交通大學(xué)遠(yuǎn)程教育——大學(xué)英語(yǔ)課后練習(xí)題及答案

1、Part Two: Read and PracticeRead and ThinkII. Answer the following questions according to the text.I.What are the main type of air Pollution?An.: These include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and "holes" in the ozone layer.2 .Where does exhaust come from?An.: The exhaust comes from

2、burning fuels in automobiles, homes, and industries.3 .Why is the amount of carbon dioxide in the air continuing to increase?An.: Carbon dioxide is produced when fuels are burned. Plants convert carbon dioxide back to oxygen, but the release of carbon dioxide from human activities is higher than the

3、 world's plants can process. The situation is made worse since many of the earth's forests are being removed, and plant life is being damaged by acid rain.4 .Can pollutants be created by indoor activities?An.: Yes. Some pollutants can be created by indoor activities such as smoking and cooki

4、ng.5 .What is the first step to solve air pollution?An.: The first step to solve air pollution is assessment.III. Put in the missing words according to the text.There are several main types of pollution and well-known effects of pollution. One type of air pollution is the release of particles into t

5、he air from burning fuel for energy. Another type of pollution is the release of harmful gasesin the atmosphere, forming smog and acid rain. The greenhouse effect is also referred to as global warming. In many countries in the world, steps are being taken to stop the damage to our environment from a

6、ir pollution. They have set controls on pollution emissions for transportation vehicles and industry and we must meet the challenge in order to assure that a healthy environment will exist for ourselves and our children.Read and CompleteIV. Spell the following words with the help of their meanings a

7、nd first letters...e ssential a. absolutely necessary. Vitally necessarys ubstance n. that which has mass and occupies spaceexhaustn.gases ejected from an engine as waste productsconvertv.to change the nature, purpose, or function of somethingreactionn.a process in which one or more su

8、bstances are changed into othersderivev.to obtain; to come from9. consequence10. exposures ignificant a. important; of consequence; having or expressing a meaning w ell-being n. a contented state or being happy healthy and prosperous n. the outcome of an event especially as relative to an individual

9、n. the state of being put into a situation in which something harmful or dangerous might affect youV. Complete each of the following statements with the words you have learned in the text.1. He explained that his delay was due to an accident.2. For every action there is an equal and opposite reactio

10、n.3. This is one of the most significant studies of the subject.4. This garden has the best collection of native plants. In addition , it contains numerous trees and flowers from overseas.5. The paint came off as the result of exposure to the rain.VI. Fill in the blanks with the proper words and exp

11、ressions given below, changing the form if necessary.1 .We refer to copper and silver as good conductors.2 .Here patience is essential.3 .The company supply, the children in the mountain area with a lot of books.4 .These phenomena are very common now.5 .These English words derive from Greek.6 .The s

12、torm caused untold damage to the farmer s production.7 .The region continues to suffer from serious pollution.8 .How do you convert iron into steel?9 .Climate change could have serious consequences for Africa.10 .The harmful substances released into the environment.VII. Word building.Now add -en to

13、each of the words below and then complete each of the following sentences with one of the finished words.Sharp-sharpen; deep-deepen; high-heighten; bright-brighten; short-shorten; broad- broaden; wide-widen; quick-quicken; dark-darken; long-lengthen.1. John glanced at his watch and quickened his pac

14、e.2. The road broadened into an imposing avenue last year.3. His expression brightened when I mentioned the money.4. The gap between income and expenditure has widened to 10%.5. They are talking about shortening the working week.6. The bad news darkened their view of the situation.7. It' s an op

15、portunity for young people to deepen their understanding of the world.8. The teacher advises pupils to sharpen all their pencils before the test.9. The director uses music to heighten tension in the scene.10. The days lengthened as summer approached.VIII. Pay attention to the italicized parts in the

16、 English sentences and translate the Chinese sentences.1 .示區(qū)j： Air suppliesus with oxygen which is essential for our bodies to live. Trees and flowers can supplyus with fresh air and beautiful view.這家公司的任務(wù)是向周圍的住戶供應(yīng)煤氣。譯： The task of this company is to supply the homes around with gas.他們向受洪災(zāi)地區(qū)(the flo

