高中英語代詞講解與練習(xí)(共9頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上代詞代詞可以分為下列九類1 人稱代詞2 物主代詞3 反身代詞4. 相互代詞5. 指示代詞 6. 疑問代詞7. 關(guān)系代詞8. 連接代詞9 不定代詞一 人稱代詞英語中主要有以下這些人稱代詞： 數(shù) 格 人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)一二三一二三主格Iyouhe, she, itweyouthey賓格meyouhim, her, itusyouthem人稱代詞做主語時用主格，做賓語時用賓格。在作表語時，用賓格較多，例如：Who is knocking at the door? - Its me.但在強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中卻常用主格：It is I that who will love you from b

2、eginning to end.在使用人稱代詞時有下面幾點值得注意：1）she可以用來代表國家，船只，大地，月亮等。 e.g. I think England will do what she promised to do.2) 在并列的主語中，I總放在最后。e.g. Mary and I will be in charge of the case.You,she and I ,who are all good friends,should love one another from the bottom of our heart forever.3) 第三人稱，男女兩性并用時，男先女后。e.

3、g. He and she still dont agree to the plan.二 物主代詞英語中主要有下列這些物主代詞：類型 詞義我的你的他（她，它）的我們的你們的他們的形容詞性物主代詞myyourHis, her, itsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyoursHis, hers, itsoursyourstheirs1. 形容詞性的物主代詞只能作定語，如I am going to my home village to see my parents this weekend.2. 名詞性的物主代詞可以作：（注：形代具名名代，形代在句中其后必有具體的名詞。）1) 主語

4、Ours is a big family.2）賓語The life in your country is quite different from ours.3）表語Whose dictionary is this? -its mine.4） “of +名詞性物主代詞”可用作定語 That car of hers is always breaking down.= Her car is .三 反身代詞單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimselfherselfItself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselves themselves1這些詞可用來：(注：主賓一致的情況下往往用反身代詞充當(dāng)賓語

5、。)1） 作賓語I cant express myself in English.2) 作表語I am not quite myself these days. 3）作主語或賓語的同位語The theory itself is all right.在作同位語時，自身代詞常譯作“本人”或“親自”They must make investigation themselves.他們必須親自作調(diào)查。與by oneself較難區(qū)分 by oneself 譯為“一個人干（不要別人幫助）”They made the machine all by themselves. 這機器完全是他們自己制造的。2自身代詞

6、常和某些動詞連用enjoy oneself, behave oneself(使自己舉止良好),help yourself to sth. 請吃點.Come to oneself蘇醒3常與某些介詞連用by oneself 一個人做（不要別人幫助）for oneself替自己，自己 He has a right to decide for himself. 他有權(quán)自己決定。in oneself 本身 This is not a bad idea in itself. 這主意本身并不錯。to oneself供自己用 She had a room to herself. 她自己住一間房。四 相互代詞O

7、ne another與each other由于表示相互關(guān)系，稱為相互代詞，兩者的用法是差不多的。We can help one another (each other).We are eager to learn from each other. 五 指示代詞有this, that, these, those.注意：1 前面剛提到的東西，英語中常用that (或those)表示。e.g. We have no time to do it. Thats our trouble.The umbrella you bought yesterday is cheaper than that I bou

8、ght a moment ago. Generally speaking,the weather in the south is warmer than that in the north.(注：that指代可單the one，亦可指代抽象的不可數(shù)名詞。)2. 指下面要談到的事物時，常用this, 表示。I want to know this: has John been here?3 those在下面的這種類型的句子里常出現(xiàn)，表示人們或東西（后面多有一定定語修飾）Those who learn not only from books but also through practice wil

9、l succeed.The students in Class 1 are more active than those in Class 2.(注：those指代可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)the ones。)六 疑問代詞有who, whom, whose, what, which都是來構(gòu)成特殊問句的。Who通常做主語和表語，whom做賓語。1 what, who 一般來說，what 問的是職業(yè)或地位，who問的是姓名。-What was her husband?- He was a lawyer.比較 - who was her husband? - He was John Smith, the son

10、 of a famous writer.2 which, what Which用于已知情況的選擇，其后可以跟of, 而what用于未知情況的疑問，其后不能跟of.What fruit do you like best?Which do you like better, oranges or apples?3 在以這類代詞做主語時，后面的動詞可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式，也可以用單數(shù)形式，要看所代表的人或物是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù)來決定。e.g. Who live(s) in this room? 如果不清楚代表的東西是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù)，則動詞多用單數(shù)形式。-Whats there on the desk?- Therer

