高考英語閱讀填句——七選五命題解析

1、20152015年高考英語閱讀填句年高考英語閱讀填句七選五解析七選五解析洱源縣第二中學洱源縣第二中學 高彥平高彥平20142014年年1212月月6 6日日一、分析解讀一、分析解讀 試題模式試題模式：要求考生在一段留出要求考生在一段留出5 5個空白個空白的約的約300300詞的短文中，根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容，詞的短文中，根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容，從所給的從所給的7 7個選項中選出最佳選項填入相應個選項中選出最佳選項填入相應的設空處，使補全后的短文意思通順、前的設空處，使補全后的短文意思通順、前后連貫。后連貫。 考查重點考查重點：主要考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)主要考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意

2、義的理解和掌容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。（考試說明）握。（考試說明）命題特征命題特征選材特點：短文為選材特點：短文為300300詞左右的說明文或議詞左右的說明文或議論文，其中正文詞數(shù)論文，其中正文詞數(shù)240240左右，選項詞數(shù)左右，選項詞數(shù)6060左右；左右；短文篇章結(jié)構(gòu)常為：提出問題短文篇章結(jié)構(gòu)常為：提出問題解決問題；解決問題；七個選項意義上都與短文相關(guān)，設空類型一七個選項意義上都與短文相關(guān)，設空類型一般有段落般有段落主題句類主題句類、過渡句類過渡句類和和細節(jié)句類細節(jié)句類；選項均為完整句子，句型不一；選項均為完整句子，句型不一；順序通常按長度排列。順序通常按長度排列。主題句過渡句

3、細節(jié)句2010年新課標全國 （278詞）1132011年新課標全國Money Matters （320詞）1042012年新課標全國Kids health:Four steps for fighting stress（316詞）0052013年新課標全國IIPublic speaking training （285詞）1042014年新課標全國II Tips forcooking on a tight schedule （317詞）104合計4120近五年高考真題分類統(tǒng)計表近五年高考真題分類統(tǒng)計表二、 解題步驟1、通讀整篇文章，把握整段語脈，理出文章的中心 2、閱讀文章題目附近的句子，鎖定目標

4、答案可能的特征3、確定答案，如文復查 三、解題策略 1、從意思上判斷、從意思上判斷 在做題時最重要的是要讀懂空白前后的句子，明白這幾句話的確切意思，然后根據(jù)意思的連貫性或邏輯性從選項中選取正確答案。在讀懂意思的基礎上，再利用線索特征詞等進一步確認答案。 2、從詞匯上鎖定線索 做題時很重要的一點是保持對一些線索詞的敏感，最主要的線索特征詞是空白前后的名詞和動詞，尋找答案時注意在選項中查找同義詞、近義詞、反義詞反義詞或表示同一類事物的詞語等。其次是代詞、數(shù)詞、表示時間/年代的詞、地點/名稱等專有名詞等。尤其是在讀不懂句子的情況下，利用這樣的線索詞尋找答案是很有效的方法。 A、詞匯復現(xiàn)法、詞匯復現(xiàn)法

5、 復現(xiàn)是保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用的一種寫作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置對同一個概念進行重復描述，從而使得同樣的意思在文章中不同的地方重復出現(xiàn)。復現(xiàn)的形式主要是指主要是指同詞同詞（同源詞）復現(xiàn)（同源詞）復現(xiàn)、同（近）義詞復現(xiàn)同（近）義詞復現(xiàn)、反反義詞復現(xiàn)義詞復現(xiàn)等。 From my experience, there are three main reasons why people dont cook more often: ability, money, and time. 36. Money is a topic Ill save for another day. So today

6、 I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most use of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule. A. Try new things. B. Ability is easily improved. C. Make three or four instead. ability Ability 同詞復現(xiàn)（2013課標全國卷課標全國卷II） Focus on positives A

7、ny training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well. Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you arent doing well. _2_， so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what y

8、ou shouldnt do. AYou arent like anybody else BYou already do lots of things well CTurn your back on too many rulesdo welldoing welldo lots of things well同詞復現(xiàn)There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leaves us