17、od-stricken area)的人們提供了食品援助(aids)。譯：They supplied the people in the flood-stricken area with food aids.2 .示仞j： This type of pollution is sometimereferred to as “ black carbon “ pollutionreHenisd to as a living Shakespeare.他們稱他是一位政治家。譯： They referred to him as a politician.那些在辦公室工作的人被稱為“白領(lǐng)(white coll

18、ar)工人”。譯： People who work in offices are usually refer to as“ white collar workers3 .示例： These can take part in further chemical reactioonice they are in the atmosphere, forming smog and acid raiOnce you start, you will never give up.錢一旦花光了，我們就回不了家了。譯： Once the money has gone, we cannot go back home

19、.一旦出版，這本詞典將會(huì)非常暢銷！譯： Once printed, this dictionary will be very popular!4 .示區(qū)j： Only through the eforts of scientists, business leaders, legislators, and individuals can we reduce the amount of air pollution on the planet.Only in a big city was it possible to buy a new wheelchair.孩子們只有在長(zhǎng)大了之后，才能明白父母的辛

20、苦。譯： Only after the children grew up could they understand their parents' hard working.我們只有在山頂上才能看到整座城市的美景。譯： Only at the top of the mountain can we see the beautiful scenes of the whole city.5 .示例：This challenge must be met by all of us in order toassurethat a healthy environment will exist for

21、 ourselves and our children. Nothing cansurepermanent happiness.他向我保證他已經(jīng)完成了。譯： He assured me that he had finished.我可以向你保證這消息是可靠的。譯：I can assure you of the reliability of the news.IX. Translate the following sentences into English.1 .我們?yōu)轭櫩吞峁└鞣N優(yōu)質(zhì)商品。譯： We supply our customers with a variety of goods wi

22、th high quality.2 .應(yīng)該采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧┍Ｗo(hù)當(dāng)?shù)氐沫h(huán)境和歷史。譯：Proper steps should be taken to protect local environment and history.3 .只有用這種方式，你才能從你的錯(cuò)誤中吸取教訓(xùn)。譯： Only in this way can you learn form your mistakes.4 .在大城市，空氣污染是個(gè)大問(wèn)題，尤其是在發(fā)展中國(guó)家。譯： Air pollution is a big problem in large cities, especially in developing countri

23、es.5 .此外，為了解決污染問(wèn)題，我們應(yīng)該限制私人轎車的數(shù)量而增加公共汽車的數(shù)量。譯：In addition, in order to solve the pollution problem, we should limit the number of private cars while increase the number of public buses.X. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. Each of these problems has serious effects on our health and wel

24、l-being as well as on the whole environment.譯：這些問(wèn)題已嚴(yán)重影響到我們的健康和幸福，也影響到整個(gè)環(huán)境。2. It is caused by chemical reactions between pollutants derived from different sources, primarily automobile exhaust and industrial emissions.譯：它是由來(lái)源不同的污染物之間的化學(xué)反應(yīng)所導(dǎo)致，這些污染物主要是汽車尾氣和工業(yè)廢氣。3. In many countries in the world, steps

25、are being taken to stop the damage to our environment from air pollution.譯：全世界許多國(guó)家正采取措施以制止空氣污染對(duì)環(huán)境的破壞。4. Cities are often centers of these types of activities, and many suffer from the effects of smog, especially during the warm months of the year.譯：城市往往是這類活動(dòng)的中心。許多人深受煙霧之害，尤其是在一年中溫暖的幾個(gè)月中。5. Researcher

26、s have investigated outdoor air pollution and have developed standards for measuring the type and amount of some serious air pollutants.譯：研究人員已經(jīng)調(diào)查了室外的空氣污染，并制定了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以計(jì)量一些導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重后果的空氣污染物的種類和數(shù)量。XI. Reading comprehension.* In this exercise, there is a passage followed by some multiple-choice questions. Read t

27、he questions first, and then the passage. Don't worry about any new words as long as you understand the meaning well enough to answer the questions. Then answer the questions by making the best choice for each one.Our surroundings are being polluted faster than the nature and man's present e

