英語中讀音中強讀、弱讀、連讀、失爆等規(guī)則教學提綱

1、英語中讀音中強讀、 弱讀、連讀、失爆等 規(guī)則連讀、加音、爆破、同化、省音、弱讀、濁化英語常見語流現(xiàn)象1 . 連讀：兩個相鄰單詞首尾音素自然的拼讀在一起，中間不停頓，被稱為連讀。連讀只發(fā)生在同一意群之內(nèi)，即意思聯(lián)系緊密的短語或從句之內(nèi)。1）詞尾輔音+詞首元音，如：Stand?up.Not?at?all.Put?it?on, please.Please pick?it?up.I'm?an?English boy.It?is?an?old book.Let me have?a look?at?it.Ms Black worked in?an?office.I called you half?

2、an?hour?ago.2）詞尾不發(fā)音r或re+詞首元音，詞尾r發(fā)音/r/ 。如：far?awayHere?is a letter for you.Here?are four?eggs.Where?is my cup?Where?are your brother?and sister?They're my father?and mother.I looked for?it here?and there.There?is a football under?it.There?are some books on the desk.注：當有意群進行停頓時不可連讀。如：Is?it a hat o

3、r?a cat? （hat與or之間不可以連讀）There?is?a good book in my desk. （book 與 in 之間不可以連讀）Can you speak?Englis or French? （English 與 or之間不可以連讀）Shall we meet at?eight or ten tomorrow morning? meet 與 at eight 與 or 之間不可以連讀）She opened the door and walked?ir（.door 與 and 之間不可以連讀）2 .加音：在連貫的語流中，人們往往會在兩個元音之間加入一個外加音幫助發(fā)音，從而

4、更加流暢地表達意思。1) 詞尾元音/?,u:/+詞首元音在詞尾加上一個輕微的/w/。Go w away.How w and why did you come here?The question is too w easy for him to answer.2) 詞尾元音/?i:/+詞首元音在詞尾加上一個輕微的/j/ 。如:I j am Chinese.She can't carryjit.I j also need the j other one.He j_is very friendly to me.She wants to study_j_English.It'll ta

5、ke you three j hours to walk there.3) 失去爆破與不完全爆破：1)失去爆破：爆破音例破音當兩個爆破音/p,b,t,d,k,g/相鄰時，前一個爆破音只按其發(fā)音部位做好發(fā)音口形、形成阻礙 而不爆破出來，稍微停頓后即發(fā)出后面的輔音。前一個爆破音被稱為失去爆破。失去爆破產(chǎn)生的原因大體上是由于省力史則造成的。如：Kept/Blackboard/Notebook/Goodbye/September/Suitcase/Big boy/Sharp pencil Whatjime You must_pay.Ask Bob to sit_behind me.She took g

6、ood care of the children.2）不完全爆破：A）爆破音+摩擦音：爆破音/p,b,t,d,k,g/與摩+«音/f,v,s,z,?, 8 ,e,r,相鄰時產(chǎn)生不完全爆破。發(fā)摩擦音時發(fā)音器 官并不形成阻礙而只形成一個很狹小的縫隙讓氣流從縫隙中摩擦而出。如果一個爆破音與摩 擦音相接它爆破沖出的氣流只能從狹小的縫隙中通過這種爆破是不完全的。失去爆破產(chǎn)生的 原因大體上是由于省力原則造成的。如：Advance/SuccessA good viewOl必riendsJust thenGet throughMake sureNight show Keepsilence Keep_

7、that in mindB）爆破音+破擦音：爆破音與破擦音/t?,d?,tr,dr/相鄰時產(chǎn)生不完全爆破。如 Picture/ObjectThat_child Goodjob Sweetdream Greaichanges A fast trainC）爆破音+鼻輔音：爆破音與鼻輔音/m,n,?/相鄰時：在詞中，不完全爆破；在詞尾鼻腔爆破。如：Utmost/Admit/Midnjght/Certain/Button/Garden_ Good_morning Good_nightStart_nowI don t/knowJust momentA good neighborD)爆破音+邊輔音：爆破音

8、與邊輔音/I/相鄰時：在詞中，不完全爆破；在詞尾舌側爆破。如：Lately/Badly/Mostly/FriendlyA bitjouderI 'dJike toStraightjineGoodjuckAtjastAtjunch4 .同化：人們在說話的時往往會不自覺地讓一個音受相鄰音的影響，使它們變得與其相同或相似；或者兩個音互相影響變?yōu)榈谌齻€音。這兩種現(xiàn)象被稱為音的同化。同化可以發(fā)生在同一 個詞、復合詞內(nèi)或者句子相鄰詞之間。1)因聲帶的影響而發(fā)生的同化：A)濁輔音可變?yōu)榍遢o音， 如：of(v一f) course his(z- s) pen with(c 0) pleasureB)清輔

