詞法之名詞的數(shù)與格

1、詞法之名詞的數(shù)與格1概念引入什么是名詞？名詞是表示人，事物和抽象概念的詞，在短語(yǔ)或句子中通常可以用代詞來替代。名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通 名詞；可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞等。簡(jiǎn)單地說：noun is every thing.2用法講解一,名詞的數(shù)。1.可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞可以用數(shù)字計(jì)數(shù)的名詞，稱為可數(shù)名詞。 可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)形式和復(fù)數(shù)形式。book （單數(shù)）books （復(fù)數(shù)） 可數(shù)名詞可以被冠詞a/ an修飾。a book 一本書an English dictionary 一本英語(yǔ)詞典可數(shù)名詞表示具體數(shù)量時(shí)，如果數(shù)量超過 一個(gè)，可以直接用基數(shù)詞修飾。two books兩本書 four bo

2、ys四個(gè)男孩可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形 式要隨著名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而變化。她的朋友來自澳大利亞。Her friendfrom Australia.她的朋友們來自澳大利亞。Her friends from Australia.常用來修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞有：few. a few, many, some, any, a lot of, lots of 等。I have many.我有很多朋友。Theresomeon the table, 桌子上有一些花。（2）不可數(shù)名詞 不能用數(shù)字計(jì)數(shù)，必須通過容量等計(jì)量單位來表示 量的名詞，是不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞沒有單數(shù)形式和 復(fù)數(shù)形式的區(qū)別。air空氣（正

3、確） airs空氣（錯(cuò)誤） 不可數(shù)名詞的前面不能用不定冠詞修飾。bread面包（正確）a bread 一片面包（錯(cuò)誤）不可數(shù)名詞的量的變化要通過修飾它的詞的單復(fù)數(shù) 變化來表示。a glass of water 一杯水twoof water 兩杯水a(chǎn) piece of paper 一張紙twoof paper 兩張紙不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。Waterimportant to us.水對(duì)我們來說很重要。 常用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞有：little, a little, much, some, any, a lot of, lots of。Therea little water in

4、 the bottle.瓶子里有一點(diǎn)水。Theresome milk in the glass.杯子里有一些牛奶。2 .可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化?？蓴?shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種形式： 規(guī)則變化遵循以下規(guī)律：(1)一般情況下，許多名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是在名詞的后面加 字母Sboy -pen -book - pencil -以字母S , X , sh , ch結(jié)尾的名詞,在單詞的后面加-esclass - box - watch -以輔音字母十y結(jié)尾的單詞，把y變?yōu)閕再加心baby - family -(4)部分以字母“o”結(jié)尾的單詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)加一eshero -(英雄)一些外來詞如photo,

5、piano加Negro -potato _tomato -(黑人)以字母f或者fe結(jié)尾的單詞，先把字母f/fe變?yōu)樽帜竘eaf - knife-V再加-eswife- wolf-有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)是不規(guī)則變化child -tooth -sheep - man- foot- deer-二.名詞的所有格。名詞所有格用來表示名詞之間的所有或所屬關(guān)系的，譯成漢語(yǔ)是“的)名詞的所有格可以分為：加飛的所有格；用of連接兩個(gè)名詞的所有格和雙重所有格。1 . 'S所有格的用法。(1)一般情況下直接在名詞后加's就可以構(gòu) 成名詞的所有格，這種所有格主要用于有生 命的東西。the boys bag男孩

6、的書包,men's room男廁所(2)以s結(jié)尾的名詞只需要在詞尾加'構(gòu)成所鋪the twins' room雙胞胎的房間(3)'s所有格也RJ用于表示時(shí)間、城市、地 域、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等非生命的事物。We accepted the invitation without a moment's hesitation 我彳門一點(diǎn)也 沒有猶豫就接受了邀請(qǐng)。New York s population is much larger than Washington's.紐約的人口 比華盛頓多得多。(4)表示兩人或多人各自的所屬關(guān)系，要在 各個(gè)詞尾分別加飛;表示兩人

7、或多人共同的 所屬關(guān)系時(shí)，只需在最后一個(gè)詞尾加飛Mark s and Sam s beds馬克和薩姆的床(兩人各有一張床)Mark and Sain's room馬克和薩姆的房間(兩人同住一個(gè)房間)(5)表示某人的家、店鋪、辦公室時(shí)，常省 略s后回的名詞house, shop和office等。my uncle's = my uncle's house 我叔叔家the doctor s = the doctor's office 醫(yī)生的診所2 .of所有格的用法。(l)Of所有格一般用于無生命的 東西的名詞中。a map of the world 世界地圖the