28、fforts cannot prevent it. Time is bringing us more people, and more people will bring us more industry, more cars, larger cities, and growing use of man-made materials.What can explain and solve this problem? The fact is that the pollution is caused by man - by his desire for a modern way of life. W

29、e make "increasing industrialization" our chief aim. So we are often ready to offer everything: clean air, pure water, good food, our health and the future of our children. There is a constant flow of people from the countryside into the cities, eager for the benefits of our modern society

30、. But as our technological achievements have grown in the last twenty years, pollution has become a serious problem.Is it time we stopped to ask ourselves where we are going and why? It makes one think of the story about the airline pilot who told his passengers over the loud-speaker: "I've

31、 some good news and some bad news. The good news is that we're making rapid progress at 530 miles per hour. The bad news is that we're lost and don't know where we're going." The sad fact is that this becomes a true story when we speak of our modern society.1. Man cannot prevent

32、 the world from being polluted because.An.: C. we have more industry2. People crowd into the cities for.An.: B. they are anxious to enjoy the achievements of our society3. According to the passage, what does man value （看重） most among the following?An.: A. Industry.4. The story about the airline pilo

33、t tells us that.An.: D. the writer is worried about the future of our society5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?An.: B. Lower the speed of development to stop pollution. Part Three: Write and ProduceExercisesI. Write a composition based on the topic "The City in Which I L

34、ive".The City in Which I LiveI live in Beijing. It is China's second largest city in terms of population, after Shanghai. It is a major transportation center, with dozens of railways, roads and expressways entering andleaving it in all directions. Beijing is recognized as the political, edu

35、cational, and cultural center of China. There are such plenty of beautiful buildings and spotlights as the Great Wall, Summer Palace, and Olympic Park.With the modern, developed traffic system, we find it quite easy to live in this city. There are also many shopping centers, supermarkets and enterta

36、inment centers, which lead to a comfortable life in Beijing. But the population of the city is increasing rapidly. Sometimes, the traffic is busy. It may bring you some disappointment. It is obvious that the air pollution is being worse and worse. The livingenvironment isn't as nice as before.II

37、. Write a composition based on the topic "My Favorite Person".My Favorite PersonNowadays, many teenagers have idols of their own, some of them like movie stars, some like pop singers. I also have an idol, but the person I admire is not a star, it's my mother.She is a generous, good nat

38、ured and warm-hearted woman. When she smiles, her whole face lights up; her eyes sparkled; Her smile makes me feel good, at ease, somehow reassured. She is good at cooking. She often treats me with delicious dinners. When I have trouble, I often turn to her for help. She always listens to me patient

39、ly and encourages me to do my best. She used to say "It doesn't matter if you win or not. The important thing is to do your best and keep going."My favorite person, an ordinary traditional Chinese woman, but she is the greatest woman in my mind.I wish my mother has a happy life every d

40、ay. I love my mother.Part Four: Pick up your grammarExercisesI. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.1 .Can you find out her pen?An.: C. where Alice has put2 .You can't imagine when they received these gifts.An.: B. how excited they were3 .I will give this book to w

41、ants to have it.An.: B. whoever4.I doubt he will lend you the book.An.: A. whether5 .We must do well the boss assigns us to do.An.: B. whatever6 .Hans has a new car. I wonder when it.An.: A. he bought7.I have not found my book yet. In fact, I'm not sure I could have done with it.An.: D. what8 .T

42、he reason I plan to go is if I don't.An.: B. that she will be unhappy9 .The music was so loud. That's he left the party so early.An.: B. why10 .Do you know?An.: C. what time the party starts11 .The reason we're so late is.An.: C. that the car broke down12 .Do you are told; otherwise you

43、will be punished.An.: B. what13 .This is I want to tell you.An.: D. what14 .Students in his class cannot understand.An.: C. what this sentence means15.We don't doubt he can make a good job of it.An.: B. thatII. Translate the following sentences into English.1 .我想知道他是否會(huì)同意我的計(jì)劃。An.: I wonder whethe

44、r/if he will agree on my plan.2 . 問(wèn)題是這部電影是否值得一看。An.: The question is whether this film is worth watching.3 . 我們不知道誰(shuí)會(huì)來(lái)當(dāng)英語(yǔ)老師An.: We don't know who will be our English teacher.4 .她建議他們下個(gè)月買輛新車。An.: She suggests that they buy a new car next month.5 .你知道這本字典是誰(shuí)的嗎？An.: Do you know whose dictionary it is