11、e some books on it.七.連接代詞：疑問代詞都可以用作連接代詞，來引起主語從句，賓語從句和表語從句。（注：不管何種從句我們的原則是“缺什么補什么”且語序要用陳述語序，即引導(dǎo)詞位于句首其后的語序用主謂系結(jié)構(gòu)，that只有引導(dǎo)定語從句才在定從中充當(dāng)句子成分其它任何情況下均不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起引導(dǎo)詞的作用，若“句意完整無疑問”我們用that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，若含“是否之意又不缺句子成分”用ifwhether引導(dǎo)名從）。Whether they win or lose is all the same to me.What I really care about is whether it

12、 works or not.That china is a great socialist country is well known.The idea that the earth is round is not a new one.I didnt know what had happened until he told me the news.After 5 hoursdrive,they got to what they thought was the place they had been dreaming of.When will the person who you think i

13、s up to the task come to work?How he worked it out is still a secret. 代詞what有時可以用來表示the thing which這種意思。We should never pretend to know what we dont know. 2 who(m), which, what等可以和ever構(gòu)成合成詞，和前面所提到的疑問代詞一樣，引導(dǎo)名從。whatever=anythingeverything that或any , whichever (=anyone whoanything that)whoever (=anyone

14、 who) , whomever (=anyone whom)whosever(anyone whose) 等可用于引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。這類引導(dǎo)詞均相當(dāng)于“先行詞關(guān)系代詞”，沒有疑問語氣，但沒有ever的引導(dǎo)詞which, who等卻依含有疑問意味。如：The poor young man is ready to accept whatever (=any) help he can get. 那個年青人意愿接受能得到的任何幫助。Whoever (=Anyone who) comes will be welcome. 任何人來都?xì)g迎。This kind of book is of great hel

15、p to whoever wants to do the job. 你們之中誰想要，我就給誰。You should give it back to whosever(anyone whose)name is on the cover of the book.注：這類詞也可引導(dǎo)狀語從句，可用“no matter+疑問詞”替換，“no matter+疑問詞”只引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句且用逗號和主句隔開。如：Whoever (=No matter who) you are, you cant pass this way. 不管你是誰，你都不能從這里通過.will come to help with my E

16、nglish hasnt been decided.A .No matter who B.Whoever C.Whatever D.Who案D只有D帶有疑問口氣.八 不定代詞：英語中有下面這些不定代詞：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no.以及一些復(fù)合不定代詞，如：anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everything,

17、nobody, nothing.1.some, any和no的用法1). some /any+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞2). some用于肯定句或期待肯定應(yīng)答的疑問句。any用于疑問句或否定句，在肯定句中表示“任何一個”Would you like some tea?You can ask me if you have any questions.3). some of +代詞賓格復(fù)數(shù)+ the + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) I know some of them, but not all.（注：當(dāng)any及any系列詞表任何之意時可用在肯定句，如：Anything may happen in the worl

18、d, which is commen in our real life.）4). no+可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞 no=not a/not anyI have no car. ( I have not a car.)We had no bread for breakfast. (We had not any bread for breakfast.)Exercise : Fill in the blanks with some, any or no1). I asked her for _ paper, but she didnt have _. some any 2). Would you li

19、ke to have _ bananas? Yes, Id like to. some3). Lucy has _ bike and she often rides her sisters bike. no4). _ of the plants grow well. Some5). There is _ air on the moon. noThere isn't _ paper in the box. Will you go and get _ for me?Aany; someBany; anyCsome; someDsome; any A2.few, a few, little,

20、 a little的用法： 詞類目含  義 語  氣 修飾或代替的名詞 few 很少幾個 否定 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 a few 有幾個 肯定 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 little 很少，不多 否定 不可數(shù)名詞 a little 有一點 肯定 不可數(shù)名詞 Exercise:1). I have a little good friends in our class.(改錯) a little-a fewA B C D2). There is little water in the bottle, _ _? (補全反意疑問句) is there3)There is _ water here; b