8、windows of the room 房間的窗戶（2）如果名詞有一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的定 語(yǔ)，盡管名詞表示有生命的東 西，也可以用這種所有格形式。the long and beautiful tail of the black cat 黑貓的又長(zhǎng)又美的尾巴（3）某些of所有格和's所有格可含義相同the son of a worker=a worker's son 個(gè)工人的 J L子以互換。含義小同an old woman's story 個(gè)老人的故事（老人自己講的故事）the story of an old woman 一個(gè)老人的故事（別人講的關(guān)于這個(gè) 老人的故事）3 .雙重所

9、有格及其用法。'S所有格和of所有格兩種所有格形式結(jié)合在一起，構(gòu)成“。計(jì)所有格”形式，即雙重所有格。它通常表示部分概念， 即全體中的一部分。two good friends of mine我的好朋友中的兩個(gè)a friend of my sister's我姐姐的一個(gè)朋友注意以下表達(dá)的區(qū)別：a picture of him他（本人）的照片a picture of his他（所有的照片中）的一張照片基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)一、單選題1 .Would you like to have coffee?A. anyB. lot2 .There are five and 30 in our class.C.

10、 someA. Germany; China B. Germans; Chineses C. Gennans; Chinese3.The boy is so hungry. He is eager to have for breakfast.D. lotsD. German; Chinese一What a poor boy!A. two bread4.We are busy. We haveB. two breadsto do.C. two pieces of breadA. many homework B. a lot of homeworksC. much homeworksD. a lo

11、t of homework5.1 know all myA. teachers*6.Science isA. Gina7. What isbirthdays.B. teachers favorite subject.B. Gina's brother?C. teachefsD. teacherC. GinasD. Ginas,He is a policeman.A. Jim's and Paul'sB. Jim and PaulC. Jim and Paul'sD. Jim's and Paul8.In this school, there are si

12、xty-fiveA. woman teachersB. women teacherC. women teachersD. woman teacher9.This isA. Tom and JackB. Tom's and Jack's10 .We usually have a 7-day holiday (假期)during (在A. National Day11 .The girl needs 一 A. two pair of shoe12 .一Do you like B. May DayB. two pairs of shoe ?Yes, I likeA. apple; t

13、hemvery much.13.You can see someA. orangeB. apples; it on the table. B. tomatoesC. Tom's and Jack期間)C. Children's DayC. two pairs of shoesC. apples; theseC. bananaD. Tom and Jack'sD. Women's DayD. two pair of shoesD. apples; themD. hamburgerroom. Mine is next to it.二、選詞填空（詞匯運(yùn)用）(cousi

14、n/cousin's) birthday. Let's have a party!14 .Today is my15 .Who are they?They are my一16 .Are those your(parent/parents).(friend/friends)?一No. I don't know them.17 .This is(BettyXBetty) room.18 .Jim's father and Cindy's father are . (workerworkers)三、語(yǔ)法填空一1.1 1 usually brush my(too

15、th) in the morning.20 .When do you brush your(tooth)?21 .There are three(piano) in our school.22 .Do you make any(friend) here?23 .There are five(people) in my family.24 .My father likes taking(photo).25 .The students are doing different(thing).26 .(Kate) desk is next to my desk.27 .These(man) are w

16、orking in the field.28 .There are fifteen(woman) in this street.29 .We want to go to different(school).30 .My mother buys many(tomato) every week.31 l.She is forty(year) old.32 .The two(girl) are Kate and Linda.1.1 It is my(father) cup.(Sunday).34 .They always play volleyball with their friends on F

17、ridays and35 .His(father) birthday is on June 4th.36 .They can go there on(child) Day.37 .How much are the(shoe)?38 .He always has some(apple) for dinner.39 .David likes(rice) and vegetables for dinner.40 .Tom and Jack are basketball(star).41 .Today is(Mary) birthday.42 .Here are some red and green(

18、apple).43 .Some(vegetable) are on the table.四、改錯(cuò)題 、44 . For many student, it is easy to get to school.1. .1 don*t have much times for lunch.46. You need to brush your tooth after eating.47. This trip opened my eye.48.One of the students in our class is from Canada.49.We are in the same school, but w

19、e have different teacher.5O.She has long legs, but her foot are small.提升練習(xí)I.寫出下列單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。1. apple2. pear3. orange4. banana5. strawberry一 6. hamburger7. tomato_8. potato9. boy10. baby11. knife_12. busII.根據(jù)句意，從括號(hào)中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。1. - Whose book is that?-t，s(Kate's / Kate)2. Let's go to my(uncle / uncl

20、e s) after school.3. He is a friend of my(father / father's)4. That's photo It is very beautifiil.(Lily and Lucy's / Lily's and Lucy s)5. These are bikes. (Jim and Sam's / Jim's and Sam s)III.用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1 .March 8th is Day. (woman).2 .The shop sells(婦女)handbags.3 I ll give