45、?6 .她說(shuō)她很快就會(huì)出國(guó)。An.: She said (that) she would go abroad soon.7 .這就是為什么瑪麗著急的原因。An.: This is why Mary was worried.8 .老師告訴孩子們什么時(shí)候?qū)⑴e行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。An.: The teacher told the children when the sports meeting would be held.9 .我們都知道地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)這個(gè)真理。An.: We all know that the earth goes around the sun.10 .父母決定孩子們?cè)谑裁吹胤铰稜I(yíng)。An.:

46、 The parents will decide where the kids are going to go camping.11 .我知道他們是誰(shuí)的學(xué)生。An.: I know whose students they are.12 .那就是他上大學(xué)的時(shí)候。An.: That was when he went to the university.13 .我想知道美國(guó)人是怎么過(guò)周末的。An.: I wonder how the Americans spend their weekends.14 .母親說(shuō)星期天要來(lái)看我，讓我在家等她。An.: Mother said (that) she wil

47、l pay me a visit on Sunday and (that) I should wait for her at home.15 .我們必須決定什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身。An.: We have to decide when we will set off.Unit 2Part Two: Read and PracticeRead and ThinkII. Answer the following questions according to the text.I.What do the three Rs mean?An.: Reinforce: reinforcing relief and

48、adaptation before the event through good planning communication and regulations;Rescue: executing an effective rescue during the crisis;Recovery: supporting a long-term regional recovery to lessen the disruptive social and economic impacts.2 . What levels are included in rescue?An.: Rescue operates

49、at two levels: government and society.3 .What should the government do in the rescue operation?An.: First, the government should give clear, feasible command and control structure; second, it should provide good communications between rescuers and those affected.4 .What should the society do in the

50、reinforce operation?An.: The society, on the one hand, should raise public awareness of disaster plan and citizen participation; on the other hand, society should establish large, aware social networks.5 .What did China do to deal with typhoons which hit coastal southeast China in the summer of 2006

51、? An.: At the height of the biggest typhoon, the government used all means possible, including TV, the internet and text messagesto get the word out about escaperoutes. In all, more than 1.5 million people were evacuated, 40,000 ships were recalled to ports and all business "not related to figh

52、ting the typhoon" was suspended. Society did not break down and all levels of government, including the military, came together to effectively limit additional cost and suffering.III. Put in the missing words according to the text.The human, economic, political, and security cost of environment

53、al change can be cut down at three stages: reinforce , rescue and recovery, each of which operates at two levels: government and society . It is worth noting, however, that countries with a strong government response need to be careful to include the population in the resilience , rescue and recover

54、y process, otherwise it will end up with a population that is incapable of self-reliance .There exist a wide range of adaptive capabilities, and some of the richest countries can learn from a few of the poorest. There are also varied measures that can be taken during the recovery phase to help long-

55、term stability. In a world of environmental change, limiting loss will be just as important as promoting growth.Read and CompleteIV. Spell the following words with the help of their meanings and first letters.1. s ecurityn.the state of being free from danger or injury2. effectivea.able to accomplish

56、 a purpose3. r einforcev.to make stronger4.a daptationn.the process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions5.adequatea. enough to meet a purpose6.disastern. an event resulting in great loss and misfortune7.rescuen. recovery or preservation from loss or danger8. crisisn. an unstabl

57、e situation or extreme danger or difficulty9. lessen v. to decrease in size, extent, or range10. routen. an established line of travel or accessV. Complete each of the following statements with the words you have learned in the text.1 .These plants will not survive without sun.2 .Please discuss whet

58、her these proposals are feasible3 .There ' s a life vest under your seat for waterergencies4 .They make a quick response to his inquiry5 .People often focus on building relationships with others that they forget the essential first step: being friends of themselves.VI. Fill in the blanks with the proper words and expressions given below, changing the form if necessary.1. The city's road system is incapable of handling the current volume of traffic.2. If the corporation wants to increase its profit ,it must reduce operating expense.3. Th