9、without a friend 71 . But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. D. Try not to find fault with your friends. E. Making new friends comes easy for some people. F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. 反義暗示Everybody gets stressed from time to time. 71 Some ways

10、of dealing with stress - like screaming or hitting someone - dont solve much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better. C. Different people feel stress in different ways. 2012全國課標卷全國課標卷II 人稱照應同詞復現(xiàn)近義暗示B、詞匯同現(xiàn)法、詞匯同現(xiàn)法 詞匯同現(xiàn)是指屬于詞匯同現(xiàn)

11、是指屬于同一詞匯搭配范疇同一詞匯搭配范疇或或者者某一領(lǐng)域的詞匯某一領(lǐng)域的詞匯在文章中同時出現(xiàn)，達到在文章中同時出現(xiàn)，達到語義銜接的目的語義銜接的目的。你可以。你可以在選項中找到與此在選項中找到與此詞匯最接近的詞，從而達到快而準詞匯最接近的詞，從而達到快而準。一般來。一般來說，上下文中詞匯的范疇越小，上下文的銜說，上下文中詞匯的范疇越小，上下文的銜接關(guān)系越緊密。接關(guān)系越緊密。詞匯同現(xiàn)（同一詞匯范疇）（詞匯同現(xiàn)（同一詞匯范疇）（2013課標全國卷課標全國卷II） You are a special person not a cloneMost importantly, good public sp

12、eaking training should treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits. _5_. Yo-ur training course should help you bring out your personality, not try to turn you into someone youre not.AYou arent like anybody else BYou already do lots of things well CTurn your back on too many rules同一詞匯范疇

13、2014課標全國卷課標全國卷II Make your time worth it .When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? 38 . It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something .So save yourself the effort for future meal.A. Try new things

14、. B. Ability is easily improved. C. Make three or four instead.同一詞匯范疇C、代詞線索法、代詞線索法 英語表達中，代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞英語表達中，代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞的作用是用來指代前面提及的名詞或句子。的作用是用來指代前面提及的名詞或句子。Try taking these four steps. the next time you are stressed:(1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Ta

15、lk to “trusted adult, such as “parent or other relatives. 72 They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet. D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone. E. You need to figure out what the problem is. F. And dont forget about your friends.代詞線索201

16、4年遼寧卷年遼寧卷 Protect against UV rays. Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the reason is, its extremely important to wear sunglasses. 37 C. They can properly protect your eyes. D. Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins G. This frequent eye activity increases the risk

17、for eye tiredness.sunglassesThey3、從關(guān)聯(lián)詞上查找、從關(guān)聯(lián)詞上查找邏輯關(guān)系線索法邏輯關(guān)系線索法 由于英語的句段之間經(jīng)常會運用關(guān)聯(lián)詞表示銜接和過渡，使文章邏輯更清楚和連貫，因此文章中和選項中表示各種邏輯關(guān)系的路標性信號詞在選擇答案時都是很重要的線索。 例如，在看到表示并列或遞進關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞時，一般表示前后句子的名詞或句意具有同指性；而表示轉(zhuǎn)折讓步關(guān)系的詞則往往表示前后句子的名詞同指，但句意對立，或褒貶對立或肯否對立；而表示例證關(guān)系的詞則意味著在舉例之前或之后有表述概念或某一觀點的句子，往往會有復數(shù)名詞出現(xiàn)。常見的關(guān)聯(lián)詞及有關(guān)聯(lián)作用的副詞或短語如下： 3、邏輯關(guān)系線

18、索法、邏輯關(guān)系線索法并列與遞進關(guān)系并列與遞進關(guān)系：and, also, further, moreover, whats more, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, firstly, secondly, thirdly. 等;因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系：so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result等；轉(zhuǎn)折與讓步關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折與讓步關(guān)系：however, nevertheless, though, yet, in spite of, on the contrary, other

19、wise, while, rather than, even if, despite, fortunately等。The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. 75 Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you. B. Do things together.

