高中英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解推理判斷型做題技巧課件 牛津版必修5

1、閱讀理解推理判斷型做題技巧閱讀理解推理判斷型做題技巧閱讀理解推理判斷型做題技巧閱讀理解推理判斷型做題技巧推理判斷題占整個(gè)閱讀理解的推理判斷題占整個(gè)閱讀理解的40%左右，要求我們從已知的左右，要求我們從已知的事件中去推測(cè)未知事件，對(duì)原文沒有提及的情況進(jìn)行推理想事件中去推測(cè)未知事件，對(duì)原文沒有提及的情況進(jìn)行推理想象，從而得出文章的結(jié)論、作者的觀點(diǎn)傾向、文章的論調(diào)和象，從而得出文章的結(jié)論、作者的觀點(diǎn)傾向、文章的論調(diào)和寫作思想等。寫作思想等。注意事項(xiàng)：注意事項(xiàng)：1、吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示。、吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示。2、注意作者遣詞造句的特點(diǎn)，弄清詞的含蓄含義

2、。、注意作者遣詞造句的特點(diǎn)，弄清詞的含蓄含義。3、時(shí)刻提醒自己作者想讓我們推斷什么，要忠于原文，不可、時(shí)刻提醒自己作者想讓我們推斷什么，要忠于原文，不可臆斷，憑空想象。臆斷，憑空想象。4、利用文章中明確表示的內(nèi)容，進(jìn)行推理，挖掘作者在文章、利用文章中明確表示的內(nèi)容，進(jìn)行推理，挖掘作者在文章中的隱含意義。中的隱含意義。題目設(shè)計(jì)形式一般有：題目設(shè)計(jì)形式一般有：1. We can infer/deduce/assume from this passage/paragraph.2. The story suggests/implies that .3. The writer of this passa

3、ge intends to .4. The writers purpose of writing the passage is to .5. The passage is probably taken from a .6. The writer of the passage considers it .7. Which of the following best describes the character of .8. What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?9. The writers at

4、titude toward is .推理判斷試題常用詞匯：推理判斷試題常用詞匯：Infer, imply, suggest, conclude, indicate, appear.此類試題的提問中可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：此類試題的提問中可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can, could, would, might或副詞或副詞probably, most likely。典例（陜西卷）典例（陜西卷）In many countries the standard of living enjoyed by their people had increased rapidly in recent years. Sadl

5、y, not everyone in these countries is so fortunate and many people in rich countries are homeless. The reasons for homelessness are various, but poverty(貧窮貧窮) is undoubtedly one of the main causes. The homeless people may have become jobless and then been unable to pay their rent and so no longer ha

6、ve a roof over their heads. Often, the fact that unemployed people get help from the government prevents this from happening, but not always. 探析探析1：細(xì)節(jié)推斷題：細(xì)節(jié)推斷題要求根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇關(guān)系抓住關(guān)鍵信息詞，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，如時(shí)要求根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇關(guān)系抓住關(guān)鍵信息詞，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、具體信息等。間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、具體信息等。Some cynics(憤世嫉俗的人憤世嫉俗的人) declare that homeless p

7、eople choose to live the life which they lead. But who would willingly choose to live in a shop doorway, under a bridge or in a cardboard box?Q: It can be inferred from the text that .A. you will not find homeless people in countries with a high standard of livingB. the mental ill live on the street

8、 because they want the company of other homeless peopleC. the unemployed who receive help may still be among the homelessD. the homeless are willing to live under a bridge or in a cardboard boxC細(xì)節(jié)推斷題類型細(xì)節(jié)推斷題類型2：True or False類型類型典例：典例：Before the widespread use of computers, managers could not make ful

9、l use of large amounts of valuable information about a companys activities. Today, managers are facing a wide range of data processing and information instruments. The information provided by these systems helps managers compare standards with actual results, find out problems, and take corrective a

10、ction before it is too late to make changes. One research found that business firms were more successful in teaching basic information about computers to business graduates than they were in teaching business subjects to computer science graduates.Q: All of following statements are true EXCEPT that

11、.A. computer is a great help for business managementB. With the help of computers, company managers are now more informed of whats going on in their companies.C. computerized information enables managers to take timely measures to prevent possible mistakesD. computer science graduates are quick to l

12、earn business subjects because of their professional knowledge about computersD探析探析2：態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)判斷題：態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)判斷題 主要考察作者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)，此問題有一定難度。推主要考察作者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)，此問題有一定難度。推斷過程中須注意文章作者的措辭。斷過程中須注意文章作者的措辭。 常見的問及態(tài)度的詞語(yǔ)有常見的問及態(tài)度的詞語(yǔ)有: Apositive (肯定的肯定的) ,negative(否定的否定的), neutral(中立的中立的), app-roval, disapproval, indifferent, sarcas

