體的里面用介詞in。There a

9、re some dumplings in the bowl.碗里有一些水餃。（水餃在碗里面） 表示一個(gè)物體在另一個(gè)物體的下方，用介詞 under。（一般為正下方）地方的輔導(dǎo)精品文檔123There is a ball under the chair.椅子下面有一個(gè)球。（球在椅子的下面）below意思是“在之下”，所指范圍較寬，不一定在某物的正下方。From the plane, we could see the whole town below us.從飛機(jī)上我們可以看到下面城鎮(zhèn)的全貌。表示一個(gè)物體在另一個(gè)物體的上方，并非有“垂直之上”的含義，用介詞above,其反義詞為 below。His

10、room is above ours.他的房間在我們的上面。表示一個(gè)物體在另一個(gè)物體的正上方用介詞over,有時(shí)有“覆蓋；越過(guò)”之意。His room is over ours.他的房間就是我們頭上的那間。There is a big bridge over the river. 河上有一座大橋。（橋在河的上面）6）方位介詞 between, amongbetween是表示在兩者之間；among表示在三者或者三者以上之間。It' s a secret between you and I.這是我和你之間的秘密。There is a village among the trees.在樹(shù)林里

11、面有個(gè)小村莊。7）表示工具、手段、材料的 in, by, within可以和表示某種語(yǔ)言的名詞連用表示“用某種語(yǔ)言”；也可以表示用某種工具或者材料的意思。Can you answer my question in English ?你能用英語(yǔ)回答我的問(wèn)題嗎？Don' t write in pencil. Please write in ink.不要用鉛筆寫(xiě)，請(qǐng)用墨水寫(xiě)。by指使用的方法和手段，by和表示交通工具的名詞連用時(shí)，中間不用冠詞。My father often goes to work by bus.我爸爸經(jīng)常乘坐公共汽車(chē)去上班。He made a living by sell

12、ing newspapers.他靠賣(mài)報(bào)為生。with表示“借助于某種具體的工具或身體部位”。例如：We write with our hands.我們用手寫(xiě)字。I cut the cake with a knife.我用刀子切開(kāi)了蛋糕。8）方位介詞 across, through, past表示從某一個(gè)物體的表面橫過(guò)、穿過(guò)用介詞across;從某一個(gè)物體的里面或者一定范圍內(nèi)穿過(guò)、橫過(guò)用介詞through;從旁邊經(jīng)過(guò)用past。They swam across the river. 他們游過(guò)了 河。The boys go through the forest quickly.這些男孩子快速地穿過(guò)

13、樹(shù)林。They drove past a big supermarket.他們開(kāi)車(chē)經(jīng)過(guò)一家大超市。9） except, besidesexcept表示“除之外”其后的賓語(yǔ)是被排除在整體之外的。besides表示“除之外”，地方的輔導(dǎo)精品文檔123其后的賓語(yǔ)是被包括在整體之內(nèi)的。All the students took part in the sports meeting except Tom.除了湯姆以外，其他的同學(xué)都參加了運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。（湯姆沒(méi)有參加）We need three more boys besides Tom.除了湯姆以外，我們還需要三個(gè)男同學(xué)。（我們也需要湯姆）真題鏈接：1 .th

14、e help of modern technology, scientists got a photo of a black hole. （2019. 江蘇 淮安）A. AtB. InC. OnD. With2 . We planted some flowers-the garden yesterday. （2019.北京）A. onB. toC. inD. of3 .- Is that your headmaster? （2019 福建）-You meanthe man blue?A.onB.withC. in4 . Most of the villagers took part in th

15、e Dragon Boat races9:00 a. m. the morningof June 7. （2019甘肅天水）A. at; inB. on ; onC. on ; inD. at ;on5.I want to learn a second foreign language English. （2019 甘肅天水 ）A.except B.beside C.besides D.exceptfor6.I'm going out. I'll be back an hour. （2019 甘肅敦煌）A.atB. onC. inD. from1.1 think tea wil

16、l taste better some milk in it. （2019 廣東）A. for B. withC. fromD. at8. （1 分）My brother joined the army September last year . （ 2019 廣西百色 ）A. on B. byC. at D. in9. Is Mr Green at school ?Sorry, I don't know . But you can call him340- 5261. （2019 廣西貴港）A. in B. With C. by D. at10. -When is your birt