21、ut there are quite _ empty glasses. Alittle; a few Bfew; littleCfew; a few Dlittle; a little A4). Kate is a nice girl. She says _ but do much. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little c3.some，any, no, every與-thing，-body，-one構(gòu)成的合成詞的用法some，any與-thing，-body，-one構(gòu)成的合成詞的用法與some，any一樣。something, somebody和som

22、eone用于肯定句anything, anybody和anyone用于否定句或疑問句注意：1).這些代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。如：Everything is hard at the beginning.2). something，anything，nothing三者跟形容詞時,形容詞要放在它們的后面。Be quiet! I have _ to tell you.Aimportant anything Banything important Cimportant something Dsomething important D4.both和all的用法：1). both “兩者都 ”

23、 ；all “三者或以上都”2). both+名詞復(fù)數(shù) Both suggestions are good. both of +代詞賓格復(fù)數(shù) Both of my parents are healthy. both of + the+名詞復(fù)數(shù)3). all + the+名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞All the oil has been used up.all of +代詞賓格復(fù)數(shù) All of them go to the movies.all of + the+名詞復(fù)數(shù) All of the windows are open.5.both, either和neither的用法：both：指兩者都，

24、肯定。后面的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。either：指兩者中的任意一個。后面的名詞要用單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。neither：指兩者中沒有一個，全否定。后面的名詞要用單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如: My brother and I saw 2 movies last night,neither of which was interesting.bothand 作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式. either or “不是就是; 或者或者”. 連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時,謂語堅持就近原則neithernor “既不又不Exercise:1).Both Li Ping and I _ (be) stude

25、nts. are2).Neither Li Ping nor I _ (be) a student. am3).Either this answer or that answer _ (be) correct. is4).Both (of them) _ (enjoy) the rice. enjoy5). They were all asleep. _ of them heard the sound. A. All B. Both C. None D. Neither c6).-May I use your pen? -Yes, here are two and you can use _

26、of them. A. both B. every C. any D. either d7). Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk ? _, thanks. Id just like a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None b8)There are some trees on _ side of the street. Aboth Ball CEither DeveryC6.each和every的用法：1).each強調(diào)個體(指一定數(shù)目的兩者或兩者以

27、上，可作主語、賓語、定語、同位語。做主語謂語動詞用單數(shù)。)every強調(diào)“全體”,只能作定語(后面必須跟著名詞，指不定數(shù)目中的每一個)。Each boy and each girl works hard every day in order to enter the dreamy college。Each side of the street has a lot of trees.Every man is not honest.并非每個人都誠實。Not every man is honest.On _ side of the street there are shops and restaur

28、ants. eachOn _ side of the square there are tall buildings. Each/every3). every還可以表示“每隔的；每中的”Every year or two每一兩年every other day每隔一天4). and連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別由each, every, no修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.Exercise:1). - How often are the Olymp

29、ic Games held? - _ four years. A. Every B. Each C. In D. For A 2). There are many trees on _ side of the street. A. all B. every C. neither D. each d3). _ of them has a dictionary and _ one of them can look up words in the dictionaryAEach; every BEvery; each CEach; each DEvery; every a4).There are l

30、ots of English books here, and _ of them is easy to understand. Aboth Ball Cevery Deach D5)_ of them has a dictionary and _ one of them can look up words in the dictionary.AEach; every BEvery; eachCEach; each DEvery; every A改錯：1). I gave a present to every of her parents . every改each2). There a

31、re lots of English books here, and every of them is easy to understand. every改each7.one, (the) other , (the) others和another的用法1). one:一個, 代指前面出現(xiàn)過的同類可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)為ones。2). another經(jīng)常指三者或三者以上中的另一個，意思是“另外一個表在原有基礎(chǔ)上的又，再”，是泛指。I dont like this coat.

32、 Show me another, please. another +數(shù)字+復(fù)數(shù)名詞：另外幾個 We need another 3 plates.3).other表示“另外的”，只作定語;other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)=others (沒有范圍限定）當(dāng)other 前 no, any, some 等詞時，可接單數(shù)形式。 e.g. any other plant, some other day(改天)，no other choice.4).the other,兩者中的另一個。常與one連用，構(gòu)成onethe other (一個。另一個)5).others泛指別的人或物，是other的復(fù)數(shù)形式，泛指別的人或物

33、（但不是全部，全部是“the others”）e.g. some others6).the others特指其余的人或物,是the other的復(fù)數(shù)形式。Exercise:用another和other、others1). Lei Feng is always ready to help _. others2). Some are planting trees, some are carrying water, and _ are watering the trees . others3). I have got ten pencils. Two of them are red , the _