13、tic(諷刺的諷刺的), critical(批評(píng)的批評(píng)的), optimistic(樂觀的樂觀的), pessimistic(悲觀的悲觀的), objec-tive(客觀的客觀的), subjective, doubtful.典例2：Why isnt you newspaper reporting any good news? All I Read about is murder, bribery(行賄) and death. Frankly, Im sick of all the bad news.Q: This authors attitude towards the newspaper

14、reporting is to .A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform探析探析3：寫作意圖題：寫作意圖題 有些文章寫作目的比較明確，如議論文、說明文，此類有些文章寫作目的比較明確，如議論文、說明文，此類題應(yīng)關(guān)注主題句。有些讓讀者去體會(huì)，這種情況多出現(xiàn)在記題應(yīng)關(guān)注主題句。有些讓讀者去體會(huì)，這種情況多出現(xiàn)在記敘文或夾敘夾議文章中，此類文章通常先敘述，然后發(fā)表自敘文或夾敘夾議文章中，此類文章通常先敘述，然后發(fā)表自己的看法。因此議論部分蘊(yùn)含的作者的寫作意圖。己的看法。因此議論部分蘊(yùn)含的作者的寫作意圖。典例典例3（2007年全國(guó)卷年全國(guó)卷B篇）篇） If

15、 all the students in a class tried out for basketball, some would be very good players; others would be very poor; and many would be in between. But even the very poor players can become much better players if they are guided in the right way, and with plenty of practice. It is the same with reading

16、.Q: With the example of basketball players, the author shows .A. why certain people are poor readers.B. that there are differences in peoples abilitiesC. why some people are good basketball playersD. That good basketball players can be good readersB典例典例4（2007年全國(guó)卷年全國(guó)卷E篇）篇） Today about 70 countries us

17、e Daylight Saving Time (DST). Daylight Saving was first introduced during World War I in Australia. During the world wars, DST was used for the late summers beginning January 1917 and 1942, and the full summers beginning September 1942 and 1943. The differences in daylight saving in Australia contin

18、ue to cause serious problems in transport and many other social activities. It also reduces the number of hours in the working day that are common to all centers in the country. In particular, time differences along the east coast cause major difficulties, especially for the broadcasters of national

19、 radio and television.探析探析4：深層推理題：深層推理題做此類題不能僅僅透徹的理解一句話，而且要注意它與整篇做此類題不能僅僅透徹的理解一句話，而且要注意它與整篇的聯(lián)系，以及上下文之間的關(guān)系。的聯(lián)系，以及上下文之間的關(guān)系。Q: What do we know about the use of DST from the last paragraph?A. There exist some undesirable effects.B. It helps little to save energy.C. It brings about longer working days.D.

20、 Radio and TV programs become different.A. There exist some undesirable effects.典例典例5：Several different bison species have lived on the North American continent since the Ice Age; today only two exist. The wood bison is the larger of the two, and is now found mostly in western Canada. Better known i

21、n the United States is the Plains bison, or buffalo. At one time, herds of these animals could be sighted almost everywhere from the Appalachian Mountains in the East to the Rocky Mountains in the West. Q: The author implies that several types of bison . A. live outside the United States and Canada.

22、 B. are well adapted to swampy terrain C. existed before the Ice Age D. have been killed or have died out探析探析5：邏輯結(jié)論題：邏輯結(jié)論題 嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文中陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文中陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論。此類題多出現(xiàn)在說明推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論。此類題多出現(xiàn)在說明文和議論文中文和議論文中.D探析探析6：文章的題材或出處：文章的題材或出處 此類題目主要針對(duì)文體內(nèi)容較為復(fù)雜的文章，做題時(shí)此類題目主要針對(duì)文體內(nèi)容較為復(fù)雜的文章，做題時(shí)注意文

23、章的整體特點(diǎn)或主體內(nèi)容。注意文章的整體特點(diǎn)或主體內(nèi)容。典例典例6：2007重慶卷重慶卷B Our excellent activities create personalized memories of your childs vacation. Each child will receive a camp T-shirt and a photo album (usually 300-500 pictures) of their stay at camp. Our camp are offered during June, July and August 2007, for small groups of girls aged 13-16 years, not only from Canada but also other parts of the world.Q: The passage is written mainly for .A. Horse riders B. teenage girlsC. Canadian parents D. international travelersC探析探析7：預(yù)測(cè)推斷題：預(yù)測(cè)推斷題 要求根據(jù)語(yǔ)境對(duì)可能出現(xiàn)的結(jié)局或下段可能涉及的內(nèi)要求根據(jù)語(yǔ)境對(duì)可能出現(xiàn)的結(jié)局或下段可能涉及的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)、推理。容進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)、