英語專四對(duì)話與短文應(yīng)試策略

1、英語專四對(duì)話與短文應(yīng)試策略對(duì)話：對(duì)話命題主要題型：1. 場(chǎng)景題型：此題型涉及到地點(diǎn)、人物、時(shí)間等基本題型。1) 考查地點(diǎn)題型： 形式有兩種，猜測(cè)地點(diǎn)和判斷地點(diǎn)，常見提問方式有Where does this conversation probably take place?Where did it happen?Where is ？What kind of the store is she visiting?2) 考查時(shí)間題型：形式有兩種，一是從多個(gè)時(shí)間中選一個(gè)時(shí)間；二是通過運(yùn)算求得時(shí)間。常見提問方式有When does this conversation take place？When doe

2、s the man want to leave？How long did it take the man to write his paper？When did the football match start？3) 考查人物關(guān)系題型：常見提問方式有What is the probable relationship between the two speakers？2. 事實(shí)題型：主要考查具體環(huán)境的某些特定事實(shí)和行為。常見的提問方式有What does the man mean by ？What does the man say about-?What will the man probabl

3、y do？在專四的對(duì)話聽力考試題型中，常見的題型包括考查行為、考查行為特征和考查事物特征等主要形式。1) 考查行為 ( 例如： 2007 真題 Conversation 1)Man: I think I will drop in the day after tomorrow to check out.3. What will Mark Adams do the day after tomorrow？A. To come to the office again.B. To wait for the phone call.C. To call the office.D. To write to t

4、he office.2) 考查行為特征(例如：2007 真題 Conversation 2)M: Right, this is the tennis club reception area. As a member, you don t have to register when you arrive, but you must remember to register your guests. And you must be able to produce your membership card if a club official asks to see it.4. Members of

5、 the club are required toA. register when they arrive.B. bring up to three guests.C. register their guests.D. show membership cards on arrival.3) 考查事物特征(例如：2007 真題 Conversation 3)M: I went to Manchester University and got an engineering degree with management as my specialization.8. At the universit

6、y Mr. Robinson specialized inA. math.B. physics. C. water management D. geography.3. 推導(dǎo)題型： 在專四的對(duì)話聽力考試題型中， ?？疾榈耐茖?dǎo)題型包括: 考查對(duì)話意圖、 考查評(píng)價(jià)、考查原因等題型。1）考查對(duì)話意圖題型：這類題型是考查對(duì)話的目的而非內(nèi)容大意。二者區(qū)別在于考對(duì) 話大意的題要抓關(guān)鍵詞或者重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞，而對(duì)話意圖題則要深刻思考話題本身， 話題背后的意圖是什么，比如說是為了尋求幫助還是發(fā)邀請(qǐng)。例如：（2005真題）W: I work for an advertising agency. And I am d

7、oing some research. It's for a new magazine forPeople like you.4. What is the main purpose of the research?A. To make preparations for a new publication.B. To learn how couples spend their weekends.C .To know how housework is shared.D .To investigate what people do at the weekend.2）考查評(píng)價(jià)題型：主要是詢問對(duì)

8、某事、某人或某項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的意見和看法。除此之外，涉及到肯定和否定的一類問題也表明了說話者的態(tài)度或傾向。此類題型常見提問方式有What does the woman think of ？How about ？例如：（專四大綱樣題）John: Hello, Mark. Have you ever played cricket?Mark: No, never. Have you, John?John: No, but I once watched a game at the Cricket Club.Mark: Did you enjoy it?John: No, not much. I thought

9、 everybody else seemed to. I found it very slow.Q: What does John think of cricket?A. It is exciting.B. There is a lot of fun.C. It is a hard game.D. It is a slow game.3）考查原因題型：此類題答案往往隱含在對(duì)話當(dāng)中，有典型的邏輯依賴性。聽的過程 中要注重“因”與“果”的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。此類題型常見提問方式有Why ？What's the reason。卜？-because例如：（2009真題）W: Hi, Mark. How