34、are blue. others4). She held a pen in one hand and his notebook in the _. other5). I have read three stories. Ill go on to read _. Others/another6). Can I have _ three cakes? another7). The red T-shirts are more expensive than the white _. OneThese sweaters are too small for me. Please show me _ one

35、.Aother Bothers Cthe othersDanother DThere are twenty teachers in this gradeEight of them are women teachers and _ are men teachers.Athe otherBthe othersCothers Dother B8. none, no one, nothing的用法區(qū)別1).no one=nobody只能指人，但不具體指什么人。不與of連用；謂語動詞用單數(shù)；表示“什么人也沒有”，一般用來回答who,及含anyone, anybody引起的疑問句。No one like

36、a person with bad manners.Who is in the room?No one.Is there anyone in the room?No one.2).none(一個都沒有，一點都沒有，強調(diào)數(shù)量)可與of連用，具體指什么人或物；謂語動詞用單或復(fù)數(shù)；指的是三者或三者以上的人或物中"沒有一個“, 代指上文提到的事物，含特指概念。暗示一種數(shù)量，即指數(shù)量上“一個也沒有”。一般用來回答how many +n, how much +n及含any +n引起的疑問句。請看：None of us have/has seen him.He wants me to lend h

37、im some money, but I have none at hand.（特指前面提到的錢）How many students are there in the room? None.How much money do you have on you? None.Is there any water in the bottle? None.3).nothing 指物,泛指；謂語用單數(shù)；強調(diào)內(nèi)容。一般用來回答含anything的一般問句及what引起的特殊問句。He felt hungry, but he could find nothing to eat in the kitchen.（

38、泛指所有吃的東西，不是特指某一種） What is in the box? Nothing.Is there anything in the sky? Nothing.Can you see anything without glasses? Nothing.下面的順口溜將幫你記得更清楚。No one與none好分辨。/具體人，物把none填。不知何人與何物，/No one， nothing是一路。No one人nothing物，/保你不會出錯誤。 Exercise :1.There is _ in the room. no one2._ of the students is afraid o

39、f difficulties . None3. -How many fish did you catch? None -_. 4.-Who is in the classroom? -_. No one=NobodyThey were all very tired, but _ of them would stop to take a rest.Aany BSome Cnone Dneither C9. 全部否定和部分否定1）.All, both, everyone, everybody, everything 和every加名詞都表示全部肯定，no one, none, nobody, no

40、thing, notany 和no +名詞都表示全部否定；但當(dāng)not出現(xiàn)在含有表示全部肯定的不定代詞的句子中，不管not在他們之前還是之后都表示部分否定；e.g. Both of them havent read this story. (not在后) 他們兩人并沒有都看過這個故事。only one of them has read this story.All bamboo doesnt grow tall=not all bamboo grows tall.并非所有竹子都長得高。全部否定的例子：all of the boys are clever, but none of them can

41、 work out this problem.2） 總括性副詞如everywhere, always, altogether, wholly和not連用時，也表示部分否定。Such a thing cant be found everywhere. 這種事并非到處可見。（部分否定）Such a thing can be found nowhere.這種事什么地方也見不到。（全否）It作代詞時一般替代前面提到的同一事物，可以代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，也可以代替不可數(shù)名詞。ONE 用來代替同類事物中的一個，只可代替可數(shù)名詞，表示同類泛指，復(fù)數(shù)形式是ones，有時one 可以有修飾詞。THAT 用來代替同類

42、事物中的特指的一個，表示同類特指，即可代替單數(shù)名詞（替代可數(shù)名詞用those）也可替代不可數(shù)名詞。其代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時相當(dāng)于the one .Key: 18ADDDDACC代詞it的用法（一）it的用法主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：作為人稱代詞的it，先行代詞的it，非人稱代詞的it以及強調(diào)句中的it和it的一些習(xí)慣用法。1. it指代前文出現(xiàn)的同一事物、群體、經(jīng)驗、活動等。可以代替一個詞、詞組或整個句子，以免重復(fù)。That wasnt where you had dinner，was it？If you remember these points，it will help you.I love r

