初中英語講義：五種基本句型講解和練習

1、句子成分和五種基本句型、導入四只老鼠吹牛。甲：我每天都拿鼠藥當糖吃；乙：我一天不踩老鼠夾腳發(fā)癢； jQ 丙：我每天不過幾次大街不踏實：?。簳r間不早了，回家抱貓去咯。2一群螞蟻爬上了大象的背，但被搖了下來，只有一只螞蚊死死地抱著大象的脖±f| 子不放，下面的螞蟻大叫：掐死他，掐死他，小樣，還他媽反了！二、知識點回顧(1)專題講解專題1：詞類1.十大詞類實詞：可以在句子里面充當成分，可以獨立出現(xiàn)1 .名詞n.表示人和事物的名稱，作主語、賓語等2 .代詞pron.代替名詞數(shù)詞等，作主語、賓語等3 .動詞v.表示動作，做謂語4 .形容詞adj.表示人或事物的特征，作定語、表語,譯作的”5 .

2、副詞adv.表示動作特征或性狀特征，修飾動詞，形容詞或其它副詞，做狀語,譯作".地"6 .數(shù)詞num.表示數(shù)目或順序，做主語、賓語、表語、定語等虛詞：不能獨立出現(xiàn)7 .冠詞art.用在名詞前幫助說明其意義，a/an/the8 .介詞prep.用在名詞，代詞等前面，說明它與別的詞之間的關(guān)系9 .連詞conj.用來連接詞與詞或句與句10 .感嘆詞interj.表示說話時的感情或口氣專題2：句子成分i.句子成分概述%組成句子的各個部分叫做句子的成分,既:主語、謂語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓語補足語。主語 和謂語是句子的主體部分。一1.主要成分：主語、謂語（必須有）一 2.特定成

3、分：賓語、表語、補語（在某種特定的句型里面出現(xiàn)）3.附加成分：定語、狀語（可有可無，可多可少）2、句子各種成分的含義理解：1）、主語：句子的主角，一個句子在說或討論誰（啥），誰（啥）就是主語。主語一般放在句首。（在“主+謂+賓”的句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,賓語是動作的承受專。）：Tom is a doctor.AMy father and my mother are teachers.Today is my birthday.! can see a desk in the room.Watchin, TV too much is bad for your eyes.Beijing is

4、a good place to visit.2）、謂語：動詞作謂語，謂語必須是動詞（be/情態(tài)/實意動詞）。一般放在主語的后面。謂語要跟 前面的主語在"人稱"和"數(shù)”上保持一致，這叫主謂一致。：I arn a teacher.My parents work in a school.You can swim.Lucy doesn't do homework every dayThe apple tastes good.He doesn't like English.I can't join the club.3）、表語：表語對前面的主語起表明

5、、表達、表現(xiàn)、表示的作用。表明了主語的身份、特征或狀態(tài)。（表語一般為名詞或形容詞,用于“主+系+表的結(jié)構(gòu)中.）：I am Lily.I am a teacher.That sounds interesting.We must keep healthy.My dream is to be a tnacheMy teacher looks excited.4）、賓語：謂語動作的承受者就是賓語。（在“主+謂+賓的句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語是動作的執(zhí)行者, 賓語是動作的承受老：They sing songs.The boy join thu swimming club.The little dog looked

6、 at me.I have a book.You like playing soccer.He is reading a newspaper.5）、定語：定語起修飾、形容作用，一般由形容詞充當。（還可以由代詞、數(shù)詞充當）：It's a beautiful car.Beijing is a -ood place to visit.I have two bi日 eyes.My father often takes a Ion, walk.I have two pens.The red pen is Tom's.6）、狀語：狀語也起修飾作用，一般由副詞或介詞短語充當,在句中表示時間、

7、地點、方式、條件、原因、結(jié)果、目的等。狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞。（注：修飾動詞的狀語通常放在動詞后。He runs quickly.但有些副詞如often,always, usually等作狀語,時則放在be動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞后，實義動詞前。）：He is very tall.He runs quickly.I often go to school at 7:00.I often have lunch at school.They sing this song in English.The teacher smiled in his office.If it rains tomorrow,

8、 well stay at home.（條件狀語從句）We had to stay at home because of the rain.（原因狀語從句）I have to work hard so that I can pass thr text.（目的狀i2,從句） 7）、賓語補足語：用來處充姻賓語的動作或狀態(tài)。：He made the boy laugh.I found the dog running through our garden.We call him Little TigerI find learning English difficult. （difficult 是形容詞

9、做賓補）I saw the kite up and down. （up and down 是副詞做賓補）Tom made the girl cry. （cry 是動詞做賓補）形容詞和副詞的用法區(qū)別：-形容詞作定語修飾名詞或代詞。1副詞作觸修飾動詞或形容詞。：1、I like the new book.（形容詞作定語）Lily is a happy girl.（形容詞作定語）2、He runs quickly.（副詞作狀語）Lily learns English happily.（副詞作狀語）及物動詞和不及物動詞的區(qū)分：及物動詞：動詞后可以直接涉及、加上一個物（或人）作賓語。：I play fo