10、are you?M: Actually, I'm really fed up, Linda. It's Jean.W: Jean? Who is Jean?M: Oh, nobody really. Just a most stunningly attractive girl in my year school.1. Mark is unhappy because ofA. his Chemistry homework.B. a girl in his class.C. Linda's words.D. Friday night's party.短文：短文題材主

11、要分兩大類1.社會(huì)生活：1）描述日常使用的生活用品2）各種文娛形式介紹3）日常生活中經(jīng)常談?wù)摰脑掝}4）生活中的真實(shí)場(chǎng)景2. 故事知識(shí)： 1）歷史、故事、人物介紹， 2） 百科知識(shí)（包括科普類） 3 ）風(fēng)土人情短文命題主要題型：1. 場(chǎng)景事實(shí)題型： 此類題型針對(duì)短文的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)加以提問。 場(chǎng)景事實(shí)題通常以 wh-question 的方式提問。主要針對(duì)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、位置、事件、方式、目的、數(shù)據(jù)等。例如： （ 2010 真題 ）15. Which of the following activities would Australian fathers traditionally participate

12、in?A. Feeding and playing with children.B. Feeding and bathing children.C. Taking children to the park and to school.D. Taking children to watch sports events.19.Which of the following details about Family Health International is INCORRECT?A. It is a nonprofit organization.B. It provides public heal

13、th services.C. It carries out research on public health.D. It has worked in five countries till now.2. 理論推斷題型：此類題型針對(duì)的不是文中的細(xì)節(jié)信息，而是要求在聽懂事實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行分析、 比較、 歸納等才能得出結(jié)論， 判斷哪一些最合適， 可分為語義理解、 推理排除、主題總結(jié)等類型。1） 語義理解：此類題型需要對(duì)短文中聽懂的某一信息細(xì)節(jié)理解后，查看在選項(xiàng)中哪個(gè)意思最符合。例如： （ 2009 真題 ）19. According to the passage, unusual names com

14、e fromA. popular culture.B. parents' invention.C. sports.D. all of the above.又如（ 2010 真題 ）16. According to the study, the "new man" likes toA. spend more time at work.B. spend more time with children.C. spend time drinking after work.D. spend time on his computer.2） 推理排除：此類題型要求考生從四項(xiàng)選項(xiàng)中

15、選出一個(gè)正確的或不正確的。問題形式可能是Which of the following statements about is CORRECT/INCORRECT?例如： （ 2010 真題 ）13. International students can receive all the following types of financial assistance EXCEPTA. federal loans.B. private loans.C. scholarships.D. monthly payment plans.3） 主題總結(jié)：主題總結(jié)題要求聽完整個(gè)短文之后歸納出主題大意。問題形式可

16、能是What is the main idea/topic of this passage?What can we learn from the passage?例如： （ 2007 真題 ）13. What is the main idea of the talk?A. How to have the bike stamped.B. How to protect your bike.C. How to buy good locks.D. How to report your lost bike to the police.應(yīng)試對(duì)策：對(duì)策之一：抓緊時(shí)間閱讀選擇項(xiàng)即充分利用時(shí)間，在聽音之前先把本

17、題的選擇項(xiàng)快速瀏覽一遍。這樣做至少有以下兩方面的好處：第一，可以根據(jù)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容預(yù)測(cè)談話或短文內(nèi)容，以便對(duì)將要聽到的材料從心理上有所準(zhǔn)備。第二，可以掃除生僻單詞、易混淆詞對(duì)應(yīng)試者聽力上造成的障礙。既然事先 閱讀選擇項(xiàng)如此重要，那么該如何 閱讀選擇項(xiàng)呢？由于可用來 閱讀選擇項(xiàng)的時(shí)間非 常短，因此，對(duì)選擇項(xiàng)必須采取快速 閱讀的方法，一定要避免逐詞 閱讀，否則就不可能在聽 音前看完選擇項(xiàng)。由于選擇項(xiàng)的長(zhǎng)短、繁簡(jiǎn)不一，那么具體處理方法也應(yīng)略有不同。當(dāng)選擇項(xiàng)都比較短時(shí)，可采用掃視的方法。例如：A. Running.B. Cycling. C. FishingD. Hunting.又如：A. A double