20、C. Do not wait to be spoken to. D. Try not to find fault with your friends. 并列關(guān)系B、（因果關(guān)系）（、（因果關(guān)系）（2013課標全國卷課標全國卷II） Get a coach71，so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when decidin

21、g the training thats right for you.DCheck the rules about dos and donts.EWhatever the presentation, public speaking is tough.FThe one thing you dont want is for them to fall asleep.因果關(guān)系C、（轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系）（、（轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系）（2013課標全國卷課標全國卷I） Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and serv

22、ices they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a profit（利潤） that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 71 Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primari

23、ly nongovernmental service providers.D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects. 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系同一詞匯范疇4、根據(jù)試題所在的不同位

24、置確定不同根據(jù)試題所在的不同位置確定不同的解題策略的解題策略（1）如果問題在段首如果問題在段首 a、通常是段落主題句主題句。認真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。 b、與后文是并列并列、轉(zhuǎn)折轉(zhuǎn)折、因果因果關(guān)系等。著重閱讀后文第一兩句，鎖定線索信號詞，然后在選項中查找 相關(guān)特征詞。通常正確答案的最后一句與空白后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的，因此這兩句間會有某種的銜接手段。 c、段落間的過渡句過渡句。這時要前瞻后望找啟示，即閱讀上一段結(jié)尾部分，通常正確答案與上一段結(jié)尾有機地銜接起來，并結(jié)合下一段內(nèi)容，看所選的答案是否將兩段內(nèi)容連貫起 空格為段落標題（空格為段

25、落標題（2014課標全國卷課標全國卷II ） 39This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you

26、 have to take control of your food and your schedule.A.Try new things. B.B. Ability is easily improved. C.C. Make three or four instead. （空格為因果關(guān)系）（空格為因果關(guān)系）（2013課標全國卷課標全國卷II） Get a coach71，so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training

27、 and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training thats right for you.DCheck the rules about dos and donts.EWhatever the presentation, public speaking is tough.FThe one thing you dont want is for them to fall asleep.因果關(guān)系空格為過渡句（空格為過渡句（2013遼寧遼寧 Forgiveness） To forgive is a virt

28、ue, but no one has ever said it is easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate. However, forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. People who forgive show less sadness, anger and stress and more

29、 hopefulness, according to a research. 71 Try the following steps: A. Why should you forgive? B. How should you start to forgive? C. Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.（2） 如果問題在段尾如果問題在段尾 通常是結(jié)論結(jié)論、概括性概括性語句。注意在選項中查找表示結(jié)果結(jié)果、結(jié)論結(jié)論、總結(jié)總結(jié)等信號詞，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to co

30、nclude, in a word等詞語，選項中也可發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句。 空格在段尾為概括句類（空格在段尾為概括句類（2014課標全國卷課標全國卷II Thinkahead.The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when Im already hungry and theres nothing ready to eat. So think ahead of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already? 3

31、7 E. Cooking is a burden for many people. F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.Summary (總結(jié)總結(jié))七選五閱讀理解題的解題技巧七選五閱讀理解題的解題技巧:速讀全文，關(guān)注每段首尾句，了解大意知主題速讀全文，關(guān)注每段首尾句，了解大意知主題瀏覽選項，理解全篇邏輯關(guān)系瀏覽選項，理解全篇邏輯關(guān)系,找出關(guān)鍵詞找出關(guān)鍵詞重復的關(guān)鍵詞重復的關(guān)鍵詞利

32、用同義詞、近義詞、反義詞關(guān)系利用同義詞、近義詞、反義詞關(guān)系利用同一范疇或領(lǐng)域的詞的利用同一范疇或領(lǐng)域的詞的關(guān)系關(guān)系利用代詞的暗示利用代詞的暗示Healthy and active high school students are always hungry. If you are a teenager, its very important to eat well-balanced meals. 16 Whats worse, it can cause your body to lack vital nutrients.D. They might cause high blood pressu

33、re or overweight.F. Its wrong to try to lose weight without eating regular meals.G. Eating too much junk food or skipping meals can harm yourself. 同一詞匯范疇表遞進A teenagers body needs enough energy and nutrients from various foods to grow and work energetically. 17 But eating healthy meals doesnt mean that you cant eat what you want to eat. It means eating a wide range of foods to get enough energy and nutrients, such a