21、my English teacher a card for Day. (teacher)4.1 t's only ten walk from the station to the hotel. (minute)5.When is(mother) Day?N.單項(xiàng)選擇。1. Is that your? Yes, it is. Thank you.A. book B. a book C. books D. the book2. Mr. Black is a friend of.A. Jack's aunfs B. Jack's aunt C. Jack aunt's

22、 D. aunt's of Jack3. Look! Those are your. You can use them.A. book B. the book C. books D. a book4. Don't worry. Your son will come back in hour.A. a B. an C. the D. /5. There are three in my family.A. boy B. boys C. boies D. a boy6. There are ten in the picture.A. sheeps B. deers C. horse

23、D. cows7. Look at these. They are my family members.A. photos B. photoes C. a photo D. the photo8. Susan has friends in China , she's very lonely.A. few B. a few C. little D. a little9. Look? These books not yours.are your father's.A. is; It B. are; They C. are; It D. is; They10. There is fo

24、od on the table.A. lot of B. a lot C. lots of D. lots11. Mr. Black is _. But he likes to drive a _ car.A. English; Chinese B. an English; China C. an England; China s D. English; Japan 12. Lily and Lucy are from.A. English B. Chinese C. England D. French13. Can you buy some eggs for dinner, mum?Oh,

25、no. There are on the table.A. a box of egg B. two boxes of eggs C. two boxes of egg D. a boxes of eggs14. The bus station is about fivefrom his home.A. hundred meter B. hundreds of meter C. hundred meters D. hundreds of meters15. Our math teacher has daughter.A. a 8-year-old B. an 8-years-old C. an

26、8-year-old D. an 8-year-olds16. It will take us walk to get there.A. one hour and a half B. one and a half hour C. one and half hours D. one and a half hours' 17. There are many in our school.A. woman teachers B. man teachers C. women teachers D. men's teachers18. In the picture you can see

27、a and many _.A. cat, sheeps B. cat, sheep C. sheep, cat D. cats, sheeps19. Those stole a few yesterday.A. thiefs, fishes B. thieves, fish C. thiefs, fishes D. thief, fish20. Tlie room is too small, there,s no enough for another chair.A. rooms B. room C. place D. spaces21. How many are there in these

28、?A. tomatoes, photo B. tomatoes, photos C. potato, photos D. potatoes, photo22. The little boy has two.A. geese B. tooth C. dog D. cat23. What it is today!A. a nice weather B. nice weather C. nice a weather D. good a climate24.1 want and two apples for lunch.A. a piece of bread B. two piece of bread

29、s C. two piece of bread D. a pieces of bread 25. Jack won the boys'race in our school sports meetmg yesterday.A. 1500-metre B.1500-metres C.1500-metre's D. 3000 meters1. .1 like that son of.A. Jim's sister B. Jim sister's C. Jim's sister's D. sister's Jini27. You must fin

30、ish the work in.A. two weeks time B. two weeks5 time C. nvo week's time D. one weeks time528. This isroom. Come in, please.A. John and Joy B. Jolm and Joy's C. Jolm's and Joy's D. John's and Joy29. That man is.A. a friend of my father B. my father friend C. a friend of my father&

31、#39;s D. one of my father friend 30.Day is on September 10th.A. Teacher B. Teacher s C. Teachers' D. Children's31. She gave us on how to keep fit.A. few advices B. some advice C. an advice D. some suggestion32. Some came to our city for a visit yesterday.A. Germans B. Germen C. Frenchman D.

32、American33. That table is made of.A. glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. some woods34. She has read of the good-looking writer.A. works B. work C. job D. career35. How many were there on the road when the accident happened?A. policeman B. polices C. police D. peoples36. Excuse me.where is the ?A. wo

33、man*s room B. women1 room C. men's rooms D. men rooms37. In a few time, those old houses will be pulled down.A. year B. years* C. year's D. years38. This is a pencil of.A. Tom B. Tom's C. her D. him39. After he checked up my heart, the doctor advised him to rest for a few weeks rest for

34、a few weeks.A. father-in-law's B. father's-in-law C. father- in- law D.father's-in-law,s40. She is in herbut she looks very young.A. sixty B. sixties C. twenty D. twenties【真題鏈接】1. There are fifty in our school. They are all friendly to us.A. woman teachers B. women teacher C. woman teach

35、er D. women teachers2. Lily, let's make vegetable salad. How many do we need?-One is enough.A. oranges B. potato C. tomatoes3. Mum. it's so hot. Could I have some?A. hamburgers B. bread C. ice-cream基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)答案解析部分一、單選題17 ,【答案】Betty's34.【答案】Sundays1.【答案】c18 .【答案】workers35.【答案】father's2.【答案】C三、語(yǔ)法填空36.【答案】Children*s3.