18、 room.B. A single room.C. A room on the top floor. D. A room on the second floor.這組選擇項(xiàng)雖然稍長(zhǎng)一些，但僅僅掃視一下也足以了解它們涉及的內(nèi)容是“什么樣的房間當(dāng)選擇項(xiàng)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮分兩步來處理。第一步從整體看，以發(fā)現(xiàn)某些共同成分；第二步采取豎讀方法，著重看區(qū)別。選擇項(xiàng)（尤其是較長(zhǎng)的選擇項(xiàng)）各項(xiàng)之間常常有相同的內(nèi)容。有的四項(xiàng)之間都有；有的每?jī)身?xiàng)之間有；也有其中三項(xiàng)相同，一項(xiàng)與之不同的（這一項(xiàng)內(nèi)容往往是干擾信息）。所以應(yīng)先整體掃視選擇項(xiàng)，迅速發(fā)現(xiàn)其共同之處，然后將視線移至各項(xiàng)不同 之處進(jìn)行豎讀（即由上向下看，而不是像

19、一般閱讀那樣由左向右看）。例如：A. The workers had finished loading the trunk.B. The workers had just started loading the truck.C. The workers had gone home.D. The workers had had a fight with the driver.先從整體上看這組選擇項(xiàng)，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)：每一項(xiàng)的前半部分相同，都是The workers had,再將視線移至后半部分豎讀，重點(diǎn)看區(qū)別，即：A. .finished loading the truck.B. .just start

20、ed loading the truck.C. .gone home.D. .had a fight with the driver再看下面這組選擇項(xiàng)：A. Her son must leave for school at 7:30.B. Her son must go to work at 7:30C. Her husband must have breakfast at 7:30.D. Her hasband must get to office at 7:30.從整體上看，各項(xiàng)的最后一部分相同（at 7： 30）,并且A、B兩項(xiàng)前半部分相同，都是Her son; C D兩項(xiàng)前半部分相同，

21、都是 Her husband。然后將視線移至中部豎讀，重點(diǎn)看區(qū)別：閡.瑁Kson）leave for school:敢.:戲.;；M. go to work .r.海:;門.（husband）have breakfast ;頗. 淵:；W . . g get to office壩.劫;用這樣的方法看選擇項(xiàng)，開始可能會(huì)感到不習(xí)慣而影響閱讀速度，但經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間的練習(xí)后，定會(huì)有所收益。掌握這種技巧后，不僅能加快閱讀速度，使考生能在較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)看完較長(zhǎng)的選擇項(xiàng)，而且能使考生對(duì)選擇項(xiàng)中的共同部分與不同部分印象更深刻，這對(duì)確定聽音重點(diǎn)十分重要。因此，在平時(shí)應(yīng)注意訓(xùn)練，以提高這種技巧，使之成為習(xí)慣。需要說明

22、的是，上面所舉的例子旨在介紹一種技巧，雖然具有一定的代表性， 但卻不能適用于所有情況。由于選擇項(xiàng)自身的結(jié)構(gòu)和每組選擇項(xiàng)的組合形式千變?nèi)f化，因此若遇到與上述例子大相徑庭的情況時(shí)， 則應(yīng)另當(dāng)別論。 但有一點(diǎn)，都必須以快速法來處理，這一原則不能放棄?？焖匍喿x選擇項(xiàng)1A. The workers had finished loading the trunk.B. The workers had just started loading the truck.C. The workers had gone home.D. The workers had had a fight with the drive

23、r.E. finished loading the trunk.F. .just started loading the truck.G. gone home.H. had a fight with the driver.2A. Her son must leave for school at 7:30.B. Her son must go to work at 7:30C. Her husband must have breakfast at 7:30.D. Her hasband must get to office at 7:30.E. Her son must leave for sc

24、hool at 7:30.F. Her son must go to work at 7:30G. Her husband must have breakfast at 7:30.H. Her hasband must get to office at 7:30.3A. Running. B. Cycling. C. Fishing. D. Hunting.4B. In the Common Room.D. In Room 501.A. In the third room on the right.C. In a room at the other end.5A. A double room.