9、音可變?yōu)闈彷o音， 如：like(k-g) that。2)因發(fā)音部位的影響而發(fā)生的同化：A) /t/+/j/一/t ?。如：Don' t hrLyourself!I ' ll ®ou go this time.Don' t_you do that again.It ' s very nice to nmeeu.B) /d/+/j/ 一/d ?。如：Didjyour sister come?Would_you please come in?Could_you read this for me please?You didn ' t like Eng

10、lish,ddyou?C) /s/+/j/ 一/?。如:I miss you.May God bless you.We will come this year.D) /z/+/j/ 一/?。如：Here s your ticket.I love you because you are you.Don' t expect he tellyou the truth5 .省音：在快速、隨便的言語中一些音素被省略掉被稱為省音。省音能提高語速，使說話省力 在正式場合和語速慢的情況下，省音不是必須的1)同一單詞內(nèi)元音的省略，主要是非重讀音節(jié)中的/7和/?,如：ord(i)n(a)ry。2)當前一單

11、詞以輔音結尾，后一單詞以/ 7開頭時，/?/常被省略，如：walk (a)way。3)當前一單詞以否定形式-n't結尾，后一單詞以輔音開頭時，/t/常被忽略，如：She isn ' (t) there.I didn ' (t) hear you.He can' (t) believe that.4) 任何一個輔音若后面緊跟著/h/ , /h/可以不發(fā)音。如：Come (h)ere!Must (h)e /ti/ go?What will (h)e /wili/do?Has (h)e done it before?Tell (h)im to ask (h)er 5)

12、 將多個單詞利用連讀爆破等拼和在一起。如：gotta(got to)gonna(going to)kinda(kind of)lotsa(lots of)gimme(give me)6) 強讀式和弱讀式：在一個句子，有些詞說得又輕又快，而且較為含糊，有些詞則說得又重又慢，而且較為 清晰。那些說得響亮而清晰的詞就是句子重音所在。實詞(包括名詞、實義動詞、形容詞、 副詞、數(shù)詞疑問詞等）一般都接受句子重音，為重讀詞，采用強讀式：虛詞（包括介詞、代詞、連詞、冠詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞等功能詞）一般都不接受句子重音，為非重讀詞，采用 弱讀式。6.1 一般規(guī)律：1）弱讀式只出現(xiàn)在句子的非重讀詞中。如：Pass

13、 me/n? the/e?/ book. me the弱讀。2）單詞單獨出現(xiàn)或在旬首或旬尾時，都采用強讀式。如：What are you listening to/tu:/?3）被特別強調的詞無論實詞還是虛詞都采用強讀式。如：I am/?m/ Peter.我就是皮特。6.2 虛詞弱讀規(guī)律：1）長音變短音，如：she/? i:/弱讀/? /。2）元音前面的輔音被省略，如：him/hm/弱讀/?m/。3）輔音前面的元音被省略，如：am/?m/弱讀/m/。4）元音一般弱讀為/?/,如：can/k?n/弱讀/k?n/。5）部分虛詞有多種弱讀式，如：would/w?d/弱讀/?d,d/。7.濁化：1）

14、/s/后面的清輔音要濁化。如：/k/ 濁化成 /g/: scar/school/discussion/t/ 濁化成/d/: stand/student/mistake/p/ 濁化成 /b/: spring/spirit/expression2）美音中，當/t/出現(xiàn)在兩個元音之間并且處于非重讀位置的時候，/t/需要濁化成一個近似于/d/的音。這樣，writer聽起來和rider的發(fā)音幾乎沒有區(qū)別。如：Letter/water/better/duty/bitter/city I got it.Would you please pick ii up?注：/t/如果處于重讀位置的話，即使在兩個元音之間

15、也不需要濁化。請比較：濁化的 /t/清晰的 /t/I'talian a'tomicLa'tino pho'tographer'Italy 'atom'Latin'photograph3)美音中，當/t/ 前面是一個元音，后面是一個模糊的 /l/ ，且處于非重讀位置， /t/ 也需要濁化成一個近似于/d/ 的音。 如： Battle/bottle/cattle/little/rattle/settle4) 美音中，當 /t/ 前面是一個清輔音或前鼻音/n/ ，后面是一個元音，且處于非重讀位置， /t/也需要濁化成一個近似于/d/ 的

16、音。 如： Twenty/fifty/center/after/faster/actor/sister/yesterday朗讀練習：1. There are many things to consider when you are looking for a house, whether you intend to buy or only rent. After all, it is going to be your home, perhaps for quite a long time, and you want to be happy with it. You have to decide

17、 exactly what kind of house you want, how much you can afford to pay, and the type of neighborhood you wish to live in. However, it s always easy to forgebecause it s most probably that you ll fall in love with the house for sale at the first sight.2. YouthYouth is not a time of life; it is a state

18、of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure o

19、ver the love of ease. This often exists in a man of sixty more than a boy of twenty. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals.Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, selfdistrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to