17、hday, Li Fang? （2019 廣西 柳州）-It's July 26.A. onB. toC. in11. Chinese government sent two pandas, Ruyi and Dingding, to Russia several days ago.The relationship China Russia will be closer than before, I think. （2019 廣西玉林）A. both; and B. not only; but also C. either; or D. between; and12. 一Now Chi

18、na was set up in 1949. Every Chinese knows her 70th birthday is October 1,2019. （2019 廣西玉林）A. in B. atC. onD. by13. It's very importantus to make a plan before a new term begins.（2019貴州黔南州）A. of B. With C. By D. for14. It's time class .Lets go into the classroom .OK. （2019 海南）A. for B. of C.

19、 in15. This story is simple English. My little sister can read it. （2019 河北）A. forB. inC. withD. by16. Shall I help you the street, Grandpa? （2019 河南） No, thanks. I can manage it myself.A. on B. with C. across D. along17. When will the movie The King Lion可干子王return to movie theatresin America?July.A

20、. OnB. AtC. In18. Light comes in the window. （2019 黑龍江綏化）A. across B. cross C. through19. He wrote his phone number a piece ofpaper.（20193胡d匕武漢）A. onB. for C. inD. from20. To my great joy, my family is always me whatever I decide to do. （2019湖北孝感）A. behindB. toC. fromD. against21. Yesterday our head

21、master made a speech environmental protection, and we learnedsomething about recycling of waste. （ 2019 湖南長(zhǎng)沙）A . on B . at C. to22. We will attend the junior high graduation ceremony June 21st, 2019. （2019 湖南郴州）A. inB. atC. on23. -Excuse me. Where is the nearest bookstore? （2019 吉林）-GoCenter Street

22、and you' ll find it.A. ForB. alongC. with24. It' s been 100 years since the May Fourth Movement took place May 4, 1919.（2019南通江蘇）A. forB. inC. atD. on25. Beijing Expo 2019 opened to the public 29th April. It will last over five months.（2019江蘇宿遷）A. atB. inC. onD. of26. Ladies and Gentlemen, w

23、elcome to Beijing! And if you need any help, please call me 010-5558 6390. （2019 江蘇泰州）A. atB. onC. withD. by27. Let' s take a walk the river after diner, shall we? （2019 江蘇無(wú)錫）A. alongB. throughC. uponD. over28. Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily the windows. （2019呼和浩特

24、）A. againstB. acrossC. aboveD. below29. In the world, more than 30% of schools do not provide safe drinking water about570 million children. （2019 山東臨沂）A. withB. forC. towards30. - I want to watch TV the whole day after the long journey. （2019 山東濱州）-You shouldn ' t watch TV too much. It ' s

25、bad your eyes.A. onB. inC. forD. with31. A marathon was held in Yancheng 21st April, which drew 12,000 runners. （2019江蘇鹽城）A. onB. inC. atD. by32. Facial recognition（人臉識(shí)另 U）technology is widely used for payment., we needn 't enter the passwords any more. （2019 江蘇揚(yáng)州）A. For example B. As a result C

26、. What' s worse D. What' s more33. -Su Bingtian is the winner of the IAAF World Indoor Tour（國(guó)際田聯(lián)室內(nèi)巡回賽）-. He is a talented runner. （2019 遼寧撫順 ）A. Without doubt C. Once in a while B. For exampleD. All of a sudden34. Shall we stop and wait for others? （2019 遼寧本溪）Sounds good. I think they will c

27、atch up a few minutes.A. during B. afterC for D in35. Could you tell me how I can improve my English? （2019 遼寧本溪）Sure., you could speak it as much as possible.A. After all B. In the end C. By the way D. First of all36. We are going to have a party the evening of June 30th. （ 2019 遼寧省葫蘆島）A . onB . in

28、C. atD. for37. As students, we must study hard . , we should care for our health . （2019 遼寧省葫 蘆島 ）A . At the same timeB . On the one handC. All in allD. In the end38. Humans can not make progress A dreams. （ 2019 遼寧鐵嶺）A.with B.without C.through D.about1. .I will go around the city of Dalian by light rail vehicle （