25、B. A single room.C. A room on the top floor.D. A room on the second floor.對(duì)策之二： 充分利用日常知識(shí)在做 閱讀 理解題時(shí)都知道要充分利用日常生活知識(shí) （use your general knowledge） 。因?yàn)?英語 作為一種載體，它所反映的信息、知識(shí)一般都是日常生活中通過漢語早已熟知了的東西。 所以可以把漢語中能掌握的相關(guān)知識(shí)作為理解英語 短文的背景知識(shí)，從而降低理解難度。這種方法在大家做 閱讀 理解時(shí)都會(huì)用到， 但在 聽力 理解中， 許多人就忘了，只知道一味地傻聽。孰不知“鑼鼓聽聲，聽話聽音”。高水平的聽者，一

26、聽對(duì)方開口， 便大致可以猜到對(duì)方下面要講什么； 或者一聽對(duì)方的語氣， 便知道其真實(shí)含義是什么。因此，考生在 聽力 測(cè)試中，一定要善于利用自己的日常生活知識(shí)，把聽與理解結(jié)合起來。在Section A和Section B部分的試題中，根據(jù)所看到的選項(xiàng)和所聽到的關(guān)鍵詞，就應(yīng)該推斷出所講的是哪方面的內(nèi)容。如：【例 1】You'll have to leave now; visiting hours are over.探視時(shí)間結(jié)束了，你該走了。關(guān)鍵詞： visiting hours 探視時(shí)間涉及話題：醫(yī)護(hù)方面對(duì)話人身份：醫(yī)生，護(hù)士，患者或患者家屬、 朋友發(fā)生地點(diǎn)： 醫(yī)院可能涉及的 詞匯 ： nu

27、rse, ward, patient, symptom, treatment【例2】You will have to stand in line to make a deposit.存款要排隊(duì)。關(guān)鍵詞： deposit 存款涉及話題：銀行業(yè)務(wù)對(duì)話人身份：銀行職員與顧客發(fā)生地點(diǎn)：銀行可能涉及的 詞匯 ： account, interest rate, balance, teller, cash, credit等等?！纠?】You should use a good hairspray after you've had a wash and set.頭發(fā)洗好做好之后，要用一種好的發(fā)膠。關(guān)鍵

28、詞： hairspray （ 發(fā)膠 ） ， wash, set 涉及話題：美發(fā)對(duì)話人身份：美發(fā)師與顧客發(fā)生地點(diǎn)：發(fā)廊，美容院可能涉及的 詞匯 ： dryer （ 吹風(fēng)機(jī)，烘干器 ） ， bleaching, nails, polish【例4】I need two cocktails for the table by the pool.我要兩杯開胃酒，請(qǐng)放在靠游泳池的那張桌上。關(guān)鍵詞： cocktails; 涉及話題：餐飲對(duì)話人身份：服務(wù)員與顧客可能涉及的 詞匯 ： waiter, beverages, snack, order, menu 等等?！纠?】Here is the ticket f

29、or you, sir. You are speeding.這是罰單，先生，您超速了。關(guān)鍵詞： ticket, speeding; 涉及話題：車輛違規(guī)對(duì)話人身份：警察與司機(jī)可能涉及的 詞匯 ：fine, speed limit, parking-lot, traffic, suspend license等等。對(duì)策之三： 充分運(yùn)用推斷和猜測(cè)能力在 聽力 測(cè)試中， 不必因聽到生詞就緊張。 連續(xù)聽到幾個(gè)生詞后，更要保持冷靜、鎮(zhèn)定，否則會(huì)影響整體的理解，而抓不住全文的中心思想。相信自己有能力借助于邏輯、 常識(shí)、 語法 結(jié)構(gòu)、 語境和對(duì)主題的背景知識(shí)的了解來猜測(cè)沒有聽懂或漏掉單詞的意思，通過推理，從聽到