10、otball.Mother bought a new bag.不及物動詞：動詞后丕可以直接涉及、加上一個物（或人）作賓語。:He runs quickly,BThey swim every day.專題3：五種基本句型五種基本句型：英語句子是由主語、謂語（動詞）、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、賓語補足語等成分組成，按照 這些成分的組合方式的不同,英語句子可分為五種基本句型其他各種句型都是由這五種基本句型 轉(zhuǎn)換來的。五種基本句型漢語英語縮寫1、主語+謂語（不及物動詞）S + V2、主語+謂語+賓語S + V + O3、主語+謂語（系動詞）+表語S + V + P4、主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語S +

11、 V + INO+DO5、主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語S + V + 0 + 0C1）、主語+謂語（不及物動詞）lx The teacher smiled.2、The boy can swim.3、The sun has risen.4、I don't know.5、The rain has stopped.2）、主語+謂語+賓語1> love you.2、He helps us.3> She played the piano .4、The students played football.5> We study English,6、The children are

12、watching TV.3）、主語+謂語（系動詞）+表語（英語中有一類動詞叫連系動詞,它后面用來說明主語“是什么"、“怎么樣”的成分，叫做表語。）Be 動詞（am is are was were）連系動詞- 感官動詞（look, sound , smell, taste , feel / seem ）1、My dad is old.2、Your pen is in the desk.3、The house is large. 4、They are Chinese.5、These boxes are heavy.6、l_am 17 years old.7> That girl w

13、as me.8、You look sad.9 It tastes good.（注：系動詞be有時翻譯成“是”，更多的時候不譯出來，受中文影響，翻譯成英語時容易丟掉。 英語句子中必須有動詞。丟掉連系動詞，就是不完整的句子了。）?4）、主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語分析下面句子：He gave us some money.一7間接賓語（人）直接賓語（物） /rilteach ypu English. Y間接賓語（由名詞或代詞充當）1卜雙賓語直接賓語（由名詞或從句充當）1、111 bring vou some new books.2、He returned me the money .3> T

14、hey sent their son a car.4、My uncle bought me a bike （last week）.5、Mother made me a new shirt （last Sundav）.5）、主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語此句型的句子的共同特點是：動詞后只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思，必須加上一個補充 成分來補足賓語，說明情況,才能使意思完整。1. They painted the door green,他們把門刷成綠色。（green,補充說明門的性質(zhì)）2. They found the house bi£.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那房子很大。（big,補充說明房子的狀

15、態(tài)）saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.我看見 Mr. Wang 上了 公交車。（get on the bus,補充說明 Mr. Wang 做了何事）從句：賓語從句、定語從句、狀語從句、（主語從句、表語從句）（注：哪個句子成分不再是簡單的單詞、短語，而是個完整的句子,它就會是一個相應的從句。初中階段我們主要了解賓語從句、定語從句、狀語從句三種從句。）（2）變式練習一、選出句中謂語的中心詞.1、I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don*tB. likeC. pictureD. wall2、Do you usually go

16、 to school by busA. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus3、There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon4、Did the twins have porridge for their breakfastA. DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast5、 Tom didn*t do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his ho

17、mework6、Whom did you give my book toA. giveB. didC. whomD. book二、選出下列句中的賓語My brother hasn't done his homework.A B C D2、People all over the world speak English.ABCD3、The old men said he was ill.ABC4、You Yvill find the museum on thn left.ABC5、 You will find it useful after you leave school.ABC6、Th

18、ey didn't know Tom.ABC四、鞏固練習一、挑出下列句中的表語lx The old man was feeling very tired.ABC2、The leaves have turned yellow.ABC3、They look beautiful.ABC4、She was the first one.A B C二、選出下列句中的定道、What is your English name)A B C2、 The man downstairs sleeping.3、 l_am waiting for the tall boy, AB C4、The old man i

19、s 90 years old. ABC三、選出下列句中的賓語補足語1、He asked her to tnke the boy out of school.ABC2、They call me Lily sometimes.AB C3、I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.ABC4、Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playgroundA BC四、選出下列句中的狀語.、Tom runs fast.ABC2、There was a big smile on her face.A BC3、Every night hn hea

20、rd the noise .AB C4、He began to learn English when he was eleven. )ABC5、She loves the library because she loves books.A BC五、拓展訓練一、劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語. Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week.I Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me二、寫出劃線部分的句子成分1. Lily is cleaning the dusk now.2. Her garden is the best in our town.3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old.3.1 like this book very much.5. The girl on the blue bike is Jane's sister.6. Sh