43、unning. It keeps me fit.it也可指代嬰孩或姓名性別不詳?shù)娜?。Do you hear a baby crying？Something must have hurt it.Who is making so much noise？It must be the children.Somebody is knocking at the door. I dont know who it is.Who is it? 未見具體人，不同于Who is that ？見到具體某人，但不相識。2. it用作非人稱代詞的主語，表示氣候、天氣、溫度、時間、地點、距離等或虛指的情境。Its Sund

44、ay tomorrow,so we are all going to church.Its five miles to the nearest station from here.It was dull when Tom was away.It seems that no one would like to help you.3. it充當(dāng)形主或形賓It is of great help to master a foreign language.It took me a week to recite the text.I find it quite necessary to make some

45、 changes.代指動名詞，可作形式主語或形式賓語，常用在下列句型中It is no good（no use，useless）動名詞It is no usegood crying over spilt milk.It is a waste動名詞It is a waste of time arguing with them on this matter. 代指名詞性從句She wants to make it clear whether you still love her or not.It is not known what caused the accident.It is t

46、rue that age doesnt always bring wisdom.4. 用于強調(diào)句型中It is（was）被強調(diào)部分（主語、賓語或狀語）that（who）。it無任何指代關(guān)系，也無實義。It is I who（that）will love you from beginning to end.It was in Shanghai that I first met Jack.It was because I wanted to buy a dictionary that I went to downtown yesterday. （二）研究一下近年來的高考試卷可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，含

47、it 的句型幾乎年年考到?？梢?it 句型的重要性和使用的普遍性?，F(xiàn)根據(jù)其用法特點可歸納為下列幾個句型。1. It is被強調(diào)部分that     該句型是強調(diào)句型。將被強調(diào)的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that 之后。被強調(diào)部分可以是主語，賓語，表語或狀語。強調(diào)的主語如果是人，that 可以由 who 換用。如果把這種句型結(jié)構(gòu)劃掉后，應(yīng)該是一個完整無缺的句子。這也是判斷強調(diào)句型與其它從句的方法。  It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an ho

48、ur hand was made.  It was they that（who）cleaned the classroom yesterday.  It was in the street that I met her father.2. It is not until被強調(diào)部分that     該句型也是強調(diào)句型。主要用于強調(diào)時間狀語，譯成漢語 “直到才”，可以說是 not until 的強調(diào)形式。  It was not until she took off her dark glasses

49、 that I realized she was a famous film star.Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.3. It is a pity（a shame ）that     該句型中，that 后的從句一般用虛擬語氣（should動詞原形），should 可

50、省去. 表示出乎意料，常譯為“竟然”。沒有這種意義時，則不用虛擬語氣。  It is a pity that such a thing（should）happen in your class.4. It is time（about time , high time）that     該句型中that 后的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，值得注意的是 常用過去時態(tài)表示虛擬. 有時也用should動詞原形，should 不能省。常譯為“早該的時候了”。  It is time that children should go to

51、bed. It is time that children went to bed.5. It is the first（second ）time that  該句型要和上一個句型區(qū)別開來。該句型中的 that 從句不用虛擬語氣，而用完成時態(tài)。至于用什么完成時態(tài)，由主句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)決定。如果是一般現(xiàn)在時，后面從句用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)；如果是一般過去時，后面從句則用過去完成時態(tài)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中 that 可以省去；it 有時用 this 替換，常譯為“是第一（二）次”。  It is the first time that I have been late this ter

52、m.It was not the first time that the boy had made such a mistake.6. It is has been since     該句型主要用作處理瞬間動詞的完成時，又要和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用的問題。主句中是時間作表語，其時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時或完成時，since 引導(dǎo)的從句通常是一般過去時態(tài)，而且是瞬間動詞。如果主句是一般過去時，從句則用過去完成時。  It is（has been）5 years since his father died.7. It is when  

53、   該句型中的 when 引導(dǎo)的是一個時間狀語從句，主句中的 it 指時間，表語由具體的時間充當(dāng)。常譯為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r候，是”。 It was 5 oclock when he came here.8. It be before It will be before 再過才會It wont be long before 不久就會It was before 過了多久才It wasnt long before 沒過多久就It wont be long before the village takes on an entirely new aspect.It was

54、nt long before they fell in love with each other.9. It is no good（use）doing sth.It is no good learning English without speaking English.練習(xí)1. Tom, Please pass _ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers. A. you B. me C. him D. her B2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few D3. -You want _ sandwich? -Yes, I usuall