30、的內(nèi)容中得出正確答案。對(duì)策之四： 根據(jù)語氣，推斷別人的真實(shí)含義是什么。如：Practice【例1】Q: What does the woman mean?A. Night driving can be dangerous.B. You should not have driven during the night.C. Why don't you drive all night?D. Did you really drive all night?2】Q: What does the man say about the ice cream?A. That ice cream wasn&#

31、39;t fresh, was it?B. That ice cream was very refreshing, wasn't it?C. There wasn't any ice cream in the refrigerator.D. Fresh ice cream wasn't available.3】Q: What does the woman mean?A. Am I tired?B. I tried very much.C. I'm totally exhausted.D. Have I been hired?【例 4 】Q: What does

32、the woman mean?A. She wants someone to talk to.B. She doesn't want to be disturbed either.C. She doesn't mind talking to John.D. She really wants John to talk to5】Q: What do we learn from the woman's response?A. She agrees with the man.B. She thinks Alan does not get good records.C. She

33、doesn'tknow if Alan has any good records.D. She doesn't know what the man means.【例 1】M I started driving at 8 ： 00 p.m. yesterday and arrived here at 5 ： 30 this morning.;W: You drove all night?Q: What does the woman mean?A. Night driving can be dangerous.B. You should not have driven during

34、 the night.C. Why don't you drive all night?D. Did you really drive all night?女士的話用的是陳述句式， 但句末用的卻是升調(diào)， 表明她對(duì)男士開了一夜的車表示懷疑， 不太相信。因此答案為D?！纠?2】M: Wasn't that ice cream refreshing!W: You can say that again.Q: What does the man say about the ice cream?A. That ice cream wasn't fresh, was it?B. Th

35、at ice cream was very refreshing, wasn't it?C. There wasn't any ice cream in the refrigerator.D. Fresh ice cream wasn't available.男士的話用的是否定形式的感嘆句，句末用降調(diào)，表示了肯定的語氣。因此答案應(yīng)為B。另外，這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，對(duì)原文中的 refreshing 進(jìn)行了干擾，設(shè)計(jì)了 fresh, refrigerator 等 干擾詞，要特別小心。 【例 3】M: You did all the housework in an hour by y

36、ourself? Are you tired?W: Am I tired?Q: What does the woman mean?A. Am I tired?B. I tried very much.C. I'm totally exhausted.D. Have I been hired?女士的話用了疑問句式，句末用了降調(diào)，實(shí)際是反問，其含意是：“我累壞了，還用問嗎？”故答案為Q B和D中的tried 和 hired 都是原文中 tired 的干擾詞?！纠?4】M: You go ahead and sit next to John. I don't want him tal

37、king to methroughout thewhole play.W: And I do？Q: What does the woman mean？A. She wants someone to talk to.B. She doesn't want to be disturbed either.C. She doesn't mind talking to John.D. She really wants John to talk to.對(duì)話中女士雖用了陳述句式，但末尾用升調(diào)，實(shí)際是表示反問的語氣，即表示不滿： “難道我愿意讓他和我說話嗎？”故答案為B?！纠?5】M: Ala

38、n certainly got some good popular song records.W: Didn't he？Q: What do we learn from the woman's response？A. She agrees with the man.B. She thinks Alan does not get good records.C. She doesn'tknow if Alan has any good records.D. She doesn't know what the man means.女士用了疑問否定的形式， 句末用降調(diào)， 表示她對(duì)此事有同感， 贊同男士的看法。 故答案A。對(duì)策之五 : 邊聽邊記做 聽力 測(cè)試題目時(shí)，考生應(yīng)養(yǎng)成